Sensation and Perception

by Goldstein, E. Bruce

• ISBN13: 9780534558109
• ISBN10: 0534558100
• Edition: 7th
• Format: Hardcover
• Copyright: 2006-01-26
• Publisher: Wadsworth Publishing

Summary

Helping you understand how you perceive what's around you-the wonder of seeing a face, hearing music, and smelling a rose-is what Goldstein's SENSATION AND PERCEPTION is all about. Writing clearly and using vivid full-color illustrations to clarify concepts, Goldstein shows you the importance of perception to your life. This textbook includes the latest breakthroughs in research and offers chapter-by-chapter correlation with online and multimedia resources that help you make the most of your study time. "Test Yourself" questions and "Think About It" exercises help you review and retain the material. The accompanying, "Virtual Lab" media exercises (available both on CD-ROM and online through the CengageNOW student tutorial platform) offer many animations and examples that clarify difficult concepts.

Table of Contents

Introduction to Perception	3	(18)
Why Read This Book?	4	(1)
The Perceptual Process	5	(1)
Environmental Stimuli and Attended Stimuli	6	(1)
The Stimulus on the Receptors	6	(1)
Transduction	6	(1)
Neural Processing	7	(1)
Perception	7	(1)
Recognition	7	(1)
Action	8	(1)
Knowledge	8	(1)
Demonstration: Perceiving a Picture	8	(1)
How to Approach the Study of Perception	9	(1)
Levels of Analysis	10	(1)
Communication Between the Levels of Analysis	11	(1)
Measuring Perception	12	(1)
Description	12	(1)
Recognition	12	(1)
Method: Recognition	12	(1)
Detection	12	(3)
Method: Determining the Absolute Threshold	13	(1)
Method: Determining the Difference Threshold	14	(1)
Demonstration: Measuring the Difference Threshold	14	(1)
Magnitude Estimation	15	(1)
Method: Magnitude Estimation	15	(1)
Search	16	(1)
Other Methods of Measurement	16	(1)
Something to Consider: How to Get the Most Out of This Book	16	(1)
Test Yourself 1.1	17	(1)
Think About It	17	(1)
If You Want to Know More	18	(1)
Key Terms	18	(3)
Virtual Lab	18	(3)
Introduction to the Physiology of Perception	21	(24)
The Brain: The Mind's Computer	22	(1)
Early History of the Physiological Approach	22	(2)
Basic Structure of the Brain	24	(1)
Neurons: Communication and Processing	24	(1)
Recording Electrical Signals in Neurons	25	(2)
Method: Recording From a Neuron	25	(2)
Basic Properties of Action Potentials	27	(1)
Events at the Synapse	27	(1)
Vision Begins in the Eye	28	(1)
Light Is the Stimulus for Vision	29	(1)
Images Are Focused on the Retina	30	(2)
Demonstration: Becoming Aware of What Is in Focus	31	(1)
Transforming Light into Electricity	32	(1)
The Rod and Cone Receptors	32	(1)
Demonstration: ``Seeing'' the Blind Spot	32	(1)
Transduction of Light Into Electricity	33	(3)
Test Yourself 2.1	36	(1)
Pigments and Perception	36	(1)
Dark Adaptation of the Rods and Cones	36	(3)
Method: Measuring Dark Adaptation	37	(2)
Spectral Sensitivity of the Rods and Cones	39	(2)
Something to Consider: Transformations and Receptors	41	(1)
Test Yourself 2.2	41	(1)
Think About It	41	(1)
If You Want to Know More	42	(1)
Key Terms	42	(3)
Virtual Lab	43	(2)
Neurons and Perception	45	(26)
Convergence: Many Neurons Sending Signals to One Neuron	46	(1)
Convergence in the Retina	46	(1)
Why Rods Result in Greater Sensitivity Than Cones	46	(2)
Why We Use Our Cones to See Details	48	(1)
Demonstration: Foveal Versus Peripheral Acuity	48	(1)
Inhibition: How Activity in One Neuron Can Decrease Activity in Another One	49	(1)
What the Horseshoe Crab Teaches Us About Inhibition	49	(1)
Lateral Inhibition and Lightness Perception	50	(4)
Demonstration: Creating Mach Bands in Shadows	52	(1)
Demonstration: Simultaneous Contrast	53	(1)
Displays That Can't Be Explained by Lateral Inhibition	54	(1)
Test Yourself 3.1	55	(1)
Neural Processing Interactions Between Neurons	55	(1)
Excitation, Inhibition, and Neural Responding	56	(1)
Introduction to Receptive Fields	57	(1)
Method: Determining a Neuron's Receptive Field	57	(1)
Processing Past the Retina	58	(4)
Do Feature Detectors Play a Role in Perception?	62	(1)
Selective Adaptation and Feature Detectors	62	(3)
Method: Selective Adaptation	62	(1)
Method: Determining Contrast Sensitivity	63	(1)
Demonstration: Adaptation to Size	64	(1)
Selective Rearing and Feature Detectors	65	(1)
Something to Consider: Perception as Indirect	66	(1)
Test Yourself 3.2	67	(1)
Think About It	67	(1)
If You Want to Know More	67	(1)
Key Terms	68	(3)
Virtual Lab	68	(3)
The Organized Brain	71	(22)
Maps: Representing Spatial Layout	72	(1)
Method: Determining Retinotopic Map by Recording From Neurons	72	(1)
The Map on the Cortex	73	(2)
Method: Brain Imaging	73	(2)
Columns: Organizing for Location, Orientation, and Ocular Dominance	75	(1)
The LGN ``Club Sandwich''	75	(1)
Location Columns in the Cortex	75	(1)
Orientation Columns in the Cortex	75	(1)
Ocular Dominance Columns in the Cortex	76	(1)
How Is an Object Represented in the Striate Cortex?	76	(1)
Streams: Pathways for What, Where, and How	77	(1)
Streams for Information About What and Where	77	(3)
Method: Ablation	78	(2)
Streams for Information About What and How	80	(2)
Method: Dissociations in Neuropsychology	80	(2)
Test Yourself 4.1	82	(1)
Modularity: Structures for Faces, Places, and Bodies	82	(1)
There Are Face Neurons in the Monkey's IT Cortex	82	(1)
Damage to the Temporal Lobe Affects a Person's Ability to Recognize Faces	83	(1)
There Are Areas for Faces, Places, and Bodies	83	(1)
Evolution and Plasticity: How Do Neurons Become Specialized?	84	(1)
Is Neural Selectivity Shaped by Evolution?	84	(1)
How Neurons Can Be Shaped by Experience	85	(1)
The Sensory Code: How the Environment Is Represented in the Nervous System	86	(1)
Coding by Neurons and Groups of Neurons	86	(2)
Coding by Distributed Activity in the Brain	88	(1)
Something to Consider: Are There Gandmother Cells After All?	89	(1)
Test Yourself 4.2	90	(1)
Think About It	90	(1)
If You Want to Know More	90	(1)
Key Terms	91	(2)
Virtual Lab	91	(2)
Perceiving Objects	93	(28)
The Challenge of Object Perception	94	(1)
The Stimulus on the Receptors Is Ambiguous	95	(1)
Objects Can Be Hidden or Blurred	95	(1)
Objects Look Different From Different Viewpoints	96	(1)
The Reasons for Changes in Lightness and Darkness Can Be Unclear	97	(1)
The Gestalt Approach to Object Perception	97	(2)
Demonstration: Making Illusory Contours Vanish	98	(1)
The Gestalt Laws of Perceptual Organization	99	(3)
Demonstration: Finding Faces in a Landscape	101	(1)
Neurons That Respond to Grouping	102	(1)
The Gestalt ``Laws'' Are More Accurately Described as ``Heuristics''	102	(1)
Perceptual Segregation: How Objects Are Separated	103	(1)
What Are the Properties of Figure and Ground?	103	(1)
Demonstration: Judging Similarity	104	(1)
What Factors Determine Which Area Is Figure?	104	(1)
How Do Neurons Respond to Figure and Ground?	105	(1)
Test Yourself 5.1	106	(1)
Modern Research on Object Perception	106	(1)
Why Does the Visual System Respond Best to Specific Types of Stimuli?	106	(1)
Must a Figure Be Separated From Ground Before We Can Recognize Objects?	107	(1)
How Do We Recognize Objects From Different Viewpoints?	108	(3)
How Does the Brain Process Information About Objects?	111	(3)
Method: Region-of-Interest Approach	112	(1)
Method: How to Present a Stimulus Briefly	112	(1)
Method: Preparing Stimuli by Morphing	113	(1)
Method: Delayed-Matching-to-Sample	113	(1)
Something to Consider: The Intelligence of Human Object Perception	114	(1)
Early Ideas About Perceptual Intelligence	115	(1)
Modern Ideas About Perceptual Intelligence	115	(2)
Demonstration: Shape From Shading	116	(1)
Test Yourself 5.2	117	(1)
Think About It	117	(1)
If You Want to Know More	118	(1)
Key Terms	118	(3)
Virtual Lab	118	(3)
Visual Attention	121	(20)
Attention and Perceiving the Environment	122	(1)
Why Is Selective Attention Necessary?	122	(1)
How Is Selective Attention Achieved?	123	(1)
Scanning a Scene	123	(2)
Is Attention Necessary for Perception?	125	(1)
When Can Perception Occur Without Attention?	125	(1)
When Is Attention Necessary for Perception?	126	(3)
Demonstration: Change Detection	127	(2)
Test Yourself 6.1	129	(1)
Does Attention Enhance Perception?	129	(1)
Effects of Attention on Information Processing	129	(2)
Effects of Attention on Perception	131	(1)
Attention and Experiencing a Coherent World	131	(1)
Why Is Binding Necessary?	131	(1)
Feature Integration Theory	132	(2)
Method: Searching for Conjunctions	134	(1)
The Physiological Approach to Binding	134	(1)
The Physiology of Attention	135	(1)
Something to Consider: Do Neurons Notice Stimuli?	136	(1)
Test Yourself 6.2	137	(1)
Think About It	137	(1)
If You Want to Know More	138	(1)
Key Terms	139	(2)
Virtual Lab	139	(2)
Perceiving Color	141	(26)
Introduction to Color	142	(1)
What Are Some Functions of Color Vision?	142	(1)
How Can We Describe Color Experience?	143	(1)
What Is the Relationship Between Wavelength and Color Perception?	144	(2)
Trichromatic Theory of Color Vision	146	(1)
Behavioral Evidence for the Theory	146	(1)
The Theory: Vision Is Trichromatic	146	(1)
Physiology of Trichromatic Theory	147	(4)
Test Yourself 7.1	151	(1)
Color Deficiency	151	(1)
Monochromatism	152	(1)
Dichromatism	152	(1)
Physiological Mechanisms of Receptor-Based Color Deficiency	152	(1)
Opponent-Process Theory of Color Vision	153	(1)
Behavioral Evidence for the Theory	153	(1)
Demonstration: ``Opposing'' Afterimages	153	(1)
Demonstration: Afterimages and Simultaneous Contrast	153	(1)
Demonstration: Visualization and Color Scaling	154	(1)
The Theory: Vision Is an ``Opponent'' Process	154	(1)
The Physiology of Opponent-Process Vision	154	(1)
Color in the Cortex	155	(1)
Test Yourself 7.2	156	(1)
Perceiving Colors Under Changing Illumination	156	(1)
Demonstration: Color Perception Under Changing Illumination	157	(1)
Chromatic Adaptation	157	(1)
Demonstration: Adapting to Red	157	(1)
The Effect of the Surroundings	158	(1)
Demonstration: Color and the Surroundings	158	(1)
Memory and Color	158	(1)
Lightness Constancy	159	(1)
Intensity Relationships: The Ratio Principle	160	(1)
Lightness Perception Under Uneven Illumination	160	(2)
Demonstration: The Penumbra and Lightness Perception	161	(1)
Demonstration: Perceiving Lightness at a Corner	161	(1)
Something to Consider: Creating Color Experience	162	(1)
Test Yourself 7.3	163	(1)
Think About It	163	(1)
If You Want to Know More	164	(1)
Key Terms	165	(2)
Virtual Lab	165	(2)
Perceiving Depth and Size	167	(28)
Oculomotor Cues	169	(1)
Demonstration: Feelings in Your Eyes	169	(1)
Monocular Cues	169	(1)
Pictorial Cues	169	(2)
Movement-Produced Cues	171	(2)
Binocular Depth Information	173	(1)
Binocular Disparity	173	(4)
Demonstration: Two Eyes: Two Viewpoints	173	(3)
Demonstration: Binocular Depth From a Picture, Without a Stereoscope	176	(1)
The Correspondence Problem	177	(1)
The Physiology of Depth Perception	178	(1)
Neurons That Respond to Pictorial Depth	178	(1)
Neurons That Respond to Binocular Disparity	178	(1)
Connecting Binocular Disparity and Depth Perception	179	(1)
Test Yourself 8.1	179	(1)
Perceiving Size	179	(1)
The Holway and Boring Experiment	180	(2)
Size Constancy	182	(3)
Demonstration: Perceiving Size at a Distance	183	(1)
Demonstration: Size-Distance Scaling and Emmert's Law	183	(2)
Visual Illusions	185	(1)
The Muller-Lyer Illusion	185	(2)
Demonstration: Measuring the Muller-Lyer Illusion	185	(1)
Demonstration: The Muller-Lyer Illusion With Books	186	(1)
The Ponzo Illusion	187	(1)
The Ames Room	187	(1)
The Moon Illusion	188	(1)
Something to Consider: Distance Perception Depends on the Environment and on the Self!	189	(1)
Test Yourself 8.2	190	(1)
Think About It	190	(1)
If You Want to Know More	191	(1)
Key Terms	192	(3)
Virtual Lab	192	(3)
Perceiving Movement	195	(20)
Studying Movement Perception	196	(1)
The Functions of Motion Perception	197	(1)
Surviving to Perceive Another Day	197	(1)
Perceiving Objects	197	(2)
Demonstration: Perceiving a Camouflaged Bird	197	(2)
Demonstration: The Kinetic Depth Effect With a Paper Clip	199	(1)
The Moving Observer	199	(1)
The Behavioral Approach: Taking Environmental Information Into Account	200	(1)
The Physiological Approach: The Corollary Discharge	201	(3)
Demonstration: Eliminating the Image Movement Signal With an Afterimage	202	(1)
Demonstration: Seeing Movement by Pushing on Your Eyeball	203	(1)
Test Yourself 9.1	204	(1)
How Neurons Signal the Direction of Movement	204	(1)
Determining the Direction in Which Oriented Bars Are Moving	204	(2)
Demonstration: Movement of a Bar Across an Aperture	205	(1)
Determining the Direction in Which Fields of Dots Are Moving	206	(2)
Motion Perception and Experience	208	(1)
Biological Motion	208	(1)
Apparent Motion: The Occlusion Heuristic	209	(1)
Apparent Motion: Limits Imposed by the Human Body	210	(1)
Something to Consider: Implied Motion	211	(1)
Test Yourself 9.2	212	(1)
Think About It	212	(1)
If You Want to Know More	212	(1)
Key Terms	213	(2)
Virtual Lab	213	(2)
Perception and Action	215	(18)
The Ecological Approach to Perception	216	(1)
The Beginnings of the Ecological Approach	216	(1)
Optic Flow	216	(2)
Texture Gradients	218	(1)
Affordances	219	(1)
Navigating Through the Environment	219	(1)
Do People Use Flow Information?	219	(1)
Flow Is Not Always Necessary for Determining Heading	219	(1)
Flow, Posture, and Balance	220	(1)
Demonstration: Keeping Your Balance	220	(1)
The Physiology of Navigation: Neurons in the Brain	221	(2)
Test Yourself 10.1	223	(1)
Skilled Actions	224	(1)
Somersaulting	224	(1)
Catching a Fly Ball	225	(1)
Physiological Links Between Sensory and Motor Functions	226	(1)
Effect of Damage to the Parietal Lobe	226	(1)
Properties of Neurons in the Parietal Lobe	226	(1)
Mirror Neurons in Premotor Cortex	227	(1)
Something to Consider: Are We Watching the Same Movie?	228	(1)
Test Yourself 10.2	229	(1)
Think About It	229	(1)
If You Want to Know More	230	(1)
Key Terms	231	(2)
Virtual Lab	231	(2)
Sound, The Auditory System, and Pitch Perception	233	(32)
Pressure Waves and Perceptual Experience	235	(1)
The Sound Stimulus Produced by a Loudspeaker	235	(1)
Amplitude and Loudness	236	(1)
Frequency and Pitch	237	(1)
The Range of Hearing	238	(1)
Sound Quality: Timbre	239	(2)
Test Yourself 11.1	241	(1)
The Ear	241	(1)
The Outer Ear	241	(1)
The Middle Ear	242	(1)
The Inner Ear	243	(2)
The Cochlea	245	(1)
Bekesy's Place Theory of Hearing	246	(1)
Evidence for Place Theory	247	(2)
Method: Neural Frequency Tuning Curves	247	(1)
Method: Auditory Masking	248	(1)
Updating Bekesy	249	(1)
The Basilar Membrane as a Frequency Analyzer	250	(2)
Method: Psychophysical Tuning Curves	250	(2)
How the Timing of Neural Firing Can Signal Frequency	252	(1)
Test Yourself 11.2	253	(1)
Central Auditory Processing	253	(1)
Pathway From the Cochlea to the Cortex	253	(1)
Auditory Areas in the Cortex	254	(1)
What and Where Streams for Hearing	254	(2)
The Auditory Cortex and Perception	256	(1)
Perceiving Pitch and Complex Sounds	256	(1)
The Effect of the Missing Fundamental	257	(1)
How the Auditory Cortex Is Shaped by Experience	258	(1)
Something to Consider: Cochlear Implants---Where Science and Culture Meet	259	(1)
The Technology	259	(1)
The Controversy	260	(1)
Test Yourself 11.3	261	(1)
Think About It	261	(1)
If You Want to Know More	261	(1)
Key Terms	262	(3)
Virtual Lab	262	(3)
Sound Localization and the Auditory Scene	265	(20)
Auditory Localization	266	(1)
Demonstration: Sound Localization	266	(1)
Cues for Location: Signals Reaching the Ears	267	(2)
Cues for Location: Effects on Behavior	269	(2)
Method: Virtual Auditory Space	269	(2)
Judging Elevation and Other ``Ambiguous'' Locations	271	(1)
The Physiological Representation of Auditory Space	272	(1)
Interaural Time Difference Detectors	272	(1)
Topographic Maps	272	(1)
The Cortex	273	(1)
Test Yourself 12.1	274	(1)
Identifying Sound Sources	274	(1)
Auditory Scene Analysis	274	(1)
Principles of Auditory Grouping	275	(3)
Hearing Inside Rooms	278	(1)
Perceiving Two Sounds That Reach the Ears at Different Times	279	(1)
Demonstration: The Precedence Effect	280	(1)
Architectural Acoustics	280	(1)
Something to Consider: Interactions Between Vision and Hearing	281	(1)
Test Yourself 12.2	282	(1)
Think About It	282	(1)
If You Want to Know More	282	(1)
Key Terms	283	(2)
Virtual Lab	283	(2)
Speech Perception	285	(18)
The Speech Stimulus	286	(1)
Phonemes: Sounds and Meanings	286	(1)
The Acoustic Signal: Patterns of Pressure Changes	287	(1)
The Relationship Between the Speech Stimulus and What We Hear	288	(1)
The Segmentation Problem	289	(1)
The Variability Problem	289	(2)
Stimulus Dimensions of Speech Perception	291	(1)
Invariant Acoustic Cues	291	(1)
Categorical Perception	292	(1)
Speech Perception Is Multimodal	293	(1)
Test Yourself 13.1	294	(1)
Cognitive Dimensions of Speech Perception	294	(1)
Demonstration: Perceiving Degraded Sentences	294	(1)
Meaning and Segmentation	294	(1)
Demonstration: Segmenting Strings of Sounds	295	(1)
Meaning and Phoneme Perception	295	(1)
Meaning and Word Perception	296	(1)
Speaker Characteristics	297	(1)
Speech Perception and the Brain	297	(1)
Brain Areas, Neurons, and Speech Perception	297	(1)
Experience-Dependent Plasticity	298	(1)
Something to Consider: Is There a Connection Between Speech Perception and Speech Production?	299	(1)
Test Yourself 13.2	299	(1)
Think About It	300	(1)
If You Want to Know More	300	(1)
Key Terms	300	(3)
Virtual Lab	300	(3)
The Cutaneous Senses	303	(24)
Overview of the Cutaneous System	305	(1)
The Skin	305	(1)
Mechanoreceptors	305	(3)
Pathways From Skin to Cortex	308	(1)
Maps of the Body on the Cortex	308	(2)
Perceiving Details	310	(1)
Method: Measuring Tactile Acuity	310	(1)
Receptor Mechanisms for Tactile Acuity	311	(1)
Demonstration: Comparing Two-Point Thresholds	311	(1)
Cortical Mechanisms for Tactile Acuity	311	(1)
Perceiving Vibration	312	(1)
Perceiving Texture	313	(1)
Temporal Cues and Texture Perception	313	(1)
Demonstration: Perceiving Texture With a Pen	314	(1)
Test Yourself 14.1	314	(1)
Perceiving Objects	314	(1)
Demonstration: Identifying Objects	315	(1)
Identifying Objects by Haptic Exploration	315	(1)
The Physiology of Tactile Object Perception	316	(2)
Pain Perception: Neural Firing and Cognitive Influences	318	(1)
The Anatomy and Experience of Pain	318	(1)
Cognitive and Experiential Aspects of Pain Perception	319	(2)
The Physiology of Cognitive and Experiential Aspects of Pain Perception	321	(2)
Something to Consider: Pain in Social Situations	323	(1)
Test Yourself 14.2	323	(1)
Think About It	324	(1)
If You Want to Know More	324	(1)
Key Terms	325	(2)
Virtual Lab	325	(2)
The Chemical Senses	327	(24)
The Olfactory System	328	(1)
Functions of Olfaction	328	(1)
Detecting Odors	329	(1)
Method: Measuring the Detection Threshold	329	(1)
Identifying Odors	330	(1)
Demonstration: Naming and Odor Identification	330	(1)
The Puzzle of Olfactory Quality	330	(1)
The Neural Code for Olfactory Quality	331	(1)
Structure of the Olfactory System	331	(1)
Describing the Olfactory Receptors	332	(1)
Activating Receptor Neurons in the Olfactory Mucosa	332	(3)
Method: Calcium Imaging	332	(3)
Activating the Olfactory Bulb	335	(2)
Method: Optical Imaging	335	(2)
Method: 2-Deoxyglucose Technique	337	(1)
Activating the Cortex	337	(1)
Method: Genetic Tracing	337	(1)
Test Yourself 15.1	338	(1)
The Taste System	338	(1)
Functions of Taste	338	(1)
Basic Taste Qualities	338	(1)
The Neural Code for Taste Quality	338	(1)
Structure of the Taste System	339	(1)
Distributed Coding	339	(1)
Specificity Coding	340	(3)
The Perception of Flavor	343	(1)
Flavor = Taste + Olfaction	344	(1)
Demonstration: ``Tasting'' With and Without the Nose	344	(1)
The Physiology of Flavor Perception	345	(1)
Something to Consider: Individual Differences in Tasting	346	(2)
Test Yourself 15.2	348	(1)
Think About It	348	(1)
If You Want to Know More	348	(1)
Key Terms	349	(2)
Virtual Lab	349	(2)
Perceptual Development	351	(22)
Basic Visual Capacities	352	(1)
Visual Acuity	352	(3)
Methods: Preferential Looking and Visual Evoked Potential	352	(3)
Contrast Sensitivity	355	(1)
Perceiving Color	356	(2)
Method: Habituation	357	(1)
Perceiving Depth	358	(1)
Perceiving Faces	359	(1)
Recognizing Their Mother's Face	359	(1)
Is There a Special Mechanism for Perceiving Faces?	359	(2)
Test Yourself 16.1	361	(1)
Perceiving Object Unity	361	(2)
Hearing	363	(1)
Threshold for Hearing a Tone	363	(1)
Recognizing Their Mother's Voice	364	(1)
Perceiving Speech	364	(1)
The Categorical Perception of Phonemes	364	(1)
Experience and Speech Perception	365	(1)
Intermodal Perception	366	(1)
Olfaction and Taste	367	(1)
Something to Consider: The Unity of Perception	368	(1)
Method: Paired Comparison	368	(1)
Test Yourself 16.2	369	(1)
Think About It	369	(1)
If You Want to Know More	370	(1)
Key Terms	371	(2)
Appendix SIGNAL DETECTION: PROCEDURE AND THEORY	373	(6)
Is There an Absolute Threshold?	373	(1)
A Signal Detection Experiment	374	(2)
Signal Detection Theory	376	(1)
Signal and Noise	376	(1)
Probability Distributions	376	(1)
The Criterion	377	(1)
The Effect of Sensitivity on the ROC Curve	378	(1)
Glossary	379	(19)
References	398	(23)
Author Index	421	(7)
Subject Index	428