Scholastic Humanism and the Unification of Europe, Volume II The Heroic Age

by Southern, R. W.; Smith, Lesley; Ward, Benedicta

• ISBN13: 9780631191124
• ISBN10: 0631191127
• Edition: 1st
• Format: Hardcover
• Copyright: 2001-01-17
• Publisher: Wiley-Blackwell

Summary

This is the second of the three volumes comprising, Scholastic Humanism and the Unification of Europe. Focussing on the period from c.1090-1212, the volume explores the lives, scholarly resources, and contributions of a wide sample of people who either took part in the creation of the scholastic system of thought or gave practical effect to it in public life. The second volume of a compelling, original work which will redefine our perceptions of medieval civilization, the renaissance and the evolution of modern Europe. Written by a man who was widely regarded as the greatest medieval historian.

Author Biography

R. W. Southern is a Fellow of the British Academy and an Honorary Fellow of Balliol, Exeter, and St John's College, Oxford, and of Sidney Sussex College, Cambridge. He was President of St John's College, Oxford, from 1969 to 1981. He was Chichele Professor of Modern History at the University of Oxford from 1961 to 1969, and is a past President of the Selden Society and the Royal Historical Society. His publications include: The Making of the Middle Ages (1953), Western Views of Islam in the Middle Ages (1962), Western Society and the Church in the Middle Ages (1970), Robert Grosseteste (1986), and St Anselm: a Portrait in a Landscape (1990).

Table of Contents

Preface	x
Abbreviations and short titles	xi
PART THREE -- THE STRUGGLES OF SCHOLARS IN THE SCHOOLS	1	(148)
Introduction	3	(4)
Rupert of Deutz: A Voice of the Past	7	(18)
The two worlds in western Europe	7	(1)
Rupert's life, work, and world	8	(6)
Rupert's conflicts with the schools	14	(7)
Rupert's encounter with Norbert	14	(4)
Rupert confronts Anselm of Laon	18	(3)
The final grandeur of events	21	(1)
Ceremonies and symbols versus definitions and system	22	(3)
Master Anselm of Laon: the Master of Future Masters	25	(11)
The grounds of his scholastic fame	25	(3)
The master, the city, and the school	28	(1)
The development of his teaching	29	(3)
Master Anselm's contribution to the study of the Bible: the origin of the Glossa ordinaria	32	(1)
The completion of the Glossa by Master Anselm's successors	33	(3)
Master Anselm and the Origins of Systematic Theology	36	(13)
The scholastic routine: from glosses to sententiae	36	(3)
A student's collection of sententiae	39	(1)
Master Anselm's questions and answers	40	(3)
The bridge between the monastic past and the scholastic future	43	(4)
Summing up	47	(2)
Stumbling Towards System, c. 1100-1160	49	(7)
From sentences to system	49	(2)
Early collections of sententiae	51	(3)
British Library, MS Arundel 173	52	(1)
The Liber Pancrisis	53	(1)
The years between 1130 and 1160	54	(2)
Hugh of St Victor: A Systematic Genius Before his Time	56	(10)
His origin and scholarly beginnings	56	(1)
Towards a systematic world-view	57	(2)
Master Hugh in his classroom	59	(2)
Hugh's projected lectures on God in human history	61	(4)
Preliminaries	61	(1)
The stages of Creation and Re-Creation	61	(4)
Hugh's ambiguous position in scholastic development	65	(1)
Scholars at the Frontiers of Knowledge: William of Conches and Thierry of Chartres	66	(24)
William of Conches	67	(12)
His Philosophia mundi, c. 1110-1145	67	(3)
The division of functions in the human brain	70	(3)
The problem of the Anima mundi	73	(1)
William of Conches's losing struggle	74	(3)
The final version of Philosophia mundi: Dragmaticon	77	(1)
William of Conches and Adelard of Bath	77	(2)
Thierry of Chartres	79	(10)
Thierry on Rhetoric	80	(1)
Thierry on the Trinity	80	(2)
Thierry on the Creation	82	(2)
Thierry's anonymous pupil	84	(2)
Thierry's mathematical explanation of the Trinity	86	(2)
Summing up	88	(1)
Conclusion	89	(1)
Abelard at the Frontier of Logic and Theology	90	(26)
Introduction	90	(3)
Abelard's new beginning	93	(2)
Logic and the Holy Trinity	95	(9)
An unexpected source of opposition (Walter of Mortagne)	104	(8)
The enlargement of theology	112	(4)
The Decisive Battles of the 1140s	116	(17)
The road to conflict	116	(3)
The first battle: St Bernard and Abelard	119	(2)
The background to the first battle: William of St Thierry and St Bernard	121	(2)
The second battle: St Bernard and Gilbert de la Porree	123	(7)
The background	123	(4)
St Bernard's attack on Gilbert de la Porree	127	(1)
The case against Gilbert de la Porree at Reims in 1148	128	(2)
The significance of 1148	130	(3)
Peter Lombard: The Great Achiever	133	(16)
Introduction	133	(1)
The continuing problem of organization	134	(3)
Peter Lombard comes to Paris	137	(1)
Peter Lombard's patron: Odo (or Otto), Bishop of Lucca	138	(2)
Peter Lombard's career and work in Paris, c. 1138-1160	140	(1)
A comparison between his work and that of Bishop Odo of Lucca	141	(3)
Odo's Summa Sententiarum	141	(1)
Peter's Four Books of Sentences	142	(2)
Summing-up	144	(5)
PART FOUR -- THE STRUGGLES OF SCHOLARS IN THE WORLD	149	(70)
Introduction	151	(4)
Master Vacarius: A Roman Lawyer in English Government, c.1145 to c.1200	155	(12)
The legend and the reality	155	(3)
Why, and when, did Archbishop Theobald bring Vacarius to England?	158	(1)
The Liber pauperum	159	(1)
Vacarius in the archiepiscopal province of York	160	(2)
Vacarius' later writings	162	(5)
De assumpto homine	162	(1)
De matrimonio	163	(1)
A plea for orthodoxy	164	(3)
John of Salisbury: A Scholar at Large in Government	167	(11)
The end of his school-years	167	(1)
His transference to the world of government	168	(10)
His journeys to the papal curia	171	(1)
John's routine duties in the archbishop's household	172	(1)
John's application of learning to practical needs	172	(6)
The two Peters of Blois in the Schools and in Government	178	(41)
Introduction	178	(2)
Their relationship and personalities	180	(1)
The two Peters of Blois in the schools, c.1140-1165	181	(5)
c.1140-c.1150: studying literature and letter-writing at Tours	182	(2)
c.1150-c.1155: studying Roman law at Bologna	184	(1)
c.1155-c.1165: the Younger Peter studies theology in Paris	185	(1)
The younger Peter's search for employment, 1165-1174	186	(4)
His strengths and weaknesses	186	(2)
1165-1174: his struggle for survival in the great world	188	(1)
The Sicilian adventure, 1168-1170	189	(1)
A light in the gloom	189	(1)
Stability then uncertainty for the younger Peter	190	(6)
Chancellor of Richard, archbishop of Canterbury, 1174-1184	190	(1)
Peter renews contact with his namesake	191	(1)
1184: months of uncertainty and his letter-collection	192	(2)
Peter's continuing revision of his letter-collection	194	(2)
Peter and the third Crusade	196	(1)
Peter in the service of Baldwin, archbishop of Canterbury, 1184-1190	197	(2)
Peter and the call for a Crusade	199	(5)
Peter and the Archbishop of Canterbury on Crusade	201	(2)
Peter's difficulties after returning from the Crusade	203	(1)
Peter writes a last letter to his namesake	204	(2)
The two Peters of Blois as Poets	206	(1)
The letters and the world of Peter's old age	207	(9)
Epilogue: the letter-collection marches on	216	(3)
Index	219