A Framework for Evaluating Contemporary Healthcare Information | |
Integrating Drug Information, Literature Evaluation, and Biostatistics to Provide Evidence-Based Pharmaceutical Care | p. 2 |
The Triad of Skills | p. 4 |
Integrating the Skill Triad into Routine Clinical Situations | p. 6 |
Asking and Answering Drug Information Questions | p. 13 |
A Systematic Approach to Providing Drug Information | p. 14 |
Putting It all Together-Practicing the Systematic Approach | p. 31 |
Ethics and Legalities of Providing Drug Information | p. 35 |
Tools for Evaluating Contemporary Healthcare Information | |
Overview of Research Designs Used to Answer Drug Information Questions | p. 44 |
Descriptive Research Designs | p. 45 |
Observational Research Designs | p. 46 |
Randomized Controlled Trial Study Designs | p. 56 |
Pharmacoeconomics Study Designs | p. 61 |
Systematic Reviews | p. 62 |
Applying the Results from Healthcare Research Designs | p. 64 |
Biostatistics Concepts-The Building Blocks for Evaluating Biostatistical Methods in Clinical Research | p. 68 |
Properties of Variables | p. 71 |
Distributions of Numbers | p. 73 |
Describing Data | p. 76 |
Foundations of Statistical Inference | p. 83 |
Probability | p. 86 |
Probability Distributions | p. 91 |
Sampling Distributions | p. 97 |
Hypothesis Testing | p. 101 |
Putting It All Together-Understanding the Rationale for Statistical Inference | p. 106 |
Effect Size of Statistically Significant Differences | p. 107 |
Critical Appraisal of Evidence Derived from Cases | p. 111 |
Case Study and Case Series Designs | p. 112 |
The Case-Control Study Design | p. 113 |
Expressing Associations Using Case-Control Study Designs | p. 115 |
Analyzing Nominal and Ordinal Data | p. 119 |
How to Evaluate Evidence from a Case-Control Study | p. 132 |
Critical Appraisal of Evidence Derived from Cohorts and Surveys | p. 141 |
Cohort Study Design | p. 142 |
How to Evaluate Evidence from a Cohort Study Design | p. 144 |
Relationships among Variables | p. 149 |
Cross-Sectional Study Design | p. 160 |
How to Evaluate a Cross-Sectional Study | p. 162 |
Critical Appraisal of Evidence Derived from Randomized Controlled Clinical Trials | p. 168 |
Types of Randomized Controlled Clinical Trials | p. 170 |
Methodological Considerations | p. 177 |
How to Evaluate Evidence from a Clinical Trial Design | p. 192 |
How a Pharmacist Might Use Critical Evaluation of RCTs to Provide Drug Information | p. 200 |
Critical Appraisal of Evidence Derived from Pharmacoeconomics Studies | p. 205 |
The Pharmacoeconomics Question | p. 206 |
The Research Question and General Information | p. 210 |
Costs and Outcomes | p. 212 |
Types of Pharmacoeconomics Analyses | p. 215 |
Evidence and Data Collection | p. 221 |
External Validity and Application to the Pharmacoeconomics Question | p. 234 |
Critical Appraisal of Evidence Derived from Systematic Reviews | p. 237 |
Quantitative Systematic Reviews (Meta-Analyses) | p. 238 |
How to Evaluate a Meta-Analysis | p. 253 |
Qualitative Systematic Reviews | p. 259 |
Clinical Decision Making Using Contemporary Healthcare Information | |
Evaluating and Implementing Practice Guidelines | p. 266 |
Limitations of Implementing Clinical Practice Guidelines | p. 268 |
Methods for Clinical Practice Guideline Development | p. 269 |
Evaluating Clinical Practice Guidelines | p. 273 |
The Pharmacist's Role in Implementing Guidelines | p. 282 |
Using Practice Guidelines to Make Clinical Decisions | p. 284 |
Keeping Current with the Medical Literature-Becoming an Information Master | p. 289 |
A Patient Centered Strategy for Distilling Clinically Relevant Information | p. 290 |
Foraging through the Medical Literature | p. 295 |
Maintaining Literature Evaluation Skills | p. 300 |
Drug Information Tables | p. 303 |
Statistical Tables | p. 310 |
Reprints of Critiqued Articles | p. 317 |
Glossary | p. 345 |
Index | p. 358 |
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