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9780821361955

Enhancing Job Opportunities

by ; ; ; ; ;
  • ISBN13:

    9780821361955

  • ISBN10:

    0821361953

  • Format: Paperback
  • Copyright: 2005-11-28
  • Publisher: World Bank
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Summary

This publication examines labour market developments and policies for promoting job opportunities and reducing unemployment in the countries of eastern Europe and the former Soviet Union during their transition from centrally planned to market economies. Issues discussed include: how the transition process has affected the labour market and those hardest hit by developments; the progress of different countries in the region, and public policy options for job creation.

Table of Contents

Foreword xiii
Acknowledgments xvii
Acronyms and Abbreviations xix
Overview
1(60)
Changing Labor Markets in the Region
5(14)
The Drivers of Labor Demand during the Transition
19(5)
The Role of the Region's Policy and Institutions
24(15)
The Policy Challenge: Promoting Job Creation in the Region
39(22)
Main Labor Market Developments during the Transition
61(46)
An Economically Diverse Region with Differing Labor Markets
61(2)
Unemployment and Underemployment: Major Economic and Social Problems
63(25)
Rebounding Real Wages, but Widening Wage Differentials
88(5)
The Changing Nature of Jobs during the Transition
93(4)
Labor Market Outcomes: Disappointing during the Transition?
97(2)
Summary: Key Stylized Facts on Labor Market Transition in the Region
99(8)
Macroeconomic Policy, Output, and Employment: Is There Evidence of Jobless Growth?
107(18)
The Employment-Output Link during the Different Phases of the Transition
108(6)
Any Role for Macropolicy to Influence the Employment-Output Link?
114(4)
Summing Up: Employment Prospects in CEE and CIS Countries
118(7)
Restructuring, Productivity, and Job Creation
125(30)
The Required Transformation of the Transition Economies and Progress So Far
126(5)
What Is the Role of Firm Restructuring and the Entry and Exit of Firms for Job Creation?
131(6)
What Is the Role of Firm Restructuring and the Entry and Exit of Firms for Productivity and Output Growth?
137(10)
What Drives Restructuring of Existing Firms?
147(2)
How Many Firms Enter and Exit the Market in Transition Countries?
149(2)
Summing Up: Entry Conditions and Incentives to Create Jobs Are Essential for Improving Job Creation in the Region
151(4)
The Investment Climate and Job Creation
155(38)
Importance of Investment Climate for Job Creation
157(1)
Employers' Views on the Major Obstacles to Firms' Operation and Growth in the Region
158(9)
The Impact of Investment Climate on Job Creation in the Region
167(6)
Investment Climate: International Comparisons and Variations within the Region
173(10)
Summing Up: Promoting a Better Investment Climate to Foster Job Creation
183(10)
Labor Market Policy and Institutions: Combining Protection with Incentives for Job Creation
193(50)
The Role of Labor Market Policies and Institutions
194(1)
The Divergent Paths of Wage Determination during the Transition
194(15)
Employment Protection Legislation Remains Strict despite Reforms, Although Enforcement Is Variable
209(8)
Taxes on Labor
217(4)
The Role of Passive and Active Labor Market Programs
221(12)
Summing Up: The Challenge of Labor Policy Reforms in Transition Economies
233(10)
Bibliography 243(16)
Index 259

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