Risk-Reduction Methods : For Occupational Safety and Health

by Jensen, Roger C.

• ISBN13: 9780470881415
• ISBN10: 0470881410
• Format: Hardcover
• Copyright: 2012-04-10
• Publisher: Wiley

Summary

This book covers system safety methods related to occupational health and safety. It argues for anticipating hazards, risk reduction strategies for hazards processes, and making sure workers tasks correspond to human capabilities. To this end, the text provides pro-active methods for identifying hazards, assessing risk, analyzing hazards, using tools from system safety, conducting post-incident investigations, considering human errors, applying risk reduction strategies, and managing process safety. While emphasizing methods suitable for all countries, it includes references to U.S. military and Department of Energy documents, as well as a discussion of fault-tree construction.

Author Biography

Roger c Jensen, JD, Phd, is Professor in the Safety, Health, and Industrial hygiene Department of Montana Tech of The University of Montana. he is a Registered Professional Engineer, Certified Professional Ergonomist, Certified Safety Professional, and Registered Attorney. Dr. Jensen was honored with a best Paper Award from Professional Safely: the Journal of the American Society of Safety Engineers

Table of Contents

Preface	p. xiii
Acknowledgments	p. xv
Background	p. 1
Multidisciplinary Perspective	p. 3
System Safety Contributions	p. 3
Public Health Contributions	p. 6
Educational Theory Contributions	p. 1
Learning Exercises	p. 9
Technical Terms	p. 10
References	p. 10
Key Terms and Concepts	p. 13
Hazard	p. 13
Risk	p. 17
Risk Reduction	p. 19
Learning Exercises	p. 20
Technical Terms	p. 22
References	p. 22
Tools for Analysis and Synthesis	p. 25
Using Models for Safety Analyses	p. 25
Using Charting Methods	p. 28
Summary of Part I	p. 33
Learning Exercises	p. 34
Technical Terms	p. 35
References	p. 36
Analysis Methods	p. 37
Analyzing Jobs and Tasks	p. 39
Basics of Job Hazard Analysis	p. 39
Implementation	p. 43
Example JHA	p. 44
Hazard Analyses Similar to JHA	p. 45
Learning Exercises	p. 47
Technical Terms	p. 48
References	p. 48
Using Risk-Assessment Methods	p. 49
Risk-Assessment Processes	p. 49
Example Risk Assessment	p. 58
Learning Exercises	p. 62
Technical Terms	p. 63
References	p. 64
Analyzing Failure Modes	p. 65
Rationale for FMEA	p. 65
Basic FMEA Methodology	p. 65
Beyond the Basics	p. 68
Learning Exercises	p. 68
Technical Terms	p. 69
References	p. 69
Constructing Fault Trees	p. 71
Introduction to Fault Trees	p. 71
Additional Fault Tree Tools	p. 80
Learning Exercises	p. 82
Technical Terms	p. 83
References	p. 84
Analyzing Fault Trees	p. 85
Quantitative Analysis Based on Fault Trees	p. 85
Identifying Cut Sets	p. 91
Finding Common-Cause Failures	p. 95
Summary of Part II	p. 97
Learning Exercises	p. 98
Technical Terms	p. 99
References	p. 99
Programmatic Methods for Managing Risk	p. 101
Incident Investigation Programs	p. 103
Closed-Loop Process	p. 104
Policy Considerations	p. 105
Investigative Processes	p. 107
Practical Tools for Incident Investigators	p. 110
Method for Modeling Harmful Incidents	p. 118
Learning Exercises	p. 120
Technical Terms	p. 121
References	p. 122
Human Error Reduction	p. 125
Concepts of Errors	p. 125
Comprehensive Classification System	p. 128
Methods for Finding Countermeasures	p. 130
Learning Exercises	p. 131
Technical Terms	p. 133
References	p. 133
Risk-Reduction Strategies	p. 135
Conceptualizing "Strategies"	p. 135
The Nine Strategies	p. 138
Priority for Applying Strategies	p. 142
Learning Exercises	p. 143
Technical Terms	p. 148
References	p. 148
Common Components of OSH Programs	p. 149
OSH Program Aspirations	p. 149
Training	p. 150
Warnings	p. 154
Safety Devices	p. 157
Emergency Preparedness	p. 159
Sanitation and Housekeeping	p. 162
Learning Exercises	p. 163
Technical Terms	p. 165
References	p. 166
Tools for Managing OSH Programs	p. 169
Safety Culture	p. 169
OSH Management System Approach	p. 173
Ethical Policies for OSH	p. 175
Summary of Part III	p. 177
Learning Exercises	p. 178
Technical Terms	p. 179
Appendix: Example Code of Professional Conduct	p. 179
References	p. 180
Risk Reduction for Energy Sources	p. 183
Kinetic Energy Hazards	p. 185
Energy in General	p. 185
Background on Kinetic Energy	p. 187
Mechanisms of Harming	p. 190
Strategies and Tactics for Kinetic Energy	p. 193
Learning Exercises	p. 198
Technical Terms	p. 199
References	p. 199
Electric Energy Hazards	p. 201
Electrical Energy as a Source of Hazard	p. 201
Mechanisms of Harming	p. 205
Strategies and Tactics for Electrical Energy	p. 208
Learning Exercises	p. 211
Technical Terms	p. 212
References	p. 213
Acoustic Energy and Vibration Hazards	p. 215
Background on Noise and Vibration	p. 215
Mechanisms of Harming	p. 218
Strategies and Tactics for Noise and Vibration	p. 221
Learning Exercises	p. 225
Technical Terms	p. 228 References
Thermal Hazards: Heat and Cold	p. 231
Background on Thermal Hazards	p. 231
Mechanisms of Harming	p. 237
Strategies and Tactics for Thermal Hazards	p. 238
Learning Exercises	p. 243
Tools for Managing OSH Programs	p. 169
Safety Culture	p. 169
OSH Management System Approach	p. 173
Ethical Policies for OSH	p. 175
Summary of Part HI	p. 177
Learning Exercises	p. 178
Technical Terms	p. 179
Appendix: Example Code of Professional Conduct	p. 179
References	p. 180
Risk Reduction for Energy Sources	p. 183
Kinetic Energy Hazard	p. 185
Energy in General	p. 185
Background on Kinetic Energy	p. 187
Mechanisms of Harming	p. 190
Strategies and Tactics for Kinetic Energy	p. 193
Learning Exercises	p. 198
Technical Terms	p. 199
References	p. 199
Electric Energy Hazards	p. 201
Electrical Energy as a Source of Hazard	p. 201
Mechanisms of Harming	p. 205
Strategies and Tactics for Electrical Energy	p. 208
Learning Exercises	p. 211
Technical Terms	p. 212
References	p. 213
Acoustic Energy and Vibration Hazards	p. 215
Background on Noise and Vibration	p. 215
Mechanisms of Harming	p. 218
Strategies and Tactics for Noise and Vibration	p. 221
Learning Exercises	p. 225
Technical Terms	p. 228 References
Thermal Hazards: Heat and Cold	p. 231
Background on Thermal Hazards	p. 231
Mechanisms of Harming	p. 237
Strategies and Tactics for Thermal Hazards	p. 238
Learning Exercises	p. 243
Technical Terms	p. 245
References	p. 245
Fire Hazards	p. 247
Fundamentals of Fire	p. 247
Mechanisms of Harming	p. 253
Strategies and Tactics for Fires	p. 254
Learning Exercises	p. 259
Technical Terms	p. 260
References	p. 261
Explosion Hazards	p. 263
Background on Explosions	p. 263
Mechanisms of Harming	p. 264
Strategies and Tactics for Explosions	p. 265
Learning Exercises	p. 270
Technical Terms	p. 271
References	p. 271
Pressure Hazards	p. 273
Overview of Pressure Hazards	p. 273
Mechanisms of Harming	p. 275
Strategies and Tactics for Pressure-Related Hazards	p. 277
Learning Exercises	p. 282
Technical Terms	p. 284
References	p. 284
Hazards of Electromagnetic Energies	p. 285
Fundamentals of Electromagnetic Energy	p. 285
Mechanisms of Harming	p. 288
Strategies and Tactics for Electromagnetic Hazards	p. 290
Learning Exercises	p. 294
Technical Terms	p. 295
References	p. 295
Hazards of Severe Weather and Geological Events	p. 297
Background	p. 297
Mechanisms of Harming	p. 299
Strategies and Tactics for Weather and Geological Events	p. 299
Summary of Part IV	p. 302
Learning Exercises	p. 303
Technical Terms	p. 303
Reference	p. 303
Risk Reduction for other Than Energy Sources	p. 305
Workplace Conditions	p. 307
Background	p. 307
Floors	p. 308
Stairways and Steps	p. 315
Ramps	p. 318
Confined Spaces	p. 319
Dusty Air	p. 321
Learning Exercises	p. 322
Technical Terms	p. 323
References	p. 324
Chemical Substances	p. 327
Major Categories of Chemicals Encountered at Work	p. 327
Mechanisms of Harming	p. 329
Strategies and Tactics for Workplace Chemicals	p. 330
Learning Exercises	p. 333
Technical Terms	p. 333
References	p. 334
Biological Agents	p. 335
Plants	p. 335
Pets	p. 336
Livestock	p. 336
Wild Animals	p. 337
Mold	p. 338
Pathogens	p. 338
Learning Exercises	p. 341
Technical Terms	p. 342
References	p. 342
Musculoskeletal Stressors	p. 343
Background	p. 343
Means by which Musculoskeletal Stressors can Harm	p. 344
Strategies and Tactics for Musculoskeletal Stressors	p. 347
Learning Exercises	p. 351
Technical Terms	p. 351
References	p. 352
Violent Actions of People	p. 353
Workplace Violence	p. 353
Terrorist Attacks	p. 357
Summary of Part V	p. 358
Learning Exercises	p. 359
Technical Terms	p. 359
References	p. 360
Index	p. 361
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