What is included with this book?
Lars Torsten Berger, Phd, is founder of BreezeSolve, a Valencia-based company offering engineering and consultant services in telecommunications, signal processing, and smart grid. He is currently also directing the R&D Department of Kenus Informática, Paterna, Spain. In his career, Dr. Berger has worked for Daimler-Benz Aerospace, Nortel Networks, Nokia Networks, as well as DS2, and has held faculty positions at Aalborg University, Denmark, and Universidad Carlos III de Madrid, Spain.
Krzysztof (Kris) Iniewski, Phd, is managing R&D at Redlen Technologies Inc., a start-up company in Vancouver, Canada. Redlen's revolutionary production process for advanced semiconductor materials enables a new generation of more accurate, all-digital, radiation-based imaging solutions. Dr. Iniewski is also Executive Director of CMOS Emerging Technologies. In his career, Dr. Iniewski has held numerous faculty and management positions at the University of Toronto, University of Alberta, SFU, and PMC-Sierra Inc. He has published over 100 research papers in international journals and conferences, holds eighteen international patents, and has written and edited several books.
Contributors xvii
PART I APPLICATIONS
1 INTRODUCTION TO SMART GRID APPLICATIONS 3
Xiaoming Feng, James Stoupis, Salman Mohagheghi, and Mats Larsson
1.1 Introduction 3
1.2 Voltage and Var Control and Optimization 5
1.3 Fault Detection, Isolation, and Restoration (FDIR) 14
1.4 Demand Response (DR) 21
1.5 Distributed Energy Resources (DERs) 25
1.6 Wide-Area Monitoring, Control, and Protection (WAMCP) 28
2 ELECTRIC VEHICLES AS A DRIVER FOR SMART GRIDS 49
Nigel Fitzpatrick and Alec Tsang
2.1 Introduction 49
2.2 Plug-In Electric Vehicles and Hybrids 50
2.3 Hybrids 51
2.4 The General Electric Delta Car 52
2.5 Batteries, Ultracapacitors, and Semi and Full-Fuel Cells 53
2.6 Lithium Ion 56
2.7 Cell Voltage, Reliability of Stacks, and Impact of Inverters 57
2.8 Battery Mass Fraction, Energy, Power, Benefi ts and a Penalty 58
2.9 Vehicle Classes, Niches, and Constraints 59
2.10 Messages from Full-Cycle Modeling, Energy Security, and Air Quality 60
2.11 Market Penetration by Vehicle Niche 60
2.12 Vehicle Architecture, Key Components, Controls, and Cost 61
2.13 Grid to Vehicle (G2V) Charging: Levels 1 to 3 62
2.14 Grid Impacts 64
2.15 Vehicle to Grid (V2G): A First or Second Order Matter? 66
2.16 Second Life for Used Vehicle Batteries Grid-Side Instead? 68
2.17 The City and the Vehicle 69
2.18 Impact of Electric Drive on Greenhouse Gas Emissions 69
2.19 Conclusions 70
3 AUTONOMOUS DEMAND-SIDE MANAGEMENT 75
Hamed Mohsenian-Rad and Alberto Leon-Garcia
3.1 Introduction 75
3.2 Direct and Indirect Demand-Side Management 77
3.3 Autonomous Demand-Side Management 79
3.4 Optimal Energy Consumption Scheduling 82
3.5 Price Prediction 88
3.6 Managing User-Side Storage and Generation 91
3.7 Conclusion 92
4 POWER ELECTRONICS FOR MONITORING, SIGNALING, AND PROTECTION 97
Wilsun Xu
4.1 Introduction 97
4.2 Power Line Communication 98
4.3 Condition Monitoring and Fault Detection 102
4.4 Active Protection 109
4.5 Power Electronics Signaling Technology 113
4.6 Conclusions 115
PART II COMMUNICATIONS
5 INTRODUCTION TO SMART GRID COMMUNICATIONS 121
Wenbo Shi and Vincent W. S. Wong
5.1 Introduction 122
5.2 An Overview of Network Architecture 124
5.3 Premises Network 127
5.4 Neighborhood Area Network 131
5.5 Wide Area Network 135
5.6 Standardization Activities 138
5.7 Conclusions 141
6 WIRELESS COMMUNICATIONS IN SMART GRIDS 145
Juan José García Fernández, Lars Torsten Berger, Ana García Armada, María Julia Fernández-Getino García, Víctor P. Gil Jiménez, and Troels B. Sørensen
6.1 Introduction 145
6.2 Wireless Personal Area Networks 150
6.3 Wireless Local Area Networks 156
6.4 Wireless Metropolitan Area Networks 162
6.5 Cellular Networks 165
6.6 Satellite Communications 170
6.7 Conclusions 181
7 WIRELINE COMMUNICATIONS IN SMART GRIDS 191
Lars Torsten Berger
7.1 Introduction 191
7.2 Phone Line Technology 195
7.3 Coaxial Cable Technologies 201
7.4 Power Line Technology 204
7.4.1 PLC Scenarios, Channel, and Noise Aspects, 205
7.5 Conclusions 220
8 OPTICAL COMMUNICATIONS IN SMART GRIDS 231
Kris Iniewski
8.1 Introduction 231
8.2 Passive Optical Networks (PONs) 232
8.3 Wave Lengh Division Multiplexing (WDM) 235
8.4 SONET/SDH 238
8.5 Carrier Ethernet 239
8.6 Conclusions 241
9 NETWORK LAYER ASPECTS OF SMART GRID COMMUNICATIONS 243
Kris Iniewski
9.1 Introduction 243
9.2 TCP/IP Networks 244
9.3 Multiprotocol Label Switching (MPLS) 248
9.4 Conclusions 248
10 SMART GRID SENSING, AUTOMATION, AND CONTROL PROTOCOLS 251
Wolfgang Mahnke
10.1 Introduction 251
10.2 Protocols and Standards 259
10.3 Conclusions 286
PART III SECURITY
11 INTRODUCTION TO SMART GRID CYBER SECURITY 295
Pedro Marín Fernandes
11.1 Introduction 295
11.2 Examples 299
11.3 Conclusion 316
12 SMART GRID SECURITY STANDARDIZATION 321
Steffen Fries and Hans-Joachim Hof
12.1 Standardization Activities 321
12.2 Smart Grid Security Requirements 321
12.3 Security Relevant Regulation and Standardization Activities 323
12.4 Trends in Energy Automation Security 332
12.5 Conclusion 333
13 SMART GRID AUTHENTICATION AND KEY MANAGEMENT 337
Anthony Metke
13.1 Introduction and Scope 337
13.2 Authentication and Authorization Issues in the Smart Grid 347
13.3 Architectural Considerations and Recommendations 350
13.4 Conclusion and Next Steps 358
PART IV CASE STUDIES AND FIELD TRIALS
14 HYBRID WIRELESS–PLC SMART GRID IN RURAL GREECE 365
Angeliki M. Sarafi , Athanasios E. Drougas, Petros I. Papaioannou, and Panayotis G. Cottis
14.1 Introduction 365
14.2 Network Design and Implementation 366
14.3 Smart-Grid Applications Offered in Larissa 371
14.4 Key Lessons Learned 375
14.5 Conclusions 378
15 SMART CHARGING THE ELECTRIC VEHICLE FLEET 381
Peter Bach Andersen, Einar Bragi Hauksson, Anders Bro Pedersen, Dieter Gantenbein, Bernhard Jansen, Claus Amtrup Andersen, and Jacob Dall
15.1 Introduction 381
15.2 The Fleet Operator as a New Conceptual Role 382
15.3 EDISON and the Use of Standards 386
15.4 Smart Charging Communication Components 390
15.5 Charging Infrastructure Communication 394
15.6 Demonstration 400
15.7 Conclusion and Future Work 403
16 REAL-TIME ESTIMATION OF TRANSMISSION LINE PARAMETERS 409
Wenyuan Li, Paul Choudhury, and Jun Sun
16.1 Introduction 409
16.2 Basic Concepts 410
16.3 Filtering Invalid Measurements 412
16.4 Estimating Parameters Rij, Xij, and Y 414
16.5 Simulation Results 417
16.6 Conclusions 421
17 WAMCP STUDY: VOLTAGE STABILITY MONITORING AND CONTROL 429
Mats Larsson
17.1 Wide-Area Voltage Stability Protection 429
17.1.2 Heuristic Tree Search, 431
17.1.3 Voltage Stability Protection Based on Local Measurements, 433
17.1.4 Test Network, 433
17.1.5 Scenarios and Simulation Results, 436
17.2 Conclusion 440
18 SECURE REMOTE ACCESS TO HOME ENERGY APPLIANCES 443
Steffen Fries and Hans-Joachim Hof
18.1 Introduction 443
18.2 Challenges in the Smart Grid 444
18.3 Access Control and Authorization for Remote Access to Home Energy Appliances 446
Reference
Index 455
The New copy of this book will include any supplemental materials advertised. Please check the title of the book to determine if it should include any access cards, study guides, lab manuals, CDs, etc.
The Used, Rental and eBook copies of this book are not guaranteed to include any supplemental materials. Typically, only the book itself is included. This is true even if the title states it includes any access cards, study guides, lab manuals, CDs, etc.