SAT II : Biology E/M - The Best Test Preparation for the Scholastic Assessment Test II

by Gregory, Linda, Ph.D.; Sandusky, Thomas; Sharma, Rashmi Diana; Stone, Judith A.; Taylor, Cindy Coe, Ph.D.; Templin, Jay M.; Wolfe, Clarence C., Ph.D.; Uhland, William

• ISBN13: 9780878911783
• ISBN10: 0878911782
• Format: Paperback
• Copyright: 2001-08-01
• Publisher: Research & Education Assn

Summary

Master the SAT II Biology E/M Subject Test and score higher... Our test experts show you the right way to prepare for this important college exam. REA''s SAT II Biology E/M test prep covers all biology topics to appear on the actual exam including in-depth coverage of cell processes, genetics, fungi, plants, animals, human biological functions, and more. The book features 6 full-length practice SAT II Biology E/M exams. Each practice exam question is fully explained to help you better understand the subject material. Use the book''s glossary for speedy look-ups and smarter searches.Follow up your study with REA''s proven test-taking strategies, powerhouse drills and study schedule that get you ready for test day.DETAILS- Comprehensive review of every biology topic to appear on the SAT II subject test- Flexible study schedule tailored to your needs- Packed with proven test tips, strategies and advice to help you master the test- 6 full-length practice SAT II Biology E/M Subject tests. Each test question is answered in complete detail with easy-to-follow, easy-to-grasp explanations.- The book''s glossary allows for quicker, smarter searches of the information you need mostTABLE OF CONTENTSINTRODUCTION: PREPARING FOR THE SAT II: BIOLOGY E/M SUBJECT TEST About the SAT II: Biology E/MFormat of the SAT II: Biology E/MAbout this BookHow to Use this BookTest-Taking TipsStudy Schedule Scoring the SAT II: Biology E/MScoring WorksheetThe Day of the TestCHAPTER 1 - CHEMISTRY OF LIFE General ChemistryDefinitionsChemical BondsAcids and BasesChemical ChangesLaws of ThermodynamicsOrganic ChemistryBiochemical PathwaysPhotosynthesisCellular RespirationATP and NADThe Respiratory Chain (Electron Transport System)Anaerobic PathwaysMolecular GeneticsDNA: The Basic Substance of GenesCHAPTER 2 - THE CELLCell Structure and FunctionProkaryotic CellsEukaryotic CellsExchange of Materials Between Cell and EnvironmentCellular DivisionEquipment and TechniquesUnits of MeasurementMicroscopesCHAPTER 3 - GENETICS: THE SCIENCE OF HEREDITY Mendelian GeneticsDefinitionsLaws of GeneticsPatterns of Inheritance, Chromosomes, Genes, and AllelesThe Chromosome Principle of InheritanceGenes and the EnvironmentImproving the SpeciesSex ChromosomesSex-linked CharacteristicsInheritance of DefectsModern GeneticsHow Living Things are ClassifiedCHAPTER 4 - A SURVEY OF BACTERIA, PROTISTS, AND FUNGIDiversity and Characteristics of the Monera Kingdom ArchaebacteriaEubacteriaThe Kingdom Protista The Kingdom FungiCHAPTER 5 - A SURVEY OF PLANTS Diversity, Classification, and Phylogeny of the Plant Kingdom Adaptations to Land The Life Cycle (Life History): Alternation of Generations in PlantsAnatomy, Morphology, and Physiology of Vascular PlantsTransport of Food in Vascular PlantsPlant TissuesReproduction and Growth in Seed PlantsPhotosynthesisPlant Hormones: Types, Functions, Effects on Plant Growth Environmental Influences on Plants and Plant Responses to StimuliCHAPTER 6 - ANIMAL TAXONOMY AND TISSUESDiversity, Classification, and PhylogenySurvey of Acoelomate, Pseudocoelomate, Protostome, and Deuterostome Phyla Structure and Function of Tissues, Organs, and SystemsAnimal TissuesNerve TissueBloodEpithelial TissueConnective (Supporting) TissueCHAPTER 7 - DIGESTION/NUTRITIONThe Human Digestive SystemIngestion and DigestionDigestive System DisordersHuman NutritionCarbohydratesFatsProteinsVitaminsCHAPTER 8 - RESPIRATION AND CIRCULATION Respiration in HumansBreathingLung DisordersRespiration in Other OrganismsCirculation in HumansBloodLymphCirculation of BloodTransport Mechanisms in Other OrganismsCHAPTER 9 - THE ENDOCRINE SYSTEMThe Human Endocrine SystemThyroid GlandParathyroid GlandPituitary GlandPancreasAdrenal GlandsPineal GlandThymus GlandSex GlandsHormones of the Alimentary CanalDisorders of the Endocrine SystemThe Endocrine System in Other OrganismsCHAPTER 10 - THE NERVOUS SYSTEM The Nervous SystemNeuronsNerve ImpulseSynapseReflex ArcThe Human Nervous SystemThe Central Nervous SystemT

Table of Contents

Introduction	xiii
Preparing For The Sat II: Biology E/M Subject Test	xv
About the SAT II: Biology E/M	xv
Format of the SAT II: Biology E/M	xvi
About this Book	xvii
How to Use this Book	xvii
Test-Taking Tips	xviii
Study Schedule	xx
Scoring the SAT II: Biology E/M	xxi
Scoring Worksheet	xxi
The Day of the Test	xxii
Chemistry of Life	1	(24)
General Chemistry	3	(7)
Definitions	3	(1)
Chemical Bonds	4	(2)
Acids and Bases	6	(1)
Chemical Changes	7	(1)
Laws of Thermodynamics	7	(1)
Organic Chemistry	7	(3)
Biochemical Pathways	10	(7)
Photosynthesis	12	(1)
Cellular Respiration	13	(2)
ATP and NAD	15	(1)
The Respiratory Chain (Electron Transport System)	16	(1)
Anaerobic Pathways	17	(1)
Molecular Genetics	17	(8)
DNA: The Basic Substance of Genes	17	(8)
The Cell	25	(18)
Cell Structure and Function	27	(12)
Prokaryotic Cells	27	(1)
Eukaryotic Cells	28	(4)
Exchange of Materials Between Cell and Environment	32	(3)
Cellular Division	35	(4)
Equipment and Techniques	39	(4)
Units of Measurement	39	(1)
Microscopes	39	(4)
Genetics - The Science of Heredity	43	(12)
Mendelian Genetics	45	(3)
Definitions	45	(1)
Laws of Genetics	46	(2)
Patterns of Inheritance, Chromosomes, Genes, and Alleles	48	(1)
The Chromosome Principle of Inheritance	48	(1)
Genes and the Environment	49	(1)
Improving the Species	49	(1)
Sex Chromosomes	49	(6)
Sex-linked Characteristics	50	(1)
Inheritance of Defects	50	(2)
Modern Genetics	52	(2)
How Living Things are Classified	54	(1)
A Survey of Bacteria, Protists, and Fungi	55	(12)
Diversity and Characteristics of the Monera Kingdom	57	(8)
Archaebacteria	57	(1)
Eubacteria	57	(8)
The Kingdom Protista	65	(1)
The Kingdom Fungi	66	(1)
A Survey of Plants	67	(12)
Diversity, Classification, and Phylogeny of the Plant Kingdom	69	(1)
Adaptations to Land	70	(1)
The Life Cycle (Life History): Alternation of Generations in Plants	70	(1)
Anatomy, Morphology, and Physiology of Vascular Plants	70	(3)
Transport of Food in Vascular Plants	71	(1)
Plant Tissues	72	(1)
Reproduction and Growth in Seed Plants	73	(5)
Photosynthesis	74	(3)
Plant Hormones: Types, Functions, Effects on Plant Growth	77	(1)
Environmental Influences on Plants and Plant Responses to Stimuli	78	(1)
Animal Taxonomy and Tissues	79	(10)
Diversity, Classification, and Phylogeny	81	(1)
Survey of Acoelomate, Pseudocoelomate, Protostome, and Deuterostome Phyla	81	(1)
Structure and Function of Tissues, Organs, and Systems	82	(7)
Animal Tissues	82	(2)
Nerve Tissue	84	(1)
Blood	85	(1)
Epithelial Tissue	85	(1)
Connective (Supporting) Tissue	86	(3)
Digestion/Nutrition	89	(12)
The Human Digestive System	91	(4)
Ingestion and Digestion	92	(2)
Digestive System Disorders	94	(1)
Human Nutrition	95	(6)
Carbohydrates	95	(1)
Fats	96	(1)
Proteins	96	(1)
Vitamins	96	(5)
Respiration and Circulation	101	(14)
Respiration in Humans	103	(4)
Breathing	104	(1)
Lung Disorders	105	(1)
Respiration in Other Organisms	105	(2)
Circulation in Humans	107	(4)
Blood	108	(3)
Lymph	111	(1)
Circulation of Blood	111	(1)
Transport Mechanisms in Other Organisms	112	(3)
The Endocrine System	115	(10)
The Human Endocrine System	117	(8)
Thyroid Gland	118	(1)
Parathyroid Gland	118	(1)
Pituitary Gland	118	(1)
Pancreas	119	(1)
Adrenal Glands	120	(1)
Pineal Gland	120	(1)
Thymus Gland	120	(1)
Sex Glands	121	(1)
Hormones of the Alimentary Canal	121	(2)
Disorders of the Endocrine System	123	(1)
The Endocrine System in Other Organisms	123	(2)
The Nervous System	125	(12)
The Nervous System	127	(3)
Neurons	127	(1)
Nerve Impulse	128	(1)
Synapse	128	(2)
Reflex Arc	130	(1)
The Human Nervous System	130	(3)
The Central Nervous System	130	(2)
The Peripheral Nervous System	132	(1)
Some Problems of the Human Nervous System	133	(1)
Relationship Between the Nervous System and the Endocrine System	133	(1)
The Nervous Systems In Other Organisms	134	(3)
Sensing The Environment	137	(10)
Components of Nervous Coordination	139	(8)
Photoreceptors	139	(1)
Vision Defects	140	(2)
Chemoreceptors	142	(1)
Mechanoreceptors	143	(2)
Receptors in Other Organisms	145	(2)
The Excretory System	147	(10)
Excretion in Humans	149	(4)
Skin	149	(1)
Lungs	150	(1)
Liver	150	(1)
Urinary System	151	(2)
Excretory System Problems	153	(1)
Excretion in Other Organisms	153	(4)
The Skeletal System	157	(8)
The Skeletal System	159	(3)
Functions	159	(1)
Growth and Development	160	(1)
Axial Skeleton	160	(1)
Appendicular Skeleton	161	(1)
Articulations (Joints)	161	(1)
The Skeletal Muscles	162	(3)
Functions	162	(1)
Structure of a Skeletal Muscle	163	(1)
Mechanism of a Muscle Contraction	163	(2)
Human Pathology	165	(14)
Diseases of Humans	167	(12)
How Pathogens Cause Disease	167	(1)
Host Defense Mechanisms	168	(3)
Diseases Caused by Microbes	171	(3)
Sexually Transmitted Diseases	174	(1)
Diseases Caused by Worms	175	(1)
Other Diseases	175	(4)
Reproduction and Development	179	(14)
Reproduction	181	(4)
Reproduction in Humans	183	(2)
Development	185	(8)
Stages of Embryonic Development	185	(4)
Reproduction and Development in Other Organisms	189	(4)
Evolution	193	(10)
The Origin of Life	195	(3)
Evidence for Evolution	195	(1)
Historical Development of the Theory of Evolution	196	(2)
The Five Principles of Evolution	198	(1)
Mechanisms of Evolution	199	(1)
Mechanisms of Speciation	200	(1)
Evolutionary Patterns	200	(1)
How Living Things Have Changed	200	(3)
The Record of Prehistoric Life	200	(1)
Geological Eras	201	(1)
Human Evolution	201	(2)
Behavior	203	(8)
Behavior of Animals	205	(3)
Learned Behavior	205	(1)
Innate Behavior	206	(1)
Voluntary Behavior	207	(1)
Plant Behavior	208	(1)
Behavior of Protozoa	208	(1)
Behavior of Other Organisms	208	(1)
Drugs and Human Behavior	209	(2)
Patterns of Ecology	211	(28)
Ecology	213	(1)
Populations	213	(4)
Life History Characteristics	214	(1)
Population Structure	215	(2)
Population Dynamics	217	(1)
Communities	217	(5)
Components of Communities	217	(1)
Interactions within Communities	218	(2)
Consequences of Interactions	220	(2)
Ecosystems	222	(2)
Definitions	222	(1)
Energy Flow Through Ecosystems	222	(2)
Biogeochemical Cycles	224	(9)
Hydrological Cycle	225	(1)
Nitrogen Cycle	226	(1)
Carbon Cycle	226	(2)
Phosphorus Cycle	228	(1)
Types of Ecosystems	229	(4)
Human Influences on Ecosystems	233	(4)
Use of Non-renewable Resources	233	(1)
Use of Renewable Resources	234	(2)
Use of Synthetic Chemicals	236	(1)
Suggested Readings	237	(2)
PRACTICE TESTS	239	(256)
Biology-E Practice Tests
SAT II: Biology E/M Practice Test 1	241	(46)
SAT II: Biology E/M Practice Test 2	287	(40)
SAT II: Biology E/M Practice Test 3	327	(52)
Biology-M Practice Tests
SAT II: Biology E/M Practice Test 4	379	(38)
SAT II: Biology E/M Practice Test 5	417	(38)
SAT II: Biology E/M Practice Test 6	455	(40)
Answer Sheets	495