Shaping Science And Technology Policy

by Guston, David H.; Sarewitz, Daniel R.

• ISBN13: 9780299219109
• ISBN10: 0299219100
• Format: Hardcover
• Copyright: 2006-11-30
• Publisher: Univ of Wisconsin Pr

Summary

With scientific progress occurring at a breathtaking pace, science and technology policy has never been more important than it is today. Yet there is a very real lack of public discourse about policy-making, and government involvement in science remains shrouded in both mystery and misunderstanding. Who is making choices about technology policy, and who stands to win or lose from these choices? What criteria are being used to make decisions and why? Does government involvement help or hinder scientific research? Shaping Science and Technology Policybrings together an exciting and diverse group of emerging scholars, both practitioners and academic experts, to investigate current issues in science and technology policy. Essays explore such topics as globalization, the shifting boundary between public and private, informed consent in human participation in scientific research, intellectual property and university science, and the distribution of the costs and benefits of research. Contributors: Charlotte Augst, Grant Black, Mark Brown, Kevin Elliott, Patrick Feng, Pamela M. Franklin, Carolyn Gideon, Tene N. Hamilton, Brian A. Jackson, Shobita Parthasarathy, Jason W. Patton, A. Abigail Payne, Bhaven Sampat, Christian Sandvig, Sheryl Winston Smith, Michael Whong-Barr

Table of Contents

Foreword	vii
Lewis M. Branscomb
Acknowledgments	ix
Introduction	3	(4)
PART 1. SHAPING POLICY	7	(92)
Ethics, Politics, and the Public: Shaping the Research Agenda	10	(23)
Mark B. Brown
Federal R&D: Shaping the National Investment Portfolio	33	(22)
Brian A. Jackson
Universities and Intellectual Property: Shaping a New Patent Policy for Government Funded Academic Research	55	(22)
Bhaven N. Sampat
Geography and Spillover: Shaping Innovation Policy through Small Business Research	77	(22)
Grant C. Black
PART 2. SHAPING SCIENCE	99	(96)
EPA's Drinking Water Standards and the Shaping of Sound Science	102	(22)
Pamela M. Franklin
The Case of Chemical Hormesis: How Scientific Anomaly Shapes Environmental Science and Policy	124	(25)
Kevin Elliott
Earmarks and EPSCoR: Shaping the Distribution, Quality, and Quantity of University Research	149	(24)
A. Abigail Payne
Innovation in the U.S. Computer Equipment Industry: How Foreign R&D and International Trade Shape Domestic Innovation	173	(22)
Sheryl Winston Smith
PART 3. SHAPING TECHNOLOGY	195	(78)
Shaping Technical Standards: Where Are the Users?	199	(18)
Patrick Feng
Technical Change for Social Ends: Shaping Transportation Infrastructures in U.S. Cities	217	(17)
Jason W. Patton
Shaping Infrastructure and Innovation on the Internet: The End-to-End Network That Isn't	234	(22)
Christian Sandvig
Technology Policy by Default: Shaping Communications Technology through Regulatory Policy	256	(17)
Carolyn Gideon
PART 4. SHAPING LIFE	273	(86)
Engaging Diverse Communities in Shaping Genetics Policy: Who Gets to Shape the New Biotechnology?	276	(15)
Tene Hamilton Franklin
Informed Consent and the Shaping of British and U.S. Population-Based Genetic Research	291	(21)
Michael Barr
Embryos, Legislation, and Modernization: Shaping Life in the UK and German Parliaments	312	(21)
Charlotte Augst
Reconceptualizing Technology Transfer: The Challenge of Shaping an International System of Genetic Testing for Breast Cancer	333	(26)
Shobita Parthasarathy
About the Editors	359	(2)
About the Contributors	361	(4)
Index	365