Roaming in Wireless Networks

by Siddiqui, Shahid

• ISBN13: 9780071455053
• ISBN10: 0071455051
• Edition: 1st
• Format: Hardcover
• Copyright: 2005-10-19
• Publisher: McGraw-Hill Education

Summary

Roaming charges may constitute as much as 30% of a service provider's operating profit and are a growing component of wireless revenue. This is the first book to provide communications engineers with the technological know-how to design and manage roaming services.

Author Biography

Shahid K. Siddiqui (Selangor, Malaysia) is a Principal Consultant for Agilent Technologies, Inc. in Malaysia. He has served as a Solutions Consultant for Hewlett-Packard Malaysia and Hewlett Packard India, and has been an R&D Enginneer for C-DOT Telematics, India. In each of these roles he has developed and taught technical training courses on digital switching, ATM, SDH, and wireless communications.

Table of Contents

Preface	x
Acknowledgments	xii
Chapter 1. Roaming and Wireless Networks	1	(6)
1.1 National and International Roaming	2	(1)
1.2 Interstandard Roaming	2	(1)
1.3 Prepaid and Postpaid Subscriber Roaming	3	(1)
1.4 Basic Structure of Roaming	4	(2)
1.5 Roaming Services	6	(1)
Chapter 2. CCS7 in Wireless Networks	7	(24)
2.1 Signaling—An Introduction	7	(1)
2.2 CCS7 Network Architecture	8	(2)
2.3 Message Transfer Part	10	(5)
2.3.1 MTP Level 1	10	(1)
2.3.2 MTP Level 2	10	(2)
2.3.3 MTP Level 3	12	(3)
2.4 ISDN User Part	15	(5)
2.5 Signaling Connection and Control Part	20	(6)
2.5.1 Connectionless signaling	21	(1)
2.5.2 Connection-oriented signaling	22	(1)
2.5.3 SCCP message format	23	(1)
2.5.4 SCCP routing control	24	(1)
2.5.5 SCCP management	25	(1)
2.6 Transaction Capabilities Application Part	26	(4)
2.6.1 Structure of TCAP	27	(3)
Bibliography	30	(1)
Chapter 3. Global System for Mobile Communication (GSM)	31	(52)
3.1 Brief History of Early Cellular Networks	31	(1)
3.1.1 Limitations of early cellular technologies	32	(1)
3.1.2 Roaming and early cellular networks	32	(1)
3.2 GSM Overview	32	(1)
3.3 GSM Offered Services	33	(1)
3.3.1 Bearer service	34	(1)
3.3.2 Teleservices	34	(1)
3.3.3 Supplementary services	34	(1)
3.4 System Architecture	34	(12)
3.4.1 Mobile station	35	(5)
3.4.2 Base station subsystem	40	(2)
3.4.3 Network switching system	42	(4)
3.5 GSM Interfaces and Protocols	46	(21)
3.5.1 Air interface	46	(7)
3.5.2 Abis interface	53	(6)
3.5.3 A interface	59	(3)
3.5.4 Inter-MSC signaling	62	(5)
3.6 Scenarios	67	(15)
3.6.1 Mobility management	67	(7)
3.6.2 Call establishment	74	(8)
Bibliography	82	(1)
Chapter 4. General Packet Radio Service	83	(32)
4.1 GPRS Overview	83	(1)
4.2 GPRS Services	84	(1)
4.2.1 Horizontal applications	84	(1)
4.2.2 Vertical applications	84	(1)
4.3 GPRS Network Architecture	84	(7)
4.3.1 GPRS terminals	86	(1)
4.3.2 GPRS BSS—Packet control unit	86	(1)
4.3.3 GPRS support nodes	87	(4)
4.4 Interfaces and Protocols	91	(6)
4.4.1 User plane	91	(4)
4.4.2 Signaling plane	95	(2)
4.5 GPRS Identities	97	(2)
4.5.1 P-TMSI	98	(1)
4.5.2 TLLI	98	(1)
4.5.3 NSAPI	98	(1)
4.5.4 TEID	99	(1)
4.6 GPRS Procedures	99	(14)
4.6.1 Mobility management	99	(7)
4.6.2 Session management	106	(5)
4.6.3 Security function	111	(2)
Bibliography	113	(2)
Chapter 5. Third Generation Networks	115	(22)
5.1 3G Specifications	115	(1)
5.2 UMTS Network Architecture	116	(4)
5.2.1 3GPP Release 99	117	(1)
5.2.2 Release 4 architecture	118	(1)
5.2.3 Release 5 architecture	119	(1)
5.3 UMTS Interfaces and Protocols	120	(8)
5.3.1 UTRAN interfaces and protocol structure	120	(5)
5.3.2 System network protocols	125	(3)
5.4 Example UMTS Procedures	128	(7)
5.4.1 Mobile-originated circuit-switched calls	128	(5)
5.4.2 Mobile-originated packet-switched calls	133	(2)
Bibliography	135	(2)
Chapter 6. Roaming in a GSM Network	137	(34)
6.1 Inter-PLMN Signaling Network	137	(6)
6.1.1 Inter-PLMN addressing	139	(1)
6.1.2 Address format	139	(4)
6.2 Communication Between a VPLMN VLR and an HPLMN HLR	143	(2)
6.3 Roaming Procedures	145	(16)
6.3.1 Location update in a visited network	145	(5)
6.3.2 Roamer authentication in visited network	150	(2)
6.3.3 Provide roaming number	152	(6)
6.3.4 Cancel location	158	(1)
6.3.5 Purge MS	158	(1)
6.3.6 Restore data	158	(3)
6.4 Roaming Call Scenarios	161	(3)
6.4.1 Roamer-originated call	161	(1)
6.4.2 Roamer-terminated call	161	(3)
6.5 Short Message Service (SMS)	164	(6)
6.5.1 Roamer-originated SM	164	(3)
6.5.2 Roamer-terminated SM	167	(3)
6.5.3 MAP v2 procedures	170	(1)
Bibliography	170	(1)
Chapter 7. Roaming in GPRS and 3G Networks	171	(18)
7.1 Inter-PLMN Connectivity	171	(6)
7.1.1 Inter-PLMN backbone network	172	(2)
7.1.2 Inter-PLMN data connectivity alternatives	174	(1)
7.1.3 GPRS roaming eXchange	175	(1)
7.1.4 Border gateway protocol version 4	176	(1)
7.2 Access Point Name	177	(2)
7.2.1 APN network identifier	178	(1)
7.2.2 APN operator identifier	178	(1)
7.2.3 Wild card APN	179	(1)
7.3 APN Resolution	179	(3)
7.3.1 GPRS and DNS	179	(1)
7.3.2 APN resolution using DNS in the HPLMN	180	(1)
7.3.3 APN resolution using DNS in the VPLMN	181	(1)
7.4 Roaming Scenarios	182	(6)
7.4.1 GPRS attach in a visited network	182	(2)
7.4.2 PLMN and ISP roaming	184	(1)
7.4.3 PDP context activation using HGGSN	184	(3)
7.4.4 PDP context activation using VGGSN	187	(1)
Bibliography	188	(1)
Chapter 8. Roaming Implementation for Prepaid	189	(46)
8.1 Prepaid Roaming Using USSD Callback	190	(15)
8.1.1 USSD string coding	192	(1)
8.1.2 USSD request handling—general concept	192	(1)
8.1.3 Roamer initiated USSD operation	193	(4)
8.1.4 Network initiated USSD operations	197	(6)
8.1.5 Prepaid roaming—USSD callback scenario	203	(2)
8.2 Prepaid Roaming Using CAMEL	205	(29)
8.2.1 CAMEL architecture	206	(6)
8.2.2 Points in call and detection points	212	(1)
8.2.3 CAMEL subscriber information	213	(6)
8.2.4 Basic call state model	219	(4)
8.2.5 CAMEL information flow	223	(5)
8.2.6 Prepaid roaming-CAMEL call scenario	228	(6)
Bibliography	234	(1)
Chapter 9. Inter-PLMN Roaming Testing	235	(24)
9.1 Overview of IREG Testing	235	(3)
9.1.1 Internetwork connectivity	236	(1)
9.1.2 End-to-end functional testing	237	(1)
9.2 IREG Testing—Test Setup	238	(3)
9.2.1 GSM roaming test setup	238	(1)
9.2.2 GPRS roaming test setup	239	(2)
9.3 IREG Tests	241	(14)
9.3.1 GSM basic service tests	241	(5)
9.3.2 GSM supplementary services tests	246	(2)
9.3.3 GSM SMS tests	248	(1)
9.3.4 GSM SS and ODB tests	249	(2)
9.3.5 GPRS attach	251	(1)
9.3.6 GPRS PDP context tests	251	(3)
9.3.7 GPRS SMS tests	254	(1)
9.3.8 GPRS operator control of service	254	(1)
9.3.9 Other tests	255	(1)
9.4 IREG Tester	255	(1)
Bibliography	256	(3)
Chapter 10. Roaming Service Management and Troubleshooting Faults	259	(30)
10.1 Quality of Service—General Concepts	260	(7)
10.1.1 Service-independent quality indicators	260	(1)
10.1.2 Service-dependent quality indicators	261	(1)
10.1.3 Quality indicators by services	262	(5)
10.2 Roaming Service Quality	267	(1)
10.3 Proactive Service Monitoring	267	(6)
10.3.1 Roaming service monitoring using active probes	269	(3)
10.3.2 Roaming service monitoring using passive probes	272	(1)
10.4 Troubleshooting Roaming Faults	273	(15)
10.4.1 Common network problems	273	(1)
10.4.2 Information gathering on symptoms	274	(1)
10.4.3 Diagnostic tools	275	(1)
10.4.4 Understanding protocol errors	276	(12)
Bibliography	288	(1)
Chapter 11. Billing and Settlement	289	(10)
11.1 Roaming Billing Standards	289	(1)
11.2 Transferred Account Procedures	290	(5)
11.2.1 TAP3 and earlier versions	291	(1)
11.2.2 TAP-in and TAP-out processes	292	(1)
11.2.3 Reject and return process	292	(3)
11.3 Role of Clearinghouses	295	(2)
Bibliography	297	(2)
Chapter 12. Roaming Value-Added Services	299	(14)
12.1 Optimal Routing	300	(6)
12.1.1 Implementation	300	(6)
12.2 Welcome and Other Information SMS	306	(2)
12.2.1 Implementation	306	(2)
12.3 Short Dial Codes	308	(1)
12.3.1 Implementation	308	(1)
12.4 Missed-Call Information While Roaming	308	(4)
12.4.1 Implementation	310	(2)
12.5 Other Services	312	(1)
Chapter 13. Roaming—Current and Future Enhancements	313	(8)
13.1 WLAN Overview	313	(2)
13.2 PLMN-WLAN Roaming	315	(1)
13.3 WLAN-PLMN Interworking	316	(2)
13.3.1 WLAN UE	316	(1)
13.3.2 AAA server	317	(1)
13.3.3 Packet data gateway	317	(1)
13.4 Roaming Scenarios	318	(1)
Bibliography	319	(2)
Index	321