Scaffolding Emergent Literacy: A Child-Centered Approach for Preschool Through Grade 5

by Soderman, Anne K.; Gregory, Kara M.; O'Neill, Louise T.

• ISBN13: 9780205279890
• ISBN10: 0205279899
• Format: Paperback
• Copyright: 1999-01-01
• Publisher: Allyn & Bacon

Summary

This user-friendly text offers a sensitive approach to helping children become more strategic in their building of literacy skills and concepts. Underscored by rich child development theory, developmentally appropriate practices, and sound research, the text offers a comprehensive array of literacy activities to support children's emergent to fluent literacy from the preprimary years through the fifth grade. Each strategy is paired with a classroom demonstration, and samples of children's work are included. Unlike many literacy texts that treat assessment as an afterthought, Creating Literacy Connections provides in-depth coverage of highly effective assessment and evaluation strategies. This book offers numerous classroom-based, child-centered measurement tools as well as a useful description of the most common standardized tests being used for diagnostic purposes. Portfolio implementation and student-led celebrations are also highlighted.

Table of Contents

Preface	xi
Acknowledgments	xiii
PART I Setting the Stage: Appropriate Practices, Processes, and Contexts
Developing Literacy in the Young Child: Antecedents, Transactions, and Outcomes	1	(20)
Antecedents in Developing Literacy	2	(5)
Chronological Age Differences	2	(1)
Gender Differences	3	(1)
Variations in Brain Organization	4	(2)
Sociocultural Influences	6	(1)
Transactions: Theoretical Transformations in the Home and School Contexts	7	(11)
A Theoretical Perspective for Developing Literacy	7	(5)
Developmentally Appropriate Practices	12	(1)
Current Approaches to Literacy Practice in the Primary Classroom: How Developmentally Appropriate Are They?	13	(3)
Integrating Learning Across the Curriculum	16	(1)
The Role of Technology in Literacy Development	16	(2)
Outcomes: Measuring Literacy Growth in a Developmentally Appropriate Context	18	(1)
Final Thoughts	19	(1)
Challenge Yourself	20	(1)
Suggested Sources for Additional Information	20	(1)
Popular Software for Children	20	(1)
Literacy Links and Processes	21	(6)
A Look at Literacy	21	(1)
A Glimpse of Literacy: Philosophies and Definitions	21	(1)
Language and Literacy	22	(1)
Oral Language	22	(2)
Written Language	24	(1)
Functions of Oral and Written Language	24	(1)
Oral Language Functions	24	(1)
Written Language Functions	25	(1)
Concepts of Written Language	25	(2)
Methods of Organizing Literacy Instruction	27	(1)
CRITICAL CORE COMPONENTS OF LITERACY	27	(48)
The Role of Oral Language	27	(2)
The Role of Phonological Awareness	29	(4)
The Role of Print	33	(8)
The Role of Word Awareness	33	(1)
Knowledge about Words	33	(1)
Concepts about Words	34	(1)
The Role of Alphabet Knowledge	34	(1)
The Role of Writing	35	(1)
Production of Print	36	(2)
The Role of Books in the Classroom	38	(2)
The Role of Comprehension	40	(1)
The Entire Process: Concepts and Skills for Literacy	41	(2)
Final Thoughts	43	(1)
Challenge Yourself	43	(1)
Suggested Sources for Additional Information	43	(1)
Organizations	43	(1)
Organizing for Literacy	44	(22)
Exploring the Literate Environment	44	(1)
The Physical Structure: Classroom Design and Layout	45	(3)
Spatial Areas	45	(1)
Literacy Props	45	(3)
Creating Spatial Areas	48	(1)
Places to Learn and Explore	49	(3)
The Classroom Library	49	(1)
Writing Center	49	(1)
Dramatic Play Area	50	(1)
Block Area	50	(1)
Storytelling Area	50	(1)
Puzzles and Manipulatives	50	(1)
Science Area	51	(1)
Structural Support: Materials for a Literate Environment	52	(4)
The Print-Rich Classroom	52	(2)
Summarizing the Print-Rich Environment	54	(2)
The Structure of Time	56	(6)
Integrating Subject Matter	56	(1)
Planning Your Day	56	(1)
Routines: Guiding and Facilitating Instruction	57	(1)
Structural Components: The Key Pieces of the Literacy Puzzle	58	(4)
Structuring Connections: Linking Home and School	62	(2)
The Teacher Role	62	(1)
The Connecting Piece: Strengthening Parental Support	62	(2)
Final Thoughts	64	(1)
Challenge Yourself	65	(1)
Suggested Sources for Additional Information	65	(1)
PART II Linking Theory and Practice: Recipes for Success
Emerging Literacy: A Nurturing Classroom Context	66	(9)
Exploring the Emerging Phase of Literacy	66	(5)
Emerging Reading Behaviors	67	(1)
Emerging Writing Behaviors	68	(1)
Emerging Speaking, Listening, and Viewing Behaviors	68	(2)
Play and Emerging Literacy	70	(1)
Emerging Literacy Resources	71	(4)
Phonological and Phonemic Awareness	71	(1)
Concepts about Print	72	(1)
Alphabetic Knowledge	72	(1)
Word Awareness	72	(1)
The Adult's Role in Emerging Literacy	72	(1)
Guidelines to Support Emerging Literacy	72	(3)
CLASSROOM APPLICATIONS TO SUPPORT EMERGING LITERACY	75	(28)
Language Experience Approach (LEA)	75	(2)
Scaffolded Writing	77	(2)
Planning Play ``Sets'' with Children	79	(2)
Shared Reading	81	(2)
Journal Writing	83	(2)
Pocket Chart Songs and Chants	85	(1)
Daily Message---Daily News	86	(2)
Using Nursery Rhymes	88	(1)
Surprise Box	89	(1)
Labeling the Classroom	90	(1)
Name Games	91	(2)
Final Thoughts	93	(1)
Challenge Yourself	93	(1)
Suggested Sources for Additional Information	93	(1)
Additional Classroom Resources: Children's Technology	93	(1)
Early Literacy: A Supportive Classroom Context	94	(9)
Children in the Early Primary Grades: Primed for Developing the ``Tools of the Tribe''	94	(9)
The Adult's Role in Early Literacy: Strategies for Providing Needed Support	95	(5)
Children Who Experience Literacy Problems	100	(3)
CLASSROOM APPLICATIONS TO SUPPORT EARLY LITERACY	103	(29)
Interactive Charts	103	(1)
Word Wall	104	(2)
Guided Reading/Supported Reading	106	(1)
Read-Alouds	107	(1)
Book Making and Other Creative Writing	108	(1)
Making Words	109	(2)
Challenge Words	111	(1)
Retellings	112	(2)
Story Mapping	114	(1)
Theme/Concept Charts	115	(1)
Interactive Journals	116	(1)
Process Writing	117	(2)
Self-Selected Reading	119	(1)
Onsets and Rimes/Word Families	120	(1)
Author's Chair and Author's Night	121	(2)
Final Thoughts	123	(1)
Challenge Yourself	123	(1)
Suggested Sources for Additional Information	123	(2)
Children's Technology	124	(1)
Moving toward Fluency: Developing Greater Self-Efficacy in Litercy	125	(7)
Almost There: Children on Their Way to Fluency	125	(5)
Fluent Readers	126	(2)
The Fluent Writer	128	(1)
Those Who Just Are Not ``Getting It'': Children with Learning Problems and Disabilities	129	(1)
The Role of the Teacher in Developing Learning Contexts That Promote Continued Skill and Concept Attainment	130	(2)
CLASSROOM APPLICATIONS TO MOVE CHILDREN TOWARD FLUENCY	132	(87)
Spelling Pattern Recognition Teams	132	(1)
Buddy Biographies	133	(2)
Graphic Organizers	135	(3)
Language Detectives	138	(2)
Reader's Theater	140	(2)
Directed Reading/Thinking Activity (DRTA)	142	(1)
Writer's Workshop with Peer Conferencing	143	(4)
Response Journals and Logs	147	(3)
KWHLH	150	(2)
SQ3R	152	(2)
Sort, Search, and Discover (SSD)	154	(4)
Literacy Circles	158	(3)
Final Thoughts	161	(1)
Challenge Yourself	161	(1)
Suggested Resources for Additional Information	162	(1)
Books	162	(1)
Children's Technology	162	(1)
PART III Evaluating and Directing Learning: A Reflective Process
Documenting Skills and Competencies	163	(24)
A Quality Assessment Package: What Does It Look Like?	164	(1)
Developmentally Appropriate Assessment and Evaluation	164	(1)
Principled Data Gathering	165	(1)
Assessing Language and Literacy Acquisition	165	(13)
Becoming a Kidwatcher: Systematic Observation	165	(2)
Recording Inferences, Judgments, and Reflections: Rating Scales and Rubrics	167	(2)
Home Observation for Measurement of the Environment (HOME)	169	(1)
Assessing Reading Accuracy and Comprehension	170	(4)
Assessing Spelling and Writing Acquisition Skills	174	(4)
Self-Appraisal by the Child	178	(2)
The Status of Standardized Testing	180	(5)
The Test of Auditory Comprehension of Language---Revised (TACL-R)	183	(1)
Peabody Picture Vocabulary Test---Revised (PPVT-R)	183	(1)
Preschool Language Scale---3 (PLS-3)	183	(1)
Test of Early Language Development (TELD-2)	183	(1)
Woodcock Johnson Psychoeducational Battery---Revised (WJ-R)	184	(1)
The New Sucher-Allred Reading Placement Inventory	184	(1)
Kaufman Test of Educational Achievement (K-TEA)	184	(1)
Test of Auditory Analysis Skills (TAAS)	184	(1)
Auditory Discrimination Test	185	(1)
Final Thoughts	185	(1)
Challenge Yourself	185	(1)
Suggested Sources for Additional Information	186	(1)
Portfolios and Student-Led Conferencing: Celebrating the Stages of Development	187	(32)
Portfolios: Empowering the Learner	187	(2)
What Is a Portfolio?	188	(1)
The Benefits of Portfolios	188	(1)
The Portfolio Approach: Stepping in the Right Direction	189	(6)
Portfolios: How Do They Work?	189	(1)
Portfolio Collections: What Goes in Them?	190	(5)
Types of Portfolios	195	(2)
Home Portfolios	196	(1)
Preschool Portfolios	196	(1)
Child Care Portfolios	196	(1)
Professional Portfolios	196	(1)
Working Portfolios	196	(1)
Showcase Portfolios	197	(1)
Digital Portfolios	197	(1)
Portfolios in the Classroom: Getting Started	197	(4)
Introducing the Portfolio Concept	197	(1)
Portfolios: Managing Storage and Time	197	(2)
Here We Go...Implementing Portfolios	199	(2)
Portfolio Evaluation: Reflecting and Responding	201	(4)
Teaching Self-Reflection	201	(4)
Teaching Goal Setting	205	(1)
Sharing the Portfolio: A Celebration of Learning	205	(12)
Preparing for the ``Big Day''	210	(4)
Student Preparation	214	(1)
Role Playing with Older Students	214	(1)
Student-Led Conferencing Procedures and Goals	215	(1)
Scheduling Conferences	216	(1)
Parents and Portfolios	216	(1)
Final Thoughts	217	(1)
Challenge Yourself	218	(1)
Suggested Sources for Additional Information	218	(1)
Organizations	218	(1)
Appendix A Alphabetical Listing of the First Thousand Words for Children's Reading	219	(4)
References	223	(10)
Index	233