This book integrates the past half-century of cross-cultural research on Japanese childrearing and socialization, placing current findings in their historical context and offering concrete suggestions for new research. Coupling retrospectives by influential senior scholars with reaction papers by younger-generation scholars, the volume illustrates the lasting value of past scholarship and mentoring at the same time as it explores how theories and methodology in the field have evolved over time. The volume concludes with a discussion of the implications of research on Japan for the general study of culture and development.