Second Language Acquisition : An Introductory Course

by Gass, Susan M.; Selinker, Larry

• ISBN13: 9780805835281
• ISBN10: 0805835288
• Edition: 2nd
• Format: Paperback
• Copyright: 2000-12-01
• Publisher: Lawrence Erlbau

Summary

This book is a thorough revision of the highly successful text first published in 1994. The authors retain the multidisciplinary approach that presents research from linguistics, sociology, psychology, and education, in a format designed for use in an introductory course for undergraduate or graduate students. The research is updated throughout and there are new sections and chapters in this second edition as well. New chapters cover child language acquisition (first and second), Universal Grammar, and instructed language learning; new sections address issues, such as what data analysis doesn't show, replication of research findings, interlanguage transfer (multilingual acquisition and transfer), the aspect hypothesis, general nativism, connectionist approaches, and implicit/explicit knowledge. Major updates include nonlanguage influences and the lexicon. The workbook, Second Language Learning Data Analysis, Second Edition, makes an ideal accompaniment to the text.

Table of Contents

Preface	viii
Introduction	1	(16)
The Study of Second Language Acquisition	1	(3)
Definitions	4	(1)
The Nature of Language	5	(7)
Sound Systems	6	(1)
Syntax	7	(2)
Morphology and the Lexicon	9	(1)
Semantics	10	(1)
Pragmatics	11	(1)
The Nature of Nonnative Speaker Knowledge	12	(1)
Conclusion	12	(5)
Points for Discussion	13	(4)
Looking at Interlanguage Data	17	(48)
Data Analysis	17	(9)
Data Set I: Plurals	18	(4)
Data Set II: Verb + -ing Markers	22	(2)
Data Set III: Prepositions	24	(2)
What Data Analysis Does Not Reveal	26	(4)
Data Collection	30	(7)
Data Elicitation	37	(11)
Standardized Language Tests	37	(1)
Tests From Psychology	38	(2)
Language-Elicitation Measure	40	(8)
Replication	48	(1)
Issues in Data Analysis	49	(9)
What Is Acquisition?	58	(1)
Conclusion	58	(7)
Points for Discussion	59	(6)
The Role of the Native Language: An Historical Overview	65	(27)
An Historical Perspective	65	(7)
Psychological Background	66	(2)
Linguistic Background	68	(4)
Contrastive Analysis Hypothesis	72	(6)
Error Analysis	78	(9)
Conclusion	87	(5)
Points for Discussion	87	(5)
Child Language Acquisition: First and Second	92	(20)
Child First Language Acquisition	92	(6)
Babbling	93	(2)
Words	95	(1)
Sounds and Pronunciation	96	(1)
Syntax	96	(2)
Morphology	98	(1)
Theories of Learning	98	(2)
Child Second Language Acquisition	100	(4)
Child Second Language Morpheme Order Studies	104	(4)
Conclusion	108	(4)
Points for Discussion	108	(4)
Recent Perspectives on the Role of Previously Known Language	112	(29)
Morpheme Order Studies	112	(5)
Revised Perspectives on the Role of the Native Language	117	(15)
Avoidance	119	(1)
Differential Learning Rates	120	(2)
Different Paths	122	(3)
Overproduction	125	(1)
Predictability/Selectivity	126	(6)
Interlanguage Transfer	132	(5)
Conclusion	137	(4)
Points for Discussion	137	(4)
SLA and Linguistics	141	(27)
Language Universals	142	(2)
Typological Universals	144	(11)
Test Case I: The Accessibility Hierarchy	145	(4)
Test Case II: The Acquisition of Questions	149	(2)
Test Case III: Voiced/Voiceless Consonants	151	(3)
Typological Universals: Conclusions	154	(1)
Tense and Aspect	155	(4)
The Aspect Hypothesis	155	(3)
The Discourse Hypothesis	158	(1)
Phonology	159	(4)
Conclusion	163	(5)
Points for Discussion	164	(4)
Universal Grammar	168	(24)
Universal Grammar	168	(17)
Initial State	174	(5)
UG Principles	179	(1)
UG Parameters	180	(3)
Falsification: UG and Typological Universals	183	(2)
Transfer: The UG Perspective	185	(3)
Levels of Representation	186	(1)
Clustering	186	(1)
Learnability	187	(1)
Minimalist Program	188	(2)
Conclusion	190	(2)
Points for Discussion	191	(1)
Looking At Interlanguage Processes	192	(30)
The Competition Model	192	(6)
The Monitor Model	198	(4)
The Acquisition-Learning Hypothesis	198	(1)
The Natural Order Hypothesis	199	(1)
The Monitor Hypothesis	199	(1)
The Input Hypothesis	200	(1)
The Affective Filter Hypothesis	201	(1)
Critiques of the Monitor Model	202	(4)
The Acquisition-Learning Hypothesis	202	(1)
The Natural Order Hypothesis	203	(1)
The Monitor Hypothesis	204	(1)
The Input Hypothesis	205	(1)
The Affective Filter Hypothesis	205	(1)
Alternative Modes of Knowledge Representation	206	(10)
The Nature of Knowledge	206	(2)
The Nature of Learning	208	(1)
Automaticity and Restructuring	209	(7)
Connectionism	216	(1)
Conclusion	217	(5)
Points for Discussion	218	(4)
Interlanguage in Context	222	(37)
Variation	222	(1)
Systematic Variation	223	(18)
Linguistic Context	223	(4)
Social Context Relating to the Native Language	227	(2)
Social Context Relating to Interlocutor, Task Type, and Conversational Topic	229	(12)
Communication Strategies	241	(2)
Interlanguage Pragmatics	243	(6)
Conclusion: SLA and Other Disciplines	249	(10)
Points for Discussion	251	(8)
Input, Interaction, and Output	259	(51)
Input	259	(5)
Comprehension	264	(8)
Interaction	272	(4)
Output	276	(15)
Hypothesis Testing	279	(3)
Feedback	282	(8)
Automaticity	290	(1)
Meaning-Based to Grammatically Based Processing	290	(1)
The Role of Input and Interaction in Language Learning	291	(12)
Attention	298	(2)
Contrast Theory	300	(2)
Metalinguistic Awareness	302	(1)
Limitations of Input	303	(1)
Conclusion	304	(6)
Points for Discussion	305	(5)
Instructed Second Language Learning	310	(19)
Classroom Language	311	(4)
Input Processing	315	(2)
Teachability/Learnability	317	(3)
Focus on Form	320	(5)
Timing	323	(2)
Forms to Focus On	325	(1)
Uniqueness of Instruction	325	(1)
Conclusion	326	(3)
Points for Discussion	327	(2)
Nonlanguage Influences	329	(43)
Research Traditions	330	(2)
Linguistics	330	(1)
Psychology	331	(1)
Psycholinguistics	332	(1)
Social Distance	332	(3)
Age Differences	335	(10)
Aptitude	345	(4)
Motivation	349	(8)
Motivation Over the Long Term and the Short Term	354	(1)
Motivations as a Function of Success	354	(3)
Anxiety	357	(1)
Locus of Control	358	(1)
Personality Factors	359	(5)
Extroversion and Introversion	360	(1)
Risk Taking	361	(1)
Field Independence	362	(2)
Learning Strategies	364	(5)
Conclusion	369	(3)
Points for Discussion	370	(2)
The Lexicon	372	(26)
The Significance of the Lexicon	372	(2)
Lexical Knowledge	374	(2)
Lexical Information	376	(6)
Word Associations	378	(1)
Incidental Vocabulary Learning	379	(2)
Incremental Vocabulary Learning	381	(1)
Memory Metaphors	381	(1)
Lexical Skills	382	(11)
Production	383	(4)
Perception	387	(3)
Word Formation	390	(1)
Word Combinations, Collocations, and Phraseology	391	(2)
Conclusion	393	(5)
Points for Discussion	394	(4)
An Integrated View of Second Language Acquisition	398	(17)
An Integration of Subareas	398	(13)
Apperceived Input	400	(3)
Comprehended Input	403	(3)
Intake	406	(1)
Integration	407	(3)
Output	410	(1)
Conclusion	411	(4)
Points for Discussion	413	(2)
References	415	(35)
Glossary	450	(10)
Author Index	460	(8)
Subject Index	468