Social and Cultural Foundations of Counseling and Human Services Multiple Influences on Self-Concept Development

by Schmidt, John J.

• ISBN13: 9780205403332
• ISBN10: 0205403336
• Edition: 1st
• Format: Paperback
• Copyright: 2005-06-09
• Publisher: Pearson

Summary

Social and Cultural Foundations of Counseling addresses the fundamental social and cultural foundations upon which counselors and other helpers develop the knowledge and skill to work effectively with diverse populations. The premise of this text is that such foundational knowledge includes learning about self-concept development within a cultural and sociological context and about the impact that both individual differences and collectivistic philosophies have on cultural and personal identity. It distinctively features a social psychology perspective of diversity, complemented by an understanding of self-concept theory and its interaction with other models of identity development.

Table of Contents

Preface	xi
Society, Culture, Counseling, and Human Services	1	(22)
Society	3	(2)
Culture	5	(9)
Enculturation	6	(1)
Acculturation	6	(2)
Assimilation	8	(1)
Encapsulation	9	(1)
Collectivism	10	(1)
Individualism	11	(1)
Interculture and Intraculture	12	(1)
Subculture	13	(1)
Worldview	14	(1)
Diversity and Counseling	14	(9)
Orientation to Time	15	(2)
Language	17	(1)
Unearned Privilege	18	(2)
Orientation to Nature	20	(2)
Counseling Inferences	22	(1)
The Emerging Self and Social Learning	23	(28)
Self-Concept Theory	23	(5)
The Structure of Self-Concept	24	(1)
Self-Structure and Cultural Influence	25	(3)
Altering the Self-Concept	28	(5)
Ecstatic Events	29	(1)
Traumatic Events	29	(1)
Intervention	30	(1)
Self-Determination	31	(1)
Repeated Life Events	31	(2)
Stability of the Self-Concept	33	(1)
Related Developmental Theories	34	(1)
Self-View, Worldview, and Social Learning	35	(4)
Social Cognition Learning Model	36	(1)
Social Learning Theory	37	(1)
Social Learning and Self-Efficacy	38	(1)
Deviant Behavior	39	(4)
Violence and Abuse	43	(3)
Violence and Homicide	43	(1)
Suicide	44	(1)
Physical and Sexual Abuse	45	(1)
Substance Abuse	46	(1)
Education	46	(1)
Technology and Self-Development	47	(2)
Counseling Inferences	49	(2)
Social, Cultural, and Racial Identity	51	(18)
Social Identity Theory	51	(5)
Categorization	52	(2)
Identification	54	(1)
Social Comparison	54	(2)
Cultural Identity Theory	56	(3)
Critique of Identity Models	57	(1)
Cultural Identity Research	58	(1)
Race, Ethnicity, and Identity	59	(3)
Racial Identity	60	(1)
Race as Social Construction	60	(2)
Self as a Cultural Product	62	(4)
Individualism and Collectivism	63	(2)
Independence and Interdependence	65	(1)
Counseling Inferences	66	(3)
Cultural, Racial, and Ethnic Identity Models	69	(24)
Racial Identity Models	70	(14)
Black Identity	70	(3)
White Identity	73	(2)
Asian Identity	75	(2)
Biracial Identity	77	(3)
Racial and Cultural Identity Model (R/CID)	80	(2)
Optimal Theory Model	82	(1)
Ivey's Cultural Identity Model	82	(2)
Ethnic Identity	84	(4)
Ethnic Models	85	(1)
Ethnicity and Self-Concept Development	86	(2)
Multiple Identities	88	(2)
Self-Consciousness and Identity	90	(1)
Counseling Inferences	91	(2)
Sex, Gender, and Sexual Orientation Identity	93	(18)
Sex	93	(3)
Gender	96	(6)
Gender and Culture	97	(4)
Gender and Identity	101	(1)
Sexual Orientation Identity	102	(7)
Theories and Research Findings	104	(1)
Terminology	104	(2)
Sexual Orientation Identity and Development Models	106	(3)
Counseling Inferences	109	(2)
Family, Culture, and Self-Concept Development	111	(18)
Family Structure	112	(3)
Family and Culture	115	(10)
African American Families	115	(1)
Arab American Families	116	(2)
Asian American Families	118	(1)
European American Families	119	(1)
Jewish American Families	120	(2)
Latino/Hispanic Families	122	(1)
Native American Families	123	(2)
Family and Community Ties	125	(2)
Counseling Inferences	127	(2)
Ability, Attractiveness, Aging, and Self-Image	129	(18)
Physical Development and Self-Image	130	(4)
Body Stereotypes	131	(1)
Body Image and Self-Concept Development	132	(2)
Media	134	(1)
Ableism and Disability	134	(5)
Aging and Ageism	139	(7)
Common Stressors and Cultural Factors	140	(1)
Physical Appearance, Ability, and Disability	141	(1)
Ageism	142	(4)
Counseling Inferences	146	(1)
Spirituality, Religion, and Self-Concept Development	147	(16)
Historical Considerations	147	(2)
Defining Spirituality and Religion	149	(14)
Comparison of Spirituality and Religion	149	(2)
Culture-Specific Perspectives	151	(9)
Spirituality and Counseling	160	(1)
Counseling Inferences	161	(2)
Social Class and Economic Considerations	163	(14)
Socioeconomic Status and Social Class	164	(6)
Classism	167	(1)
Poverty	168	(2)
SES and Self-Concept Development	170	(3)
Affluence and Poverty	170	(1)
Gender, Race, and Marital Status	171	(1)
Stress	171	(2)
Counseling Inferences	173	(4)
Counseling and Cultural Diversity	177	(26)
Cultural Aspects of Counseling	177	(5)
Counseling Approaches and Skills	178	(3)
Cultural Bias in Counseling	181	(1)
Being a Culturally Effective Counselor	182	(11)
Multicultural Approaches	182	(8)
Skills of a Culturally Effective Counselor	190	(3)
Assessment, Diagnosis, and Treatment	193	(5)
Group Procedures with Diverse Clients	198	(1)
Advocacy, Conflict Resolution, and Social Justice	199	(2)
Counseling Inferences	201	(2)
Ethical and Legal Issues	203	(24)
Ethical Standards	203	(6)
National Board of Certified Counselors	204	(1)
American Counseling Association	205	(1)
National Organization for Human Service Education	206	(1)
Ethical Distinctions	206	(3)
Multicultural Competency	209	(5)
Competency I: Counselor's Awareness of Own Cultural Values and Biases	209	(2)
Competency II: Counselor's Awareness of Clients' Worldviews	211	(1)
Competency III: Culturally Appropriate Intervention Strategies	212	(2)
Human Service Education	214	(1)
Laws, Legal Issues, and Diverse Clients	214	(13)
Search for Freedom: A Chronology of Immigration and Citizenship Legislation	215	(2)
Equality and Justice for All: A History of Legislation and Court Rulings	217	(6)
Counseling Inferences	223	(4)
Research Issues and Future Considerations for Counseling Diverse Populations	227	(12)
Research Issues and Concerns	227	(4)
Measuring Cultural Perspectives	228	(1)
Racial/Ethnic Matching	228	(2)
Outcomes	230	(1)
Methodological Issues	230	(1)
Future Direction in Multicultural Research	231	(1)
Future Trends and Issues	232	(4)
Counseling Inferences	236	(3)
Appendix Diversity Websites	239	(6)
References	245	(18)
Author Index	263	(6)
Subject Index	269