School Social Work : Theory to Practice

by Bye, Lynn; Alvarez, Michelle

• ISBN13: 9780534547974
• ISBN10: 0534547974
• Edition: 1st
• Format: Paperback
• Copyright: 2006-05-09
• Publisher: Cengage Learning

Summary

Translate current research and theory into practice with SCHOOL SOCIAL WORK! With coverage of best practices, ecological and strengths perspectives, and cultural competence, this social work text prepares you for practice in the school setting. Examples and case studies clarify concepts, techniques and strategies and the Book Companion Website provides you with links to relevant website resources and tutorial quizzing.

Table of Contents

Introduction	xvii
PART 1 SCHOOL SOCIAL WORK: HISTORY AND CONTEXTS	1	(64)
History of School Social Work	2	(19)
Gary Lee Shaffer
Chapter Overview	2	(1)
Introduction: Antecedents of School Social Work Services	3	(3)
The Common School Movement	3	(1)
Compulsory Attendance	4	(1)
Child Labor Legislation	4	(1)
Migration and Immigration	4	(1)
The Progressive Movement and the Social Welfare Efforts in the Schools	5	(1)
Convergence of Education and Social Work	6	(1)
Schools at the Turn of the 20th Century	6	(1)
Visiting Teachers---The Beginning of School Social Work	7	(3)
Formation of a National Association	8	(1)
Skills Reflective of Early Social Work Practice	9	(1)
The Commonwealth Fund Expands Practice in the Schools	9	(1)
Promising Practices in the 1920s	10	(2)
From the Depression to the Cold War---1930 to 1960	12	(2)
A Search for More Effective Practice Roles and Models---1960 to the Present	14	(3)
Summary	17	(4)
School Social Work and Educational Reform	21	(20)
Joseph R. Gianesin
Chapter Overview	21	(1)
Introduction	22	(1)
Demand for Educational Reform	22	(1)
Understanding School Reform	23	(1)
Background: Four Waves of School Reform	23	(4)
Structural School Reform	23	(1)
Service System Reform	24	(1)
Systemic Reform	25	(1)
Comprehensive School Reform	26	(1)
No Child Left Behind Act (2001)	27	(3)
NCLB and the IDEA	30	(3)
Criticisms of NCLB and School Reform	31	(2)
School Reform From a School Social Work Perspective	33	(1)
School Reform and School Social Work	33	(1)
School Social Work's Response to School Reform	34	(1)
The New School Social Worker	35	(2)
Best Practice in an Era of Reform	37	(1)
Summary	38	(3)
Ecological Perspective for School Social Work Practice	41	(10)
Kendra J. Garrett
Chapter Overview	41	(1)
Introduction: What Is a Conceptual Framework?	42	(1)
Ecology Theory	42	(1)
Concepts in the Ecological Framework	43	(1)
Culture in an Ecological Framework	44	(1)
Best Practices and the Ecological Perspective	45	(1)
The Ecology of School Social Work	46	(5)
Assessment	47	(1)
Interventions	47	(1)
Summary	48	(3)
The Many Facets in the Role of a School Social Worker	51	(14)
William C. Lee
Chapter Overview	51	(1)
Introduction: ``Art and Science''	52	(1)
Ecological Framework and the Role of the School Social Worker	53	(1)
Clinical Roles	54	(2)
Multidisciplinary Team Member and Broker Roles	56	(1)
Educator and Behavioral Coach Roles	56	(2)
Case Manager Role	58	(1)
Advocate Role	59	(1)
Transitional Planner Role	60	(2)
Policymaker Role	62	(1)
Summary	63	(2)
PART 2 SCHOOL SOCIAL WORK: POLICY, COMMUNITY, AND ORGANIZATIONAL PRACTICE	65	(56)
School Social Work at the Policy and Community Level	66	(16)
Jan Wilson
Chapter Overview	66	(1)
Introduction	67	(1)
Social Work Code of Ethics and Policy	68	(1)
Social Work Values and Policy	68	(1)
Macro Practice, Social Justice, and School Social Work	68	(1)
Macro Practice and Cultural Competence	69	(1)
Macro Social Work Practice Methods	70	(8)
Community Social Work	71	(2)
Organizational Social Work	73	(1)
Societal Social Work	74	(4)
Best Practice and School Social Work Macro Practice	78	(1)
Summary	79	(3)
School Social Work at the School Organization Level	82	(23)
Andy Frey
Hill Walker
Chapter Overview	82	(1)
Introduction	83	(1)
School-Based Organizational-Level Interventions	84	(9)
Early Screening	89	(1)
Violence Prevention	90	(1)
Schoolwide Discipline/Rules and Behavioral Expectations	90	(1)
Conflict Resolution and Social Problem Solving	90	(1)
Peer Mediation	91	(1)
Character Education	91	(1)
Anti-Bullying Interventions	92	(1)
School Reform	93	(1)
Cultural Inclusiveness	93	(1)
Classroom Management Practices	93	(2)
Preventative Classroom Management	93	(1)
Operant Learning Strategies	94	(1)
Roles for School Social Workers at the Organizational Level	95	(5)
Schoolwide Service Coordinator	95	(2)
Assessor	97	(2)
Advocate	99	(1)
Trainer	99	(1)
Intervention Coordinator	100	(1)
Summary	100	(5)
Community Schools: New Roles for Social Work Practitioners	105	(16)
Jane Quinn
Chapter Overview	105	(1)
Introduction	106	(1)
Community Schools From a National Perspective	106	(6)
Basic Definitions	106	(1)
Underlying Research Base	107	(1)
National Influences	108	(1)
Differences Between the Various Community Schools Models	109	(3)
One Community School Model (The Children's Aid Society, New York City)	112	(4)
Overview and Goals	112	(2)
Results to Date	114	(1)
Expansion Strategy	115	(1)
The Critical Role of Social Workers in CAS Community Schools	115	(1)
Implications for Social Work Practice Nationally	116	(2)
Summary	118	(3)
PART 3 SCHOOL SOCIAL WORK: SMALLER SYSTEMS PRACTICE	121	(74)
School Social Work With Families	122	(19)
Lynn Bye
Chapter Overview	122	(1)
Introduction: Importance of Family Involvement	123	(1)
Families Are Influential	123	(1)
Children Do Better in School When Families Are Involved	124	(1)
The Law Requires Family Involvement	124	(1)
School Social Work and Family Involvement	124	(3)
Connecting With Community Agencies	125	(1)
Connecting Families With Teachers	126	(1)
Connecting Families With Other Families	126	(1)
Models of Family Involvement	127	(1)
Cultural Competence	127	(2)
Working With Culturally Diverse Families	128	(1)
Working With Homeless Families	128	(1)
Assessment	129	(2)
Problem-Solving and Solution-Focused Approaches to Assessment	129	(2)
Best and Promising Strategies for Involving Families	131	(3)
Families and Schools Together	131	(1)
Multisystemic Therapy	131	(1)
School Development Program	132	(1)
Home Visits	132	(1)
Families and Homework: Teachers Involve Parents in Schoolwork	133	(1)
Family Group Conferencing	133	(1)
Relationship Building With Families	134	(2)
Welcoming Environment	135	(1)
Summary	136	(5)
School Social Work With Individuals and Small Groups	141	(23)
Elizabeth Tracy
Kathleen Usaj
Chapter Overview	141	(1)
Introduction	142	(1)
Unique Features of School-Based Social Work Practice	142	(1)
Individual and Classroom-Based Assessments	143	(6)
Child Maltreatment	144	(1)
Suicidal Ideation	144	(1)
Other Mental Health Assessments	145	(4)
School Team Assessments	149	(3)
Evidenced-Based Interventions With Individuals and Groups	152	(5)
Self-Management Interventions	153	(1)
Social-Emotional Behavioral Interventions	154	(1)
Contracting	155	(1)
Classroom Behavior Management Procedures	155	(1)
Cognitive Behavioral Therapy	156	(1)
Social Skills Training	157	(1)
Group Work With Students in Schools	157	(3)
General Guidelines for Leading Small Groups	158	(2)
Positive Behavior Interventions and Support	160	(1)
Macro Practice Skills With Individuals and Groups	160	(1)
Summary	161	(3)
School Social Work and Crisis Intervention	164	(11)
Donna Secor
Chapter Overview	164	(1)
Introduction	165	(1)
Scene of the Trauma	165	(3)
Initial Interventions	168	(1)
Most Impacted or Primary Survivors	168	(1)
Small Group Interventions	169	(1)
Classroom Presentations	170	(1)
Serving as a Resource for Staff	171	(1)
Serving as a Resource for Parents	172	(1)
Follow-Up	172	(1)
Summary	173	(2)
Consultation in School Social Work	175	(20)
Joseph R. Gianesin
Chapter Overview	175	(1)
Introduction	176	(1)
Why Consultation?	176	(1)
Historical Perspective and Definition	176	(1)
School Social Work Consultation	177	(1)
Effective Consultant Skills and Knowledge	177	(3)
Multicultural Perspective	178	(1)
Effective Communicators	178	(1)
Consultation Theory	178	(1)
Behavioral Techniques	179	(1)
Developmental Knowledge	179	(1)
Working Knowledge of DSM-IV	179	(1)
Staff Development and Community Resource Knowledge	180	(1)
Consultant Roles	180	(2)
The Consultation Process	182	(1)
Consulting With Teachers, Parents, and Administrators	183	(6)
Consulting With Teachers	184	(4)
Principal and Administrator Consultation	188	(1)
Consulting With Parents and Family Members	189	(1)
Dealing With Resistance	190	(2)
Summary	192	(3)
PART 4 SCHOOL SOCIAL WORK: KEY ISSUES AND CONSIDERATIONS FOR PRACTICE	195	(92)
Confidentiality in the Schools	196	(16)
Sandra Kopels
Chapter Overview	196	(1)
Introduction	197	(1)
Terms Related to Confidentiality	197	(1)
Why We Discuss Confidentiality in the Schools	198	(1)
Ethical Complications in Maintaining Confidentiality	199	(2)
Legal Requirements Regarding Confidentiality	201	(3)
Education Records	201	(1)
Special Education Records	202	(1)
HIPAA	202	(1)
State Late	203	(1)
Situations That Complicate Maintaining Confidentiality	204	(5)
Child Abuse and Neglect Reporting	204	(1)
The Duty to Warn	205	(1)
Harm to Others	206	(2)
Harm to Self	208	(1)
Best Practices in Maintaining or Disclosing Student Information	209	(1)
Summary	210	(2)
Incorporating Best Practices	212	(13)
David R. Dupper
Chapter Overview	212	(1)
Introduction: What Are ``Best Practices''?	213	(1)
Steps in Evidenced-Based Practices	213	(4)
Step 1: Become Motivated to Apply Evidenced-Based Practice	213	(1)
Step 2: Formulate a Searchable Practice Question	214	(1)
Step 3: Conduct a Comprehensive and Efficient Practice Effectiveness Search of Reputable Resources	214	(1)
Step 4: Critically Analyze the Practice Effectiveness Research Literature in Terms of Validity, Reliability, and Usefulness	215	(1)
Step 5: Obtain Informed Consent and Apply the Evidenced-Based Intervention	215	(1)
Step 6: Evaluate the Outcome of the Intervention Against Performance Criteria	216	(1)
Step 7: Teach Others to Do Evidenced-Based Practice	216	(1)
Cultural Diversity and Best Practice	217	(2)
Best Practices and Social Work Values and Ethics	219	(1)
Best Practices in Prevention Approaches	219	(1)
Best Practice Guidelines for Interventions	220	(1)
Challenges Implementing Best Practices in Schools	221	(1)
Summary	222	(3)
Research and Evaluation of School Social Work Practice	225	(23)
Melissa Jonson-Reid
Chapter Overview	225	(1)
Introduction: Why Is Research Part of Best Practice?	226	(1)
The Ecological Perspective and School Social Work Research	227	(1)
Culturally Competent Assessment and Research	227	(1)
Consuming Research	228	(2)
Researching Need and Data	229	(1)
Building on Similar Evaluation Methods	229	(1)
Conducting Research	230	(4)
Defining Real-World, Measurable Outcomes	230	(2)
Who Is the Audience for My Research?	232	(2)
Confidentiality and Human Subjects	234	(1)
Conducting an Evaluation	235	(5)
What Is a Needs Assessment?	235	(2)
How Do I Assess Individual and Group Treatment Outcomes?	237	(2)
How Do I Evaluate Programs or Services?	239	(1)
Process Information and Interpreting Results	240	(1)
Special Issues	241	(3)
Summary	244	(4)
Legal Issues in School Social Work	248	(13)
Gaylon J. Nettles
Chapter Overview	249	(1)
Introduction	249	(1)
Law, Rule, Policy, and Ethical Codes Defining Practice	249	(2)
Law, Code, and Statutes	250	(1)
Rules	250	(1)
Policy	251	(1)
Ethical Codes	251	(1)
Access Issues for Students and School Social Work Practice	251	(4)
Compulsory School Attendance	252	(1)
Student Due Process	252	(1)
Homeless Children and Youth	253	(1)
Migrant Children, Children With Limited English Proficiency, and Children of Immigrant Families	254	(1)
Exceptional Children	255	(1)
Gatekeepers for Referrals: Implications in Law	255	(3)
Health Care Professionals	255	(1)
Law Enforcement	256	(1)
Teachers	256	(1)
Parents	257	(1)
Records Privacy	258	(1)
Reporting of Child Abuse and Neglect	259	(1)
Summary	260	(1)
School Social Work Practice With Students With Disabilities	261	(26)
James P. Clark
Charlene Thiede
Chapter Overview	262	(1)
Introduction: Best and Promising Practices in Special Education	263	(1)
Equal Educational Opportunity for Students With Disabilities	264	(2)
The First Step: Federal Support	264	(1)
The Courts Support the Struggle for Equal Access	264	(1)
Civil Rights Legislation for Individuals With Disabilities Impacts Schools	264	(1)
FAPE Mandated for-Students With Disabilities in 1975	265	(1)
Key Provisions of P.L. 94-142, the Education of All Handicapped Children Act	266	(3)
Free and Appropriate Public Education	266	(1)
Least Restrictive Environment	266	(1)
Individualized Education Program	267	(1)
Parent Participation in Decision Making	267	(1)
The Right to Special Education and Related Services	267	(1)
The Rights of Young Children to Special Education and Early Intervention	268	(1)
Rights of Students With Disabilities Extended in a New IDEA	268	(1)
Special Education Laws and Regulations Call for and Define Social Work Services	268	(1)
Special Education Mandates Impact School Social Work Practice	269	(2)
School Social Worker Assessments in Special Education	271	(1)
Cultural and Linguistic Differences and Disability	272	(2)
Social Work Assessment Activities Engage Families	273	(1)
The New Era of Results	274	(3)
Students With Disabilities and School Discipline Policies	274	(1)
Implications for Best Practices in Assessment and Intervention	275	(2)
Functional Behavioral Assessments and Behavior Intervention Plans	277	(6)
Discussion of Case Example	277	(4)
Behavior Intervention Plans May Include Direct Social Work Services to Students	281	(2)
Summary	283	(4)
PART 5 SCHOOL SOCIAL WORK: EMERGING TRENDS AND LOOKING AHEAD TO THE FUTURE	287	(42)
Technology and School Social Work	288	(10)
Brenda Coble Lindsey
Margaret King White
Chapter Overview	288	(1)
Introduction	289	(1)
Best and Promising Practices	289	(3)
Animated Cartoon Character Software and Narrative Therapy	289	(1)
Social Stories and Interactive Children's Software	290	(1)
Card Maker Software Programs	291	(1)
Video and Digital Cameras	291	(1)
Video Clubs for Professional Development	291	(1)
Digital Cameras	292	(1)
Microsoft PowerPoint Presentations	292	(1)
Instant Messaging	292	(1)
Technology Uses in Assessment and Data Collection	292	(3)
Adaptive Behavior	292	(1)
Functional Behavior Assessment	293	(1)
Single-Case Research	293	(1)
Policy Advocacy	294	(1)
Acceptable Use Policy	294	(1)
Cultural Competence and Technology	294	(1)
Application of Strengths-Based Practice and Technology	295	(1)
Summary	296	(2)
The Transition from Student to School Social Worker	298	(12)
Michelle Alvarez
Chapter Overview	298	(1)
Introduction	299	(1)
State School Social Work Licensure/Certification	299	(1)
National Certification	300	(1)
Finding Employment	301	(6)
Resume Writing	301	(1)
Professional Portfolio	302	(1)
Networking	303	(1)
Professional Organizations	304	(1)
State-Level Professional Organizations	304	(1)
Regional-Level Professional Organizations	305	(1)
National-Level Professional Organizations	305	(1)
School Social Work Association of America	306	(1)
Cultural Competence	307	(1)
Application of Theory to Practice After Graduation	307	(1)
Summary	308	(2)
International School Social Work	310	(19)
Marion Huxtable
Chapter Overview	310	(1)
Introduction	311	(1)
Social Workers Meet the Needs of Schoolchildren	311	(2)
History, Growth, and Current Status of School Social Work in the World	313	(3)
The Role of the School Social Worker and Its Variations	316	(1)
Professional Titles	317	(2)
The Aegis of School Social Work	319	(1)
Issues for School Social Work as an International Profession	320	(1)
Articulating the Unique Role of School Social Work	320	(3)
Professionalizing School Social Work	322	(1)
Best and Promising Practices	323	(1)
International Action in School Social Work: Cultural Competence	323	(1)
Technology and International School Social Work	324	(2)
Summary	326	(3)
Index	329