Sears and Zemansky's University Physics

by Young, Hugh D.; Freedman, Roger A.

• ISBN13: 9780805387681
• ISBN10: 0805387684
• Edition: 11th
• Format: Hardcover
• Copyright: 2003-06-01
• Publisher: Benjamin-Cummings Pub Co

Table of Contents

MECHANICS
1 UNITS, PHYSICAL, QUANTITIES, AND VECTORS	1	(39)
1.1 The Nature of Physics	2	(1)
1.2 Solving Physics Problems	3	(2)
1.3 Standards and Units	5	(3)
1.4 Unit Consistency and Conversions	8	(2)
1.5 Uncertainty and Significant Figures	10	(3)
1.6 Estimates and Orders of Magnitude	13	(1)
1.7 Vectors and Vector Addition	14	(4)
1.8 Components of Vectors	18	(5)
1.9 Unit Vectors	23	(1)
1.10 Products of Vectors	24	(7)
Summary/Key Terms	31	(2)
Questions/Exercises/Problems	33	(7)
2 MOTION ALONG A STRAIGHT LINS	40	(38)
2.1 Displacement, Time, and Average Velocity	41	(3)
2.2 Instantaneous Velocity	44	(3)
2.3 Average and Instantaneous Acceleration	47	(5)
2.4 Motion with Constant Acceleration	52	(6)
2.5 Freely Falling Bodies	58	(4)
2.6 Velocity and Position by Integration	62	(4)
Summary/Key Terms	66	(2)
Questions/Exercises/Problems	68	(10)
3 MOTION IN TWO OR THREE DIMENSIONS	78	(41)
3.1 Position and Velocity Vectors	79	(3)
3.2 The Acceleration Vector	82	(5)
3.3 Projectile Motion	87	(11)
3.4 Motion in a Circle	98	(3)
3.5 Relative Velocity	101	(6)
Summary/Key Terms	107	(2)
Questions/Exercises/Problems	109	(10)
4 NEWTON'S LAWS OF MOTION	119	(34)
4.1 Force and Interactions	120	(4)
4.2 Newton's First Law	124	(4)
4.3 Newton's Second Law	128	(7)
4.4 Mass and Weight	135	(3)
4.5 Newton's Third Law	138	(5)
4.6 Free-Body Diagrams	143	(2)
Summary/Key Terms	145	(2)
Questions/Exercises/Problems	147	(6)
5 APPLYING NEWTON'S LAWS	153	(54)
5.1 Using Newton's First Law: Particles in Equilibrium	154	(7)
5.2 Using Newton's Second Law: Dynamics of Particles	161	(10)
5.3 Frictional Forces	171	(10)
5.4 Dynamics of Circular Motion	181	(7)
5.5 The Fundamental Forces of Nature	188	(2)
Summary/Key Terms	190	(2)
Questions/Exercises/Problems	192	(15)
6 WORK AND KINETIC ENERGY	207	(34)
6.1 Work	208	(5)
6.2 Work and Kinetic Energy	213	(7)
6.3 Work and Energy with Varying Forces	220	(7)
6.4 Power	227	(3)
Summary/Key Terms	230	(2)
Questions/Exercises/Problems	232	(9)
7 POTENTIAL ENERGYAND ENERGY CONSERVATION	241	(41)
7.1 Gravitational Potential Energy	242	(11)
7.2 Elastic Potential Energy	253	(7)
7.3 Conservative and Nonconservative Forces	260	(5)
7.4 Force and Potential Energy	265	(3)
7.5 Energy Diagrams	268	(3)
Summary/Key Terms	271	(2)
Questions/Exercises/Problems	273	(9)
8 MOMENTUM, IMPULS, AND COLLISIONS	282	(45)
8.1 Momentum and Impulse	283	(6)
8.2 Conservation of Momentum	289	(6)
8.3 Inelastic Collisions	295	(5)
8.4 Elastic Collisions	300	(6)
8.5 Center of Mass	306	(5)
8.6 Rocket Propulsion	311	(3)
Summary/Key Terms	314	(2)
Questions/Exercises/Problems	316	(11)
9 ROTATION OF RIGID BODIS	327	(34)
9.1 Angular Velocity and Acceleration	328	(5)
9.2 Rotation with Constant Angular Acceleration	333	(2)
9.3 Relating Linear and Angular Kinematics	335	(4)
9.4 Energy in Rotational Motion	339	(6)
9.5 Parallel-Axis Theorem	345	(2)
9.6 Moment of Inertia Calculations	347	(3)
Summary/Key Terms	350	(2)
Questions/Exercises/Problems	352	(9)
10 DYNAMICS OF ROTATIONAL MOTION	361	(43)
10.1 Torque	362	(3)
10.2 Torque and Angular Acceleration for a Rigid Body	365	(5)
10.3 Rigid-Body Rotation about a Moving Axis	370	(7)
10.4 Work and Power in Rotational Motion	377	(2)
10.5 Angular Momentum	379	(3)
10.6 Conservation of Angular Momentum	382	(4)
10.7 Gyroscopes and Precession	386	(4)
Summary/Key Terms	390	(2)
Questions/Exercises/Problems	392	(12)
11 EQUILIBRIUM AND ELASTICITY	404	(32)
11.1 Conditions for Equilibrium	405	(1)
11.2 Center of Gravity	406	(3)
11.3 Solving Rigid-Body Equilibrium Problems	409	(6)
11.4 Stress, Strain, and Elastic Moduli	415	(6)
11.5 Elasticity and Plasticity	421	(1)
Summary/Key Terms	422	(2)
Questions/Exercises/Problems	424	(12)
12 GRAVITATION	436	(40)
12.1 Newton's Law of Gravitation	437	(4)
12.2 Weight	441	(3)
12.3 Gravitational Potential Energy	444	(3)
12.4 The Motion of Satellites	447	(5)
12.5 Kepler's Laws and the Motion of Planets	452	(4)
12.6 Spherical Mass Distributions	456	(3)
12.7 Apparent Weight and the Earth's Rotation	459	(2)
12.8 Black Holes	461	(4)
Summary/Key Terms	465	(2)
Questions/Exercises/Problems	467	(9)
13 PERIODIC MOTION	476	(39)
13.1 Describing Oscillation	477	(1)
13.2 Simple Harmonic Motion	478	(8)
13.3 Energy in Simple Harmonic Motion	486	(4)
13.4 Applications of Simple Harmonic Motion	490	(5)
13.5 The Simple Pendulum	495	(1)
13.6 The Physical Pendulum	496	(3)
13.7 Damped Oscillations	499	(3)
13.8 Forced Oscillations and Resonance	502	(2)
Summary/Key Terms	504	(2)
Questions/Exercises/Problems	506	(9)
14 FLUID MECHANICS	515	(32)
14.1 Density	515	(2)
14.2 Pressure in a Fluid	517	(6)
14.3 Buoyancy	523	(3)
14.4 Fluid Flow	526	(2)
14.5 Bernoulli's Equation	528	(5)
14.6 Viscosity and Turbulence	533	(3)
Summary/Key Terms	536	(2)
Questions/Exercises/Problems	538	(9)
WAVES/ACOUSTICS
15 MECHANICAL WAVES	547	(44)
15.1 Types of Mechanical Waves	548	(1)
15.2 Periodic Waves	549	(3)
15.3 Mathematical Description of a Wave	552	(7)
15.4 Speed of a Transverse Wave	559	(5)
15.5 Energy in Wave Motion	564	(3)
15.6 Wave Interference, Boundary Conditions, and Superposition	567	(3)
15.7 Standing Waves on a String	570	(5)
15.8 Normal Modes of a String	575	(5)
Summary/Key Terms	580	(2)
Questions/Exercises/Problems	582	(9)
16 SOUNDAND HARING	591	(49)
16.1 Sound Waves	592	(5)
16.2 Speed of Sound Waves	597	(5)
16.3 Sound Intensity	602	(6)
16.4 Standing Sound Waves and Normal Modes	608	(6)
16.5 Resonance	614	(2)
16.6 Interference of Waves	616	(3)
16.7 Beats	619	(2)
16.8 The Doppler Effect	621	(6)
16.9 Shock Waves	627	(4)
Summary/Key Terms	631	(2)
Questions/Exercises/Problems	633	(7)
THERMODYNAMICS
17 TEMPFRATURE AND HEAT	640	(44)
17.1 Temperature and Thermal Equilibrium	641	(1)
17.2 Thermometers and Temperature Scales	642	(2)
17.3 Gas Thermometers and the Kelvin Scale	644	(2)
17.4 Thermal Expansion	646	(6)
17.5 Quantity of Heat	652	(5)
17.6 Calorimetry and Phase Changes	657	(6)
17.7 Mechanisms of Heat Transfer	663	(8)
Summary/Key Terms	671	(2)
Questions/Exercises/Problems	673	(11)
18 THERMAL PROPERTIES OF MATTER	684	(41)
18.1 Equations of State	685	(7)
18.2 Molecular Properties of Matter	692	(2)
18.3 Kinetic-Molecular Model of an Ideal Gas	694	(8)
18.4 Heat Capacities	702	(4)
18.5 Molecular Speeds	706	(2)
18.6 Phases of Matter	708	(4)
Summary/Key Terms	712	(2)
Questions/Exercises/Problems	714	(11)
19 THS FIRST LAW OF THERMODYNAMICS	725	(29)
19.1 Thermodynamic Systems	723	(2)
19.2 Work Done During Volume Changes	725	(3)
19.3 Paths Between Thermodynamic States	728	(1)
19.4 Internal Energy and the First Law of Thermodynamics	729	(6)
19.5 Kinds of Thermodynamic Processes	735	(2)
19.6 Internal Energy of an Ideal Gas	737	(1)
19.7 Heat Capacities of an Ideal Gas	738	(3)
19.8 Adiabatic Processes for an Ideal Gas	741	(4)
Summary/Key Terms	745	(2)
Questions/Exercises/Problems	747	(7)
20 THE SECOND LAW OF THERMODYNAMICS	754	(38)
20.1 Directions of Thermodynamic Processes	755	(1)
20.2 Heat Engines	756	(3)
20.3 Internal-Combustion Engines	759	(2)
20.4 Refrigerators	761	(3)
20.5 The Second Law of Thermodynamics	764	(2)
20.6 The Carnot Cycle	766	(7)
20.7 Entropy	773	(6)
20.8 Microscopic Interpretation of Entropy	779	(4)
Summary/Key Terms	783	(2)
Questions/Exercises/Problems	785	(7)
ELECTROMAGNETISM
21 ELECTRIC CHARGE AND ELECTRIC FIELD	792	(44)
21.1 Electric Charge	793	(4)
21.2 Conductors, Insulators, and Induced Charges	797	(3)
21.3 Coulomb's Law	800	(5)
21.4 Electric Field and Electric Forces	805	(6)
21.5 Electric-Field Calculations	811	(7)
21.6 Electric Field Lines	818	(2)
21.7 Electric Dipoles	820	(5)
Summary/Key Terms	825	(2)
Questions/Exercises/Problems	827	(9)
22 GAUSS'S LAW	836	(33)
22.1 Charge and Electric Flux	837	(3)
22.2 Calculating Electric Flux	840	(4)
22.3 Gauss's Law	844	(4)
22.4 Applications of Gauss's Law	848	(7)
22.5 Charges on Conductors	855	(5)
Summary/Key Terms	860	(2)
Questions/Exercises/Problems	862	(7)
23 ELECTRIC POTENTIAL	869	(39)
23.1 Electric Potential Energy	870	(8)
23.2 Electric Potential	878	(7)
23.3 Calculating Electric Potential	885	(5)
23.4 Equipotential Surfaces	890	(3)
23.5 Potential Gradient	893	(3)
Summary/Key Terms	896	(2)
Questions/Exercises/Problems	898	(10)
24 CAPACITANCE AND DIELECTRICS	908	(34)
24.1 Capacitors and Dielectrics	909	(5)
24.2 Capacitors in Series and Parallel	914	(4)
24.3 Energy Storage in Capacitors and Electric-Field Energy	918	(4)
24.4 Dielectrics	922	(6)
24.5 Molecular Model of Induced Charge	928	(2)
24.6 Gauss's Law In Dielectrics	930	(2)
Summary/Key Terms	932	(2)
Questions/Exercises/Problems	934	(8)
25 CURRANT, RESISTANCE, AND ELECTROMOTIVE FORCE	942	(38)
25.1 Electric Current	943	(4)
25.2 Resistivity	947	(3)
25.3 Resistance	950	(5)
25.4 Electromotive Force and Circuits	955	(7)
25.5 Energy and Power in Electric Circuits	962	(4)
25.6 Theory of Metallic Conduction	966	(4)
Summary/Key Terms	970	(2)
Questions/Exercises/Problems	972	(8)
26 DIRECT-CURRANT CIRCUITS	980	(39)
26.1 Resistors in Series and Parallel	981	(5)
26.2 Kirchhoff's Rules	986	(6)
26.3 Electrical Measuring Instruments	992	(5)
26.4 R-C Circuits	997	(5)
26.5 Power Distribution Systems	1002	(5)
Summary/Key Terms	1007	(2)
Questions/Exercises/Problems	1009	(10)
27 MAGNETIC FIELD AND MAGNETIC FORCES	1019	(45)
27.1 Magnetism	1020	(2)
27.2 Magnetic Field	1022	(3)
27.3 Magnetic Field Lines and Magnetic Flux	1025	(4)
27.4 Motion of Charged Particles in a Magnetic Field	1029	(4)
27.5 Applications of Motion of Charged Particles	1033	(3)
27.6 Magnetic Force on a Current-Carrying Conductor	1036	(3)
27.7 Force and Torque on a Current Loop	1039	(7)
27.8 The Direct-Current Motor	1046	(2)
27.9 The Hall Effect	1048	(3)
Summary/Key Terms	1051	(2)
Questions/Exercises/Problems	1053	(11)
28 SOURCES OF MAGNETIC FIELD	1064	(41)
28.1 Magnetic Field of a Moving Charge	1065	(3)
28.2 Magnetic Field of a Current Element	1068	(3)
28.3 Magnetic Field of a Straight Current-Carrying Conductor	1071	(3)
28.4 Force Between Parallel Conductors	1074	(2)
28.5 Magnetic Field of a Circular Current Loop	1076	(3)
28.6 Ampere's Law	1079	(3)
28.7 Applications of Ampere's Law	1082	(4)
28.8 Magnetic Materials	1086	(7)
Summary/Key Terms	1093	(2)
Questions/Exercises/Problems	1095	(10)
29 ELECTROMAGNETIC INDUCTION	1105	(42)
29.1 Induction Experiments	1106	(2)
29.2 Faraday's Law	1108	(10)
29.3 Lenz's Law	1118	(2)
29.4 Motional Electromotive Force	1120	(3)
29.5 Induced Electric Fields	1123	(3)
29.6 Eddy Currents	1126	(2)
29.7 Displacement Current and Maxwell's Equations	1128	(5)
29.8 Superconductivity	1133	(2)
Summary/Key Terms	1135	(2)
Questions/Exercises/Problems	1137	(10)
30 INDUCTANCE	1147	(34)
30.1 Mutual Inductance	1148	(3)
30.2 Self-Inductance and Inductors	1151	(5)
30.3 Inductors and Magnetic-Field Energy	1156	(3)
30.4 The R-L Circuit	1159	(5)
30.5 The L-C Circuit	1164	(4)
30.6 The L-R-C Series Circuit	1168	(3)
Summary/Key Terms	1171	(2)
Questions/Exercises/Problems	1173	(8)
31 ALTERNATING CURRANT	1181	(33)
31.1 Phasors and Alternating Current	1182	(2)
31.2 Resistance and Reactance	1184	(6)
31.3 The L-R-C Series Circuit	1190	(5)
31.4 Power in Alternating-Current Circuits	1195	(3)
31.5 Resonance in Alternating-Current Circuits	1198	(3)
31.6 Transformers	1201	(4)
Summary/Key Terms	1205	(2)
Questions/Exercises/Problems	1207	(7)
32 ELECTROMAGNETIC WAVES	1214	(33)
32.1 Maxwell's Equations and Electromagnetic Waves	1215	(2)
32.2 Plane Electromagnetic Waves and the Speed of Light	1217	(6)
32.3 Sinusoidal Electromagnetic Waves	1223	(5)
32.4 Energy and Momentum in Electromagnetic Waves	1228	(6)
32.5 Standing Electromagnetic Waves	1234	(4)
32.6 The Electromagnetic Spectrum	1238	(2)
Summary/Key Terms	1240	(2)
Questions/Exercises/Problems	1242	(5)
OPTICS
33 THS NATURE AND PROPAGATION OF LIGHT	1247	(38)
33.1 The Nature of Light	1248	(2)
33.2 Reflection and Refraction	1250	(6)
33.3 Total Internal Reflection	1256	(3)
33.4 Dispersion	1259	(3)
33.5 Polarization	1262	(8)
33.6 Scattering of Light	1270	(1)
33.7 Huygens' Principle	1271	(4)
Summary/Key Terms	1275	(2)
Questions/Exercises/Problems	1277	(8)
34 GEOMETRIC OPTICS AND OPTICAL INSTRUMENTS	1285	(73)
34.1 Reflection and Refraction at a Plane Surface	1286	(3)
34.2 Reflection at a Spherical Surface	1289	(10)
34.3 Refraction at a Spherical Surface	1299	(5)
34.4 Thin Lenses	1304	(9)
34.5 Camera	1313	(4)
34.6 The Eye	1317	(4)
34.7 The Magnifier	1321	(1)
34.8 Microscopes and Telescopes	1322	(5)
Summary/Key Terms	1327	(2)
Questions/Exercises/Problems	1329	(29)
35 INTERFERENCE	1358	(9)
35.1 Interference and Coherent Sources	1339	(3)
35.2 Two-Source Interference of Light	1342	(4)
35.3 Intensity in Interference Patterns	1346	(4)
35.4 Interference in Thin Films	1350	(6)
35.5 The Mickelson Interferometer	1356	(3)
Summary/Key Terms	1359	(2)
Questions/Exercises/Problems	1361	(6)
36 DIFFRACTION	1367	(38)
36.1 Fresnel and Fraunhofer Diffraction	1368	(1)
36.2 Diffraction from a Single Slit	1369	(4)
36.3 Intensity in the Single-Slit Pattern	1373	(4)
36.4 Multiple Slits	1377	(2)
36.5 The Diffraction Grating	1379	(4)
36.6 X-Ray Diffraction	1383	(3)
36.7 Circular Apertures and Resolving Power	1386	(4)
36.8 Holography	1390	(3)
Summary/Key Terms	1393	(2)
Questions/Exercises/Problems	1395	(10)
MODERN PHYSICS
37 RELATIVITY	1405
37.1 Invariance of Physical Laws	1404	(3)
37.2 Relativity of Simultaneity	1407	(2)
37.3 Relativity of Time Intervals	1409	(5)
37.4 Relativity of Length	1414	(5)
37.5 The Lorentz Transformation	1419	(4)
37.6 The Doppler Effect for Electromagnetic Waves	1423	(3)
37.7 Relativistic Momentum	1426	(3)
37.8 Relativistic Work and Energy	1429	(4)
37.9 Newtonian Mechanics and Relativity	1433	(2)
Summary/Key Terms	1435	(2)
Questions/Exercises/Problems	1437
APPENDICES
A The International System of Units	A1
B Useful Mathematical Relations	A3
C The Greek Alphabet	A4
D Periodic Table of Elements	A5
E Unit Conversion Factors	A6
F Numerical Constants	A7
Answers to Odd-Numbered Problems	A9
Photo Credits	A19
Index	A21