The Right to Development in International Law: The Case of Pakistan

by Iqbal; Khurshid

• ISBN13: 9780415479417
• ISBN10: 041547941X
• Format: Hardcover
• Copyright: 2009-08-17
• Publisher: Routledge

Summary

This book explores the right to development in international law. The volume draws on a range of relevant sources to analyse the legal status of international cooperation in contemporary international law, before going on to explore the domestic application of the right to development looking at the example of Pakistan.

Table of Contents

Acknowledgements	p. xiii
List of Abbreviations	p. xv
Table of Cases	p. xix
Table of Statutory Material	p. xxiii
Introduction	p. 1
Background and research thesis	p. 1
International dimension of the RTD	p. 3
Why Pakistan as a case study?	p. 4
Human rights and development	p. 8
Pakistan: towards a rights-based approach to development?	p. 12
Approach of the book	p. 12
Structure of the book	p. 14
The RTD: Concept and challenges	p. 17
History, politics and concept of the RTD	p. 19
Introduction	p. 19
Historical overview	p. 19
From economic sovereignty to the RTD	p. 19
The Declaration (1986)	p. 22
The Vienna Declaration (1993)	p. 22
The current status of the RTD (2004-2007)	p. 23
Regional and national perspectives	p. 24
The politics of the RTD	p. 26
The North-South divide	p. 26
The political positions of states/groups of states	p. 27
The voting trends in the General Assembly	p. 29
The Commission on Human Rights	p. 32
Human rights in development programmes	p. 34
Conceptual basis	p. 35
The capability approach	p. 35
Capability and human rights	p. 37
List of capabilities	p. 39
Realizing capabilities through the RTD	p. 39
Islamic perspective vis-à-vis capability and human eights	p. 40
Conclusion	p. 41
The jurisprudence of the RTD	p. 43
Introduction	p. 43
Sources	p. 44
The right to self-determination	p. 44
Article 28 of the UDHR	p. 48
Articles 55 and 56 of the UN Charter	p. 49
Other international instruments	p. 51
Subjects	p. 52
State as a subject	p. 52
State as a duty-hoider	p. 53
Peoples as a subject	p. 54
Individual as a subject	p. 55
Content	p. 56
Individual right	p. 57
Collective right	p. 58
The right to a process of development	p. 59
Justiciability	p. 62
Rights and duties in analytical jurisprudence	p. 64
Rights as goats: ethical jutisprudence	p. 66
The Maastricht Guidelines	p. 68
The pluralistic foundations of human rights	p. 70
Justiciability at the national level	p. 71
Justiciability at the international level	p. 73
Rights and duties in Islamic jurisprudence	p. 74
Conclusion	p. 74
The declaration and the working groups	p. 77
Introduction	p. 77
The first working group and the drafting of the Declaration	p. 79
The working group report	p. 79
An analysis of the working group report	p. 80
The drafting of the Declaration	p. 81
The main features of the Declaration	p. 83
Unity of human rights	p. 83
Participation	p. 84
International cooperation	p. 86
The concept of development	p. 87
Sustainable development	p. 90
Weaknesses of the Declaration	p. 92
Vague and imprecise	p. 92
A compromise document	p. 93
Reference to the NIEO	p. 94
Women's rights	p. 95
Realization of the RTD	p. 96
The global consultation	p. 96
The second and third working groups	p. 98
The current status of the realization	p. 100
The independent expert and the task force	p. 100
The Development Compact	p. 101
Debate in the working group	p. 103
A critical appraisal of the Development Compact	p. 104
The high-level task force	p. 105
Evaluation of the task force reports	p. 107
Conclusion	p. 108
The RTD in international law	p. 111
The legal status of the RTD in public international law	p. 113
Introduction	p. 113
Sources of international law	p. 114
Custom	p. 115
What is meant by 'recommendation'?	p. 116
Opinio juris	p. 119
State practice	p. 122
Is the USA a 'persistent objector'?	p. 126
General principles of law	p. 128
Is the Declaration a soft law?	p. 130
The RTD and 'new sources'	p. 132
The value of the Declaration: determining factors	p. 135
Competency of General Assembly	p. 135
'The nature and content'	p. 136
'Time and circumstances'	p. 136
'Terms and intent' or language	p. 136
'Voting pattern'	p. 137
'International organization practice'	p. 137
Implementation or follow-up mechanism	p. 138
'Community values, needs and expectations'	p. 138
Conclusion	p. 140
The RTD at the national level: Pakistan as a case study	p. 143
The nature and extent of the realization of the RTD in Pakistan	p. 145
Introduction	p. 145
The political economy of Pakistan	p. 146
Economy: far from distributive justice	p. 146
Constitution-making: still a dilemma	p. 147
The national dimension of the RTD	p. 152
The Declaration	p. 152
Pakistan's role in the mainstream RTD debate	p. 153
Constitutional mechanisms versus the features of the RTD	p. 154
The nature of the constitutional obligations	p. 155
Public Interest Litigation: prospects for the RTD	p. 156
Conceptual basis	p. 156
An analysis of case law	p. 157
Right to life (Article 9)	p. 158
Prohibition of forced labour (Article 11)	p. 159
Freedom of association (Article 25): political participation	p. 161
Equality of citizens (Article 25)	p. 162
Women's rights	p. 162
Protection of the environment	p. 163
The Principles of Policy	p. 165
Problems and prospects of PIL	p. 166
Impact of the current judicial crisis	p. 167
Conclusion	p. 169
Reconceptualizing the RTD in Islamic law	p. 171
Introduction	p. 171
Shari'ah: meaning, sources and purpose	p. 171
Meaning of the Shari'ah	p. 171
Primary sources: the Qur'an and the Sunnah	p. 173
Juristic techniques	p. 175
The purpose of the Shari'ah: the doctrine of maslahah	p. 176
Maslahah and the RTD	p. 178
General relevance of maslahah to the RTD	p. 178
Human rights and Islamic law	p. 181
The challenge of cultural relativism	p. 181
How to achieve compatibility	p. 184
Islamization and the RTD in Pakistan	p. 186
Jinnah's vision of Pakistan	p. 186
The Objectives Resolution	p. 188
The Islamic provisions of the 1973 constitution	p. 189
The Islamic concept of social justice	p. 190
Zia's Islamization movement and the RTD	p. 191
The judicial system	p. 191
Economic reform	p. 193
Implications for the RTD	p. 194
The role of the judiciary	p. 197
Implications for other Muslim countries	p. 200
Conclusion	p. 201
Pakistan's Poverty-Reduction Strategy and the RTD	p. 203
Introduction	p. 203
The PRSP framework	p. 204
Introduction and background	p. 204
The guidelines	p. 205
Principles of the PRSP and the RTD	p. 207
Country ownership	p. 207
Participation	p. 209
Other principles	p. 211
Pakistan's PRSP and the RTD	p. 212
National ownership and participation	p. 212
AJP in the PRSP	p. 216
Governance	p. 217
The rule of law	p. 218
The judiciary in the RTD debate	p. 219
The guidelines and judicial reforms	p. 220
Guideline 8 and the AJP	p. 220
Importance of the right of equal access to justice	p. 220
The rationale of the AJP	p. 221
The scope of the right of equal access to justice (the guideline)	p. 222
Objectives and scope of the AJP	p. 222
Key targets and indicators	p. 224
The AJP	p. 224
Key features of a strategy for realizing the right of equal access to justice	p. 224
The AJP framework	p. 225
A comparison of the two strategies	p. 225
Evaluation of the AJP	p. 230
Conclusion	p. 251
Conclusion	p. 233
Glossary of Islamic words	p. 239
Bibliography	p. 241
Index	p. 261
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