Introduction | |
Planning Your Sensory Project | |
The human senses | |
Sight, smell, taste, touch and hearing | |
Factors influencing sensory measurements | |
Psychological and physiological errors | |
Factors influencing test design | |
Defining your clients needs: identifying test objectives, application, budget, deadlines, setting action standards | |
Hypothesis testing | |
Experimental design: balancing, randomisation, blocking, Latin square, replication, size of sample/panel | |
Statistical analysis | |
Professional conduct, ethical issues and good laboratory practice | |
Hygiene | |
Safety | |
Ethical handling of panellists (informed consent, ethical committee approval, employment law, panellist records, Data Protection Act) | |
Health consideration for panellists: Allergens, medications | |
IP consideration | |
Requirements for Sensory Testing | |
Testing Facilities | |
Equipment, lighting, colour, temperature, humidity | |
Purpose built facilities: sensory testing laboratory, consumer test facilities, specific applications | |
Temporary facilities: portable booths, CLT | |
Testing in the home | |
Samples | |
Preparation and presentation: palate cleansers, serving vessels, carriers, coding, order of presentation | |
Reference and control samples | |
Sample assessment procedures | |
Disclosing ingredients | |
Panellists | |
Screening and Selection | |
Training | |
Motivation | |
Monitoring performance | |
Working with panels: setting up new panels, integrating new individuals into existing panels | |
Good working practices for panellists: Smoking, personal hygiene, perfume | |
Data Capture | |
Pen and paper | |
Computerised systems | |
Video cameras | |
Portable systems | |
Sensory Test Methods | |
Each test is described using the same format including - objective and rationale, experimental design, procedure, example of worksheet, data analysis, conclusion, a worked example and 'dos and don'ts' | |
Discrimination tests | |
Introduction | |
Overall difference Tests: Triangle, Duo-Trio, Difference from control, Similarity | |
Attribute specific: Paired comparison (2 AFC), 3AFC, Ranking | |
Other tests: same/difference (with surety rating = R-index), Threshold tests | |
Descriptive tests | |
Introduction | |
General procedure: qualitative attribute generation, quantitative analysis (inc scale options) etc | |
Specific methodology: QDA, Spectrum, QFP, Free Choice Profiling, Consensus | |
Time Intensity | |
Affective/Consumer tests | |
Introduction\ | |
Qualitative methods: focus groups | |
Quantitative methods: preference, hedonic rating | |
Questionnaire design | |
Combining results from different tests | |
Linking sensory and consumer data | |
Completing the Project | |
Reporting | |
Report format: title, abstract or summary, aims/objectives, action standard, introduction/background, method, results and discussion, insight, conclusions, recommended action, references | |
Data storage | |
Documentation | |
Glossary | |
Bibliography | |
Appendix 1 | |
Considerations for sensory evaluation of specific product types | |
Appendices 2-12 | |
Statistical tables | |
Index | |
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