School Crisis Prevention and Intervention

by Kerr, Mary M.

• ISBN13: 9780131721760
• ISBN10: 0131721763
• Edition: 1st
• Format: Paperback
• Copyright: 2008-01-31
• Publisher: Pearson

Summary

Preparation. Prevention. Intervention. What can you do to prepare for a potential crisis in your school? This daunting question is addressed in Mary Margaret Kerrrs"sSchool Crisis Prevention and Intervention. As a respondent to over 1,000 school-related crises, Kerr provides a realistic and detailed guide to approaching school crises at all stages, from preparation and prevention to intervention and recovery. Following a four-phase conceptual framework, Kerr walks you through the planning and implementation of crisis prevention and response and provides you with the tools necessary to develop a crisis prevention and intervention toolkit specific to your school.

Table of Contents

An Overview of Crisis Prevention and Intervention	p. 1
A Model for School Crisis Prevention and Intervention	p. 2
Mitigation/Prevention	p. 3
Crisis Preparation	p. 6
Crisis Response	p. 8
Recovery	p. 11
Summary	p. 13
Discussion and Application Ideas	p. 13
References	p. 14
Crisis Planning	p. 15
Case Study	p. 15
The Goals of Crisis Planning	p. 15
Developing Crisis Policies	p. 17
Elements of a Comprehensive Crisis Plan	p. 20
Policy and Procedures: An Illustration	p. 22
Common Problems in Crisis Planning	p. 27
Technology's Role in Crisis Planning	p. 28
Summary	p. 31
Case Study Conclusion	p. 31
Discussion and Application Ideas	p. 32
References	p. 33
Crisis Team Preparation	p. 34
Case Study	p. 34
Crisis Team Members	p. 35
Crisis Leadership Team	p. 36
Community Members of the Crisis or Public Safety Team	p. 37
School Crisis Team Coordinator	p. 38
Mental Health Specialist	p. 39
Other School Employees	p. 40
Initial Crisis Team Training	p. 43
Orientation and Introductions	p. 43
Initial Training	p. 44
Contents of a Crisis Response "Go-Kit"	p. 48
Drills	p. 51
Initial Calls and Briefings	p. 52
Refresher Training	p. 53
Common Problems in Crisis Team Preparation	p. 53
Evaluating the Response and Improving the Plan	p. 55
Supporting a Crisis Team	p. 56
Basic Supports	p. 56
Rotations	p. 56
Employee Assistance Services	p. 57
Summary	p. 57
Case Study Conclusion	p. 57
Discussion and Application Ideas	p. 58
References	p. 59
Crisis Communications	p. 60
Case Study	p. 60
The Goals of Crisis Communications	p. 61
Preparing for Crisis Communications	p. 62
Using Technology to Facilitate Initial Crisis Communications	p. 65
Setting Up a Crisis Hotline	p. 66
Communications During a Crisis	p. 66
Callout Procedures for the Crisis Team and Agency Personnel	p. 66
Informing School Personnel	p. 67
Informing Students	p. 68
Informing Parents	p. 69
Holding a Parent Meeting	p. 69
Rumor Control	p. 72
Confidentiality Concerns	p. 72
Working with Media Representatives	p. 72
Understanding Media Goals, Limitations, and Deadlines	p. 73
Creating and Maintaining the Message	p. 73
Media Interviews	p. 75
Summary	p. 76
Case Study Conclusion	p. 76
Discussion and Application Ideas	p. 77
References	p. 78
Prevention, Mitigation, and Response for Accidents and Illnesses	p. 79
Case Study	p. 79
Introduction	p. 80
Assessing School Health Conditions	p. 81
Preventing Accidents on the Way to and from School	p. 82
Preventing Accidents at School	p. 84
Environmental Hazards	p. 85
Respiratory Emergencies	p. 87
Asthma	p. 87
Food Allergies	p. 87
Risky Behaviors	p. 89
Suicidal Behavior	p. 90
Age	p. 90
Gender, Race, and Sexual Orientation	p. 90
Method	p. 90
Risk Factors and Precipitants Associated with Youth Suicide	p. 91
Mental Illness	p. 91
Depression	p. 91
Anxiety Disorders	p. 91
Drug or Alcohol Abuse	p. 92
Family Mental Illness	p. 92
Family Discord	p. 92
Exposure to the Suicidality of Others	p. 92
Behavioral Indicators	p. 93
Crisis Intervention for a Medical Emergency	p. 93
General Procedures	p. 93
Special Circumstances	p. 95
Continuing Exposure to a Disease, Bacteria, or Virus	p. 95
Suicide Contagion	p. 96
Summary	p. 97
Case Study Conclusion	p. 97
Discussion and Application Ideas	p. 98
References	p. 98
Prevention, Mitigation, and Response for Violence	p. 100
Case Study	p. 100
Introduction	p. 101
School Safety Assessment	p. 101
Assessing Perceptions About School Safety	p. 103
Reviewing Policies and Procedures	p. 104
Assessing Physical Security	p. 104
School Violence Prevention	p. 104
Crime Prevention Through Environmental Design	p. 105
Prevention Through Security Measures and Interactions	p. 105
Threat Assessment	p. 106
School Climate and Staff Supervision	p. 110
Bullying or Peer Harassment	p. 110
Identifying Those at Risk for Involvement as Bullies or Victims	p. 111
Individual Crisis Responses	p. 112
Schoolwide Crisis Responses	p. 114
Supporting Students After a Violent Incident	p. 118
Crisis Responding After a Crime Has Been Committed	p. 120
Safeguarding the School Community When the Threat Continues	p. 120
Summary	p. 122
Case Study Conclusion	p. 123
Discussion and Application Ideas	p. 123
References	p. 124
Prevention, Mitigation, and Response for Disasters	p. 126
Case Study	p. 126
Introduction	p. 126
Preparation, Prevention, and Mitigation	p. 126
Awareness and Assessment	p. 127
Preparation Activities for Students	p. 127
Disaster Response: How External Agencies Are Involved	p. 128
Disaster Recovery: Acknowledgment, Expression, and Reengagement	p. 130
Acknowledgment	p. 130
Expression of Feelings	p. 131
Reengagement with School	p. 132
Typical Reactions to Disasters	p. 133
Young Children's Reactions	p. 134
Elementary School Children's Reactions	p. 135
Adolescents' Reactions	p. 135
Adult Reactions	p. 136
Supporting Disaster Victims Through School-Based Counseling	p. 136
Summary	p. 136
Case Study Conclusion	p. 137
Discussion and Application Ideas	p. 138
References	p. 138
Recovery: Psychological Supports in a Crisis	p. 140
Case Study	p. 140
Introduction	p. 140
Understanding the Traumatic Experience	p. 141
Typical Indicators of Helplessness, Fear, and Horror	p. 142
School-Based Supports for Students	p. 142
Reassurance Provided by Teachers, Parents, and Paraprofessionals	p. 143
Psychological First Aid Provided by Trained Responders	p. 143
Group Interventions	p. 147
Psychological Debriefing	p. 147
Acute Stress Reaction Disorder	p. 150
Posttraumatic Stress Disorder	p. 151
Traumatic Grief	p. 153
Supporting Students and Their Families	p. 155
Summary	p. 155
Case Study Conclusion	p. 156
Discussion and Application Ideas	p. 156
References	p. 157
Recovery: Postvention Following a Death	p. 159
Case Study	p. 159
Postvention Following Suicide: Preventing Contagion	p. 160
An Overview of the Postvention Process	p. 161
Verifying the Death	p. 161
Contacting the Victim's Family	p. 166
Safeguarding the Victim's Belongings	p. 167
Following the Schedule of the Deceased	p. 167
Group Interventions	p. 167
One-Time Educational Support Group	p. 168
Informal Student-Initiated Groups	p. 169
Individual Screening	p. 169
General Guidelines	p. 169
Funeral Plans	p. 171
Postvention in Other Schools	p. 171
Communications	p. 171
Suicide Contagion and the Media	p. 172
Supporting the Postvention Team	p. 172
Evaluation and Follow-Up	p. 173
Memorials	p. 173
Memorials Following a Suicide	p. 173
Student-Initiated Memorials	p. 174
Community Considerations	p. 175
Yearbook Memorials	p. 175
Graduation Activities After a Death	p. 178
Anniversary Dates	p. 178
Summary	p. 179
Case Study Conclusion	p. 179
Discussion and Application Ideas	p. 180
References	p. 180
Recovery: Supporting School Crisis Responders	p. 182
Case Study	p. 182
Introduction	p. 182
Risk Factors for Burnout	p. 182
Burnout and Compassion Fatigue	p. 184
Supporting Crisis Responders	p. 185
The Paradoxical Rewards of Crisis Responding	p. 189
Summary	p. 189
Case Study Conclusion	p. 189
Discussion and Application Ideas	p. 191
References	p. 192
Name Index	p. 193
Subject Index	p. 197
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