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9780387988351

Measurement Errors and Uncertainties: Theory and Practice

by ;
  • ISBN13:

    9780387988351

  • ISBN10:

    0387988351

  • Edition: 2nd
  • Format: Paperback
  • Copyright: 1999-12-01
  • Publisher: Springer Verlag

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Summary

From reviews of the first edition:"Extremely useful to metrologissts and to anyone interested in measurement errors"Measurement Science and Technology"I suggest that every technical library should own a copy of Measurement Errors. Serious experimentalists whose interests are broad will surely want to examine the book with the intent of buying it"Applied Mechanics ReviewA practical reference on theory and methods of estimating measurement errors and uncertainty for scientists and engineers in industry and experimental research. Building from the fundamentals of measurement theory, the book offers a wealth of practial recommendations and procedures. It differs from the majority of books in that it balances coverage of probabilistic methods with detailed information on the characterization, calibration, standardization and limitations of mesuring instruments, with specific examples from both electrical and mechanical systems, making the book useful to both the theorist and experimentalist In addition to a general updating to include current research, new material in this edition includes increased coverage of indirect measurements, with a new, simpler,more efficient method for this class of measurements. Rabinovich was head of the Laboratory of Theoretical Metrology at the All-Union State Research Institute of Metrology in the former Soviet Union. His theory of galvanometrical self-balancing instruments led to the creation of numerous new measuring devices.

Author Biography

Semyon G. Rabinovich was head of the Laboratory of Theoretical Metrology at the All-Union State Research Institute of Metrology in the former Soviet Union.

Table of Contents

Preface v
General Information About Measurements
1(30)
Basic Concepts and Terms
1(2)
Metrology and the Basic Metrological Problems
3(8)
Initial Points of the Theory of Measurements
11(5)
Classification of Measurements
16(5)
Classification of Measurement Errors
21(3)
Principles of Estimation of Measurement Errors and Uncertainties
24(2)
Presentation of Results of Measurements: Rules for Rounding Off
26(3)
Basic Conventional Notations
29(2)
Measuring Instruments and Their Properties
31(34)
Types of Measuring Instruments
31(3)
The Concept of an Ideal Instrument: Metrological Characteristics of Measuring Instruments
34(4)
Standardization of the Metrological Characteristics of Measuring Instruments
38(12)
Some Suggestions for Changing Methods of Standardization of Errors of Measuring Instruments and Their Analysis
50(5)
Dynamic Characteristics of Measuring Instruments and Their Standardization
55(5)
Statistical Analysis of the Errors of Measuring Instruments Based on Data Provided by Calibration Laboratories
60(5)
Prerequisites for the Analysis of the Inaccuracy of Measurements and for Synthesis of Their Components
65(31)
Relationship Between Error and Uncertainty
65(2)
Classification of Elementary Errors
67(1)
Mathematical Models of Elementary Errors
68(2)
Methods for Describing Random Quantities
70(4)
Construction of the Composition of Uniform Distributions
74(5)
Universal Method for Constructing the Composition of Distributions
79(7)
Natural Limits of Measurements
86(10)
Statistical Methods for Experimental Data Processing
96(22)
Requirements for Statistical Estimations
96(1)
Estimation of the Parameters of the Normal Distribution
97(3)
Outlying Results
100(2)
Construction of Confidence Intervals
102(3)
Methods for Testing Hypotheses About the Form of the Distribution Function of a Random Quantity
105(3)
Methods for Testing Sample Homogeneity
108(6)
Estimation of the Parameters of Nonnormal Distributions
114(2)
Example: Analysis of Measurement Results in Comparisons of Measures of Mass
116(2)
Direct Measurements
118(45)
Relation Between Single and Multiple Measurements
118(3)
Identification and Elimination of Systematic Errors
121(6)
Estimation of Elementary Errors
127(5)
Method for Calculating the Errors and Uncertainties of Single Measurements
132(4)
Example: Calculation of Uncertainty in Voltage Measurements Performed with a Pointer-Type Voltmeter
136(6)
Method for Calculating the Uncertainty in Multiple Measurements
142(12)
Comparison of Different Methods for Combining Systematic and Random Errors
154(4)
Essential Aspects of the Estimation of Measurement Errors when the Number of Measurements Is Small
158(2)
General Plan for Estimating Measurement Uncertainty
160(3)
Indirect Measurements
163(34)
Basic Terms and Classification
163(1)
Correlation Coefficient and its Calculation
164(2)
The Traditional Method of Experimental Data Processing
166(4)
Shortcomings of the Traditional Method
170(2)
The Method of Reduction and its Place in the Theory of Indirect Measurements
172(2)
Errors and Uncertainty of Indirect Measurement Results
174(5)
An Indirect Measurement of the Electrical Resistance of a Resistor
179(4)
The Measurement of the Density of a Solid Body
183(3)
The Measurement of Ionization Current by the Compensation Method
186(3)
The Measurement of Power at High Frequency
189(1)
The Measurement of Voltage with the Help of a Potentiometer and a Voltage Divider
190(4)
Calculation of the Uncertainty of the Value of a Compound Resistor
194(3)
Combined Measurements
197(18)
General Remarks About the Method of Least Squares
197(2)
Measurements with Linear Equally Accurate Conditional Equations
199(2)
Reduction of Linear Unequally Accurate Conditional Equations to Equally Accurate Conditional Equations
201(1)
Linearization of Nonlinear Conditional Equations
202(2)
Examples of the Applications of the Method of Least Squares
204(5)
Determination of the Parameters in Formulas from Empirical Data and Construction of Calibration Curves
209(6)
Combining the Results of Measurements
215(18)
Introductory Remarks
215(1)
Theoretical Principles
215(4)
Effect of the Error of the Weights on the Error of the Weighted Mean
219(2)
Combining the Results of Measurements in Which the Random Errors Predominate
221(1)
Combining the Results of Measurements Containing both Systematic and Random Errors
222(8)
Example: Measurement of the Activity of Nuclides in a Source
230(3)
Calculation of the Errors of Measuring Instruments
233(26)
The Problems of Calculating Measuring Instrument Errors
233(1)
Methods for Calculating Instrument Errors
234(11)
Calculation of the Errors of Electric Balances (Unique Instrument)
245(3)
Calculation of the Error of ac Voltmeters (Mass-Produced Instrument)
248(7)
Calculation of the Error of Digital Thermometers (Mass-Produced Instrument)
255(4)
Problems in the Theory of Calibration
259(20)
Types of Calibration
259(2)
Estimation of the Errors of Measuring Instruments in Verification
261(4)
Rejects of Verification and Ways to Reduce Their Number
265(7)
Calculation of a Necessary Number of Standards
272(7)
Appendix 279(6)
Glossary 285(4)
References 289(4)
Index 293

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The New copy of this book will include any supplemental materials advertised. Please check the title of the book to determine if it should include any access cards, study guides, lab manuals, CDs, etc.

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