Seeing Anthropology : Cultural Anthropology Through Film

by Heider, Karl G.

• ISBN13: 9780205389124
• ISBN10: 0205389120
• Edition: 3rd
• Format: Paperback
• Copyright: 2004-01-01
• Publisher: Allyn & Bacon

Summary

Seeing Anthropology continues to be the only cultural anthropology text available that allows for easy integration of ethnographic films into the introductory cultural anthropology course. This text truly incorporates films within the text by blending textbook content with fourteen ethnographic film clips that are put in the hands of students. More flexible ordering options are available with the new edition (See New to this Edition section below). One reviewer says, The greatest strengths of this text are its unique and skillful use of film clips to enhance student learningI can think of no better way to extend student learning in anthropology than the use of films, and there is no one more qualified to select and present anthropological films than the author of this book.

Table of Contents

Preface	xvii
The Study of Human Diversity	1	(30)
Press Watch: Headline Anthropology	2	(1)
Introduction	2	(1)
The Fields of Anthropology	2	(10)
Biological Anthropology	3	(2)
Archaeology	5	(2)
Linguistic Anthropology	7	(2)
Cultural Anthropology	9	(2)
Applied Anthropology	11	(1)
Anthropology and Other Disciplines	12	(2)
Key Concepts in Anthropology	14	(5)
Ethnocentrism and Cultural Relativity	14	(3)
Holism	17	(2)
Doing Anthropology: Find the Connections	19	(1)
Focus Culture: Finding the Connections in Contemporary Bali	20	(4)
Seeing Anthropology: The Goddess and the Computer	24	(4)
Hollywood-Style Anthropology: Cultural Interaction in A Passage to India	28	(1)
Chapter Summary	28	(1)
Key Terms	29	(1)
Questions to Think About	29	(1)
Suggestions for Further Reading	29	(2)
Understanding Culture	31	(29)
Press Watch: Headline Anthropology	32	(2)
Defining Culture	34	(4)
Culture Is Learned	35	(1)
Culture Is Shared	36	(2)
Focus Culture: Shared Malay Traditions and Local Variations	38	(10)
Culture Is Ideas	40	(3)
Culture Is Patterns of Behavior	43	(1)
Cultures Are Both Internally Consistent and Inconsistent	44	(1)
Culture, Society, and Ethnicity	45	(1)
Cultures and Subcultures: Operating on Different Levels	46	(2)
Doing Anthropology: Societies, Cultures, and Subcultures	48	(2)
Cultures Adapt and Change	48	(2)
The Concept of Race	50	(3)
Clinal Model of Variation	50	(1)
``Race'' as a Sociocultural Construct	51	(2)
The Interaction of Biology and Culture	53	(1)
Seeing Anthropology: Latah: A Culture-Specific Elaboration of the Startle Reflex in Malaysia	54	(3)
Hollywood-Style Anthropology: Ethnicity in Smoke Signals	57	(1)
Chapter Summary	58	(1)
Key Terms	58	(1)
Questions to Think About	58	(1)
Suggestions for Further Reading	59	(1)
Doing Anthropology: Fieldwork and Theories	60	(37)
Press Watch: Headline Anthropology	61	(1)
Doing Fieldwork	61	(8)
Learning the Language	63	(1)
Fieldwork Techniques	63	(5)
Fieldwork Settings	68	(1)
Focus Culture: Fieldwork Among the Grand Valley Dani of Irian Jaya, Indonesia (West New Guinea)	69	(15)
Quantitative Versus Qualitative Research: To Count or Not to Count	79	(2)
Ethics in Anthropology	81	(3)
Writing an Ethnography	84	(1)
Reflexivity	84	(1)
Anthropological Theories: How We Account for Cultural Behavior	84	(7)
Basic Assumptions	85	(2)
Theory Families	87	(4)
Doing Anthropology: Recognizing the Theory	91	(1)
Seeing Anthropology: Fieldwork Among the Grand Valley Dani: Dead Birds	91	(3)
Hollywood-Style Anthropology: Different Versions in Rashomon	94	(1)
Chapter Summary	95	(1)
Key Terms	95	(1)
Questions to Think About	95	(1)
Suggestions for Further Reading	96	(1)
Meanings: Language, Symbols, and Art	97	(36)
Press Watch: Headline Anthropology	98	(1)
Language	98	(13)
Primitive Languages and Primitive Peoples	102	(1)
Elements of Language: Channels of Communication	103	(8)
Doing Anthropology: Full-Channel Shakespeare	111	(7)
Language, Culture, and Biology	112	(3)
Sociolinguistics: Language in Social Context	115	(3)
Symbols, Art, and Identity	118	(6)
Symbolic Structure in Narrative Art	119	(3)
Art and Identity	122	(1)
Art in Context Versus Art on a Pedestal	123	(1)
Focus Culture: Art and Ceremony of the Kwa Kwaka' Wakw of the Northwest Coast	124	(4)
Seeing Anthropology: Art and Identity of the Kwa Kwaka' Wakw: Box of Treasures	128	(2)
Hollywood-Style Anthropology: The Cultural Translation of Darmok	130	(1)
Chapter Summary	130	(1)
Key Terms	131	(1)
Questions to Think About	131	(1)
Suggestions for Further Reading	131	(2)
Psychology and Culture	133	(36)
Press Watch: Headline Anthropology	134	(3)
Culture, Personality, and the Self	137	(12)
Childhood	137	(1)
Margaret Mead and the Cultural Construction of Puberty and Gender	138	(3)
From ``National Culture'' to Cultural Themes	141	(8)
Focus Culture: Cultural Themes in Vietnam	149	(4)
Privacy and the Self	152	(1)
Learning Styles	153	(2)
The Cycle of Learning	153	(1)
Teaching and Learning Styles	154	(1)
Cognition	155	(1)
Cognitive Style and Intelligence	155	(1)
Doing Anthropology: A New Intelligence Test	156	(4)
Organization of Knowledge	157	(3)
Emotions	160	(4)
Cultural Display Rules	160	(3)
Translating Emotions into Words	163	(1)
Grief: Emotion and Culture	163	(1)
Seeing Anthropology: Cultural Themes in Vietnam: How to Behave (Chuyen Tute)	164	(1)
Hollywood-Style Anthropology: Individualism and Groupism in Mr. Baseball	165	(1)
Chapter Summary	166	(1)
Key Terms	167	(1)
Questions to Think About	167	(1)
Suggestions for Further Reading	167	(2)
Patterns of Production	169	(30)
Press Watch: Headline Anthropology	170	(1)
Cultural Adaptation and Production	170	(6)
Technology	173	(1)
What Does the Environment Determine?	174	(2)
The Division of Labor	176	(3)
Specialization: Mechanical and Organic Solidarity	176	(1)
Division of Labor by Age and Gender	177	(2)
Food Production Strategies	179	(9)
Foraging	179	(5)
Animal Husbandry and Pastoralism	184	(3)
Farming	187	(1)
Focus Culture: Horticulture of the Grand Valley Dani	188	(6)
Food Production Strategies in Industrial Societies	192	(2)
Doing Anthropology: Food Production Strategies in a Supermarket Culture	194	(1)
Seeing Anthropology: A Horticultural Strategy: Dani Sweet Potatoes	194	(1)
Hollywood-Style Anthropology: Family Farms in The Milagro Beanfield War	195	(1)
Chapter Summary	196	(1)
Key Terms	197	(1)
Questions to Think About	197	(1)
Suggestions for Further Reading	197	(2)
Distribution and Consumption	199	(29)
Press Watch: Headline Anthropology	200	(1)
Distribution: Mechanisms of Exchange	201	(11)
Generalized Reciprocity	201	(9)
Balanced and Negative Reciprocity	210	(1)
Redistribution	211	(1)
Focus Culture: The Redistributive Cargo System of the Zinacantan Mayans of Chiapas, Mexico	212	(6)
Market Exchange	217	(1)
Doing Anthropology: Your Own Transactions	218	(1)
Consumption---Food	219	(4)
Case Study: Explaining the Cow and Pig Taboos	219	(2)
Case Study: Consuming Sugar	221	(2)
Doing Anthropology: Global Consumption	223	(1)
Seeing Anthropology: Appeals to Santiago	223	(1)
Hollywood-Style Anthropology: The Mystique of Food in Tampopo	224	(1)
Chapter Summary	225	(1)
Key Terms	225	(1)
Questions to Think About	225	(1)
Suggestions for Further Reading	226	(2)
Marriage and Family	228	(34)
Press Watch: Headline Anthropology	229	(1)
Definitions and Functions of Marriage	229	(3)
Forms of Marriage	232	(1)
Arranged Marriages Versus Love Marriages	232	(1)
Doing Anthropology: Schemas of Love and Marriage	233	(5)
Monogamy Versus Polygamy	235	(3)
Marriage as Exchange	238	(5)
Marriage Rules	243	(6)
Marrying Out (Exogamy) and Marrying In (Edogamy)	243	(1)
Incest Prohibitions	243	(3)
Cousin Marriages	246	(1)
Social Repairs: Preserving Lines of Descent	247	(1)
Social Repairs: Saving the Alliance	248	(1)
Focus Culture: Marriage and Family in Japan	249	(2)
Family and Household Forms	251	(2)
Postmarital Residence Patterns	253	(2)
Changing Family Forms in Western Cultures	255	(2)
Seeing Anthropology: An Extended Family in Rural Japan: Farm Song	257	(1)
Hollywood-Style Anthropology: The Family in Moonstruck	258	(1)
Chapter Summary	259	(1)
Key Terms	260	(1)
Questions to Think About	260	(1)
Suggestions for Further Reading	260	(2)
Social Organization and Kinship	262	(29)
Press Watch: Headline Anthropology	263	(2)
Class as Category	265	(3)
Studying Class, Power, and Inequality	266	(2)
Descent Groups	268	(3)
Lineages, Clans, and Sibs	268	(1)
Phratries and Moieties	269	(1)
Patrilineal Descent	270	(1)
Focus Culture: Patrilineal Descent of the Nuer of the Upper Nile	271	(10)
Matrilineal Descent and the Minangkabau	275	(2)
Challenges to Unilineal Descent Systems	277	(3)
Non-unilineal Descent	280	(1)
Kinship Terminology Systems	281	(4)
Diagramming the Kin Universe	281	(2)
Culture-Neutral Kinship Analysis	283	(1)
Using an Emic Approach	284	(1)
Non-kin Groupings	285	(2)
Organization by Age	285	(1)
Voluntary Associations	285	(2)
Doing Anthropology: A Second Look at Your Social Groups	287	(1)
Seeing Anthropology: Social Organization and The Nuer	287	(1)
Hollywood-Style Anthropology: The Sociolinguistics of Pygmalion	288	(1)
Chapter Summary	289	(1)
Key Terms	289	(1)
Questions to Think About	290	(1)
Suggestions for Further Reading	290	(1)
The Cultural Construction of Gender and Sexuality	291	(26)
Press Watch: Headline Anthropology	292	(1)
Differentiating Sexuality and Gender	292	(1)
How Many Genders? How Many Sexualities? The Puzzle of Homosexuality	293	(3)
The Role of Gender in Society	296	(5)
The Impact of the Feminist Perspective	296	(2)
Gender in Politics and Economics	298	(3)
Manifestations of Sexuality	301	(2)
Sexuality as Biological Procreation	301	(1)
Sexuality in Art	301	(1)
Sexuality in Attire	302	(1)
Doing Anthropology: Expressive Clothing	303	(5)
Gender-Specific Alterations of the Body	304	(1)
Genital Alterations	304	(2)
Exaggerations of Women's Bodies	306	(2)
Sexual Ethos	308	(2)
Sexually Permissive Cultures: Polynesia	308	(1)
Sexually Restrictive Cultures: Inis Beag	309	(1)
Sexually Indifferent Cultures: The Dani	309	(1)
Focus Culture: Gender and Sexuality of the Ju/'hoansi (!Kung San)	310	(2)
Seeing Anthropology: Sexuality and Change in the Life of a Ju/'hoansi (!Kung) Woman: N!ai: The Story of a !Kung Woman	312	(2)
Hollywood-Style Anthropology: Gender Confusion in Tootsie	314	(1)
Chapter Summary	314	(1)
Key Terms	315	(1)
Questions to Think About	315	(1)
Suggestions for Further Reading	316	(1)
Power and Politics	317	(32)
Press Watch: Headline Anthropology	318	(1)
Power	318	(6)
Big Men and Chiefs	319	(1)
The Political Organization of Societies	320	(2)
Power Differentials	322	(2)
Social Control	324	(5)
Studying the Laws of Others	325	(3)
Cultural Norms	328	(1)
Doing Anthropology: Backpacks on Campus	329	(4)
Transgressions	330	(1)
Conflict Resolution	331	(2)
Focus Culture: Adjudication in a Kpelle Village	333	(3)
Patterns and Causes of War	336	(5)
Causes of War	338	(1)
The Nature of War	339	(2)
The Nature of Peace	341	(2)
The End of War	341	(2)
Peace as a Social Condition	343	(1)
Seeing Anthropology: The Cows of Dolo Ken Paye: Resolving Conflict Among the Kpelle	343	(2)
Hollywood-Style Anthropology: Social Control in High Noon	345	(1)
Chapter Summary	346	(1)
Key Terms	347	(1)
Questions to Think About	347	(1)
Suggestions for Further Reading	347	(2)
Facing the Supernatural: Magic and Religion	349	(32)
Press Watch: Headline Anthropology	350	(1)
Looking for the Roots of Religion	350	(2)
Magic, Science, and Religion	351	(1)
Doing Anthropology: Magic, Science, and Religion	352	(4)
The Anxiety Theory of Religion	353	(1)
Sympathetic Magic	354	(2)
Sacred Power	356	(9)
Soul Matter	356	(1)
Mana and Taboo	357	(1)
Totems	358	(5)
Human Mediators of Sacred Powers	363	(2)
Focus Culture: Shamanism on the North Coast of Peru	365	(7)
Augury	370	(2)
Rituals	372	(3)
Rites of Passage	372	(3)
Rites of Intensification	375	(1)
World Religions and Local Practices	375	(1)
Seeing Anthropology: Eduardo the Healer	376	(2)
Hollywood-Style Anthropology: Witchcraft in Massachusetts: The Crucible	378	(1)
Chapter Summary	379	(1)
Key Terms	379	(1)
Questions to Think About	380	(1)
Suggestions for Further Reading	380	(1)
Culture Change	381	(23)
Press Watch: Headline Anthropology	382	(1)
Forces of Change	383	(6)
Change Due to Contact through Trade	384	(1)
Diffusion	384	(2)
Modernization	386	(2)
Innovation: The Internal Dynamics of Change	388	(1)
Change in Language	388	(1)
Doing Anthropology: Nailing Down Language Change	389	(1)
Focus Culture: The Changing Trobriand Islands	390	(5)
Revitalization Movements	392	(3)
Indigenous Rights in a Changing World	395	(4)
Rights to Resources: Land and Water	396	(1)
Intellectual Property Rights	397	(1)
Transnationalism	398	(1)
Seeing Anthropology: Trobriand Cricket: An Ingenious Response to Colonialism	399	(2)
Hollywood-Style Anthropology: To Change or Not?: Who Watches the Watchers?	401	(1)
Chapter Summary	402	(1)
Key Terms	402	(1)
Questions to Think About	402	(1)
Suggestions for Further Reading	403	(1)
Medical Anthropology and the Future	404	(16)
Press Watch: Headline Anthropology	405	(1)
Medical Anthropology	405	(5)
Local Knowledge	405	(1)
Pain---Acute and Chronic	406	(1)
Case Study: Camp Pain	407	(1)
Menopause	407	(2)
Immigrant Health Care	409	(1)
Focus Culture: The Suffering and Pain of the Khmer	410	(5)
The Anthropology of HIV/AIDS	413	(1)
Case Study: HIV/AIDS in Haiti	414	(1)
Doing Anthropology: Illness and Culture	415	(1)
Final Thoughts	415	(1)
Seeing Anthropology: House of the Spirit: Perspectives on Cambodian Health Care	416	(1)
Hollywood-Style Anthropology: Medical Anthropology and Medicine Man	417	(1)
Chapter Summary	417	(1)
Key Terms	418	(1)
Questions to Think About	418	(1)
Suggestions for Further Reading	418	(2)
Appendix A: Thinking about Ethnographic Films	420	(8)
Appendix B: Code of Ethics of the American Anthropological Association	428	(7)
Glossary	435	(13)
Bibliography	448	(21)
Index	469