Social Policy And Social Programs: A Method For The Practical Public Policy Analyst

by Chambers, Donald E.; Wedel, Kenneth R.

• ISBN13: 9780205408122
• ISBN10: 0205408125
• Edition: 4th
• Format: Paperback
• Copyright: 2005-01-01
• Publisher: Allyn & Bacon

Summary

This popular and practical text explores the basics of social policy and program analysis, including how to design new programs or evaluate and improve upon existing ones. Highlights of the Fourth Edition bull; bull;Provides students with the criteria for judging the effectiveness of current programs, enabling them to apply what they've learned to improve existing programs or to create new ones. bull;Features a model chapter that uses child welfare legislation to highlight methods of analysis and the results of the analysis, demonstrating for students the practical applications of theoretical concepts (Chapter 10). bull;Outlines a method for analyzing personal social services generally provided by social workers, such as counseling and therapeutic, supportive assistance, as well as ";hard benefits,"; such as food stamps, cash, or housing vouchers. What Reviewers Think: ";I found the text easy to follow...and practical in its identification of skills and information useful for practitioners in a variety of professional settings."; Carla M. Curtis, Ohio State University ";Social Policy and Social Programs provides a simple and concise model for analyzing social policies."; William E. Buffum, Barry University Don't Miss These Other Special Value Pack Option: Research Navigatortrade; Research Navigatortrade; can be a student's best friend when they're facing a large research project. Especially helpful with the toughest challenge-getting started-Research Navigatortrade; offers a comprehensive, step-by-step walk-through of the research process, along with access to some of the most respected source databases available. Access to Research Navigatortrade;-a $15 value-is FREE when packaged with a new Allyn & Bacon Social Work textbook! If this text did not come packaged with Research Navigatortrade;, look for it in your bookstore or visit http://www.researchnavigator.com today to purchase immediate access. Career Center Allyn & Bacon's Career Center offers registered students eight 30-minute sessions with a career specialist. This $25.00 retail value is FREE when packaged with any Social Work textbook. For more information visit www.ablongman.com/careercenter or contact your local Allyn & Bacon representative. Contact your local Allyn & Bacon representative and request a special packaging code to take advantage of these great offers.

Table of Contents

Preface	xi
PART ONE Creating the Context for Social Policy Analysis: The Social Problem and Judicial Contexts	1	(46)
Analyzing the Social Problem Background of Social Policies and Social Programs	7	(24)
The Nature of Social Problems	7	(1)
Social Problem Analysis	8	(15)
Problem Definition	10	(5)
Causes and Consequences	15	(3)
Ideology and Values	18	(1)
Gainers and Losers	19	(4)
Using the Conclusions of Social Problem Analysis to Design Social Policies and Programs and to Judge Their ``Fit'' to the Social Problem	23	(3)
Summary	26	(5)
The Judiciary as a Shaper of Social Policy, Program, and Practice	31	(16)
Introduction	31	(1)
How Are Public Programs Established and Funded? The Political and Legislative Processes	32	(13)
Legislative Tasks	32	(2)
The Regulatory Process Following Enactment	34	(1)
Role of the Judiciary	34	(4)
A Simple Framework for Examining Judicial Decisions	38	(4)
Using the Canon Framework to Analyze Judicial Decisions That Create or Alter Social Policy	42	(3)
Summary	45	(2)
PART TWO A Style of Policy Analysis for the Practical Public Policy Analyst	47	(166)
An Overview of a Style of Policy Analysis: A Value-Critical Approach	49	(13)
The Policy and Program Analysis Process: An Overview of the Six Fundamental Policy Elements	54	(3)
Criteria for a Value-Critical Appraisal of Social Policy and Programs	57	(3)
Summary	60	(2)
The Analysis of Policy Goals and Objectives in Social Programs and Policies	62	(28)
Introduction	62	(1)
Definitions and Basic Concepts for Analysis of Goals and Objectives	62	(2)
Different Types of Goals and Objectives	64	(1)
Manifest and Latent Goals	64	(1)
Distinguishing between Goals and Objectives	65	(1)
Objectives (Not Goals) Must Contain Target Group Specifications and Performance Standards	66	(1)
Purpose of Goals and Objectives	67	(3)
Setting Goals and Objectives in the Personal Social Services	70	(1)
Goals and Objectives Vary According to the Developmental Stage of the Program	71	(1)
Methods of Identifying Goals and Objectives	71	(3)
Step 1: Locate the Enabling Legislation	71	(1)
Step 2: Locate Legislative History	72	(1)
Step 3: Locate Staff and Committee Studies and Reports	72	(1)
Step 4: Check Other ``Official'' Sources	72	(1)
Locating Sources for Goals and Objectives in State-Administered and Private Social Programs	73	(1)
Evaluating Program or Policy System Goals and Objectives: A Value-Critical Approach	74	(3)
Evaluating the Fit between Goals and Objectives and the Social Problem Analysis	77	(1)
Evaluating Goals and Objectives against Traditional Economic Criteria: Adequacy, Equity, and Efficiency	78	(3)
Adequacy	78	(1)
Equity	79	(1)
Efficiency	80	(1)
Evaluation Criteria Specific to Goals and Objectives	81	(2)
Clarity	81	(1)
Measurability	82	(1)
Manipulability	82	(1)
Concern with Outcomes, Not Services Provided	83	(1)
The Analyst's Own Value Perspectives in Evaluating the Merit of Goals and Objectives	83	(2)
Some Special Problems in Evaluating Goals and Objectives in Personal Social Services	85	(2)
Summary	87	(3)
Who Gets What: The Analysis of Types of Benefits and Services	90	(19)
Introduction	90	(1)
A Classification Scheme for Benefit and Service Types	90	(5)
Summary of Types of Benefits and Services	95	(1)
Multiple and Interrelated Benefits	96	(1)
Criteria for Evaluating the Merit of Benefit and Service Types	96	(4)
Stigmatization, Cost-Effectiveness, Substitutability, Target Efficiency, and Trade-Offs	96	(3)
The Political and Public Administration Viewpoint	99	(1)
Criteria for Evaluating the Merit of Benefit Types: Consumer Sovereignty, Coercion, and Intrusiveness	100	(2)
Criteria for Evaluating the Fit of the Benefit/Service Type to the Social Problem Analysis	102	(4)
Criteria for Evaluating the Merit of Benefit Forms: Adequacy, Equity, and Efficiency	106	(1)
Summary	107	(2)
Who Gets What, How Much, and Under What Conditions: Analysis of Eligibility Rules	109	(32)
Introduction	109	(1)
Types of Eligibility Rules	110	(8)
Eligibility Rules Based on Prior Contributions	111	(1)
Eligibility by Administrative Rule and Regulation	112	(1)
Eligibility by Private Contract	112	(1)
Eligibility by Professional Discretion	113	(1)
Eligibility by Administrative Discretion	113	(2)
Eligibility by Judicial Decision	115	(1)
Eligibility by Means Testing	116	(2)
Establishing Attachment to the Workforce	118	(1)
Criteria for Evaluating the Merit of Eligibility Rules	118	(6)
Fit with the Social Problem Analysis	118	(2)
Criteria Specific to Eligibility Rules	120	(4)
Trade-Offs in Evaluating Eligibility Rules	124	(1)
Overwhelming Costs, Overutilization, and Underutilization	125	(4)
Work Disincentives, Incentives, and Eligibility Rules	129	(4)
Procreational Incentives, Marital Instability, and Generational Dependency	133	(2)
Opportunities for Political Interference via Weak Eligibility Rules	135	(2)
Summary	137	(4)
Analysis of Service-Delivery Systems and Social Policy and Program Design	141	(31)
Introduction	141	(1)
Social Policy and Program Design	141	(7)
Program Theory	143	(3)
Program Specification	146	(2)
Some Different Types of Administration and Delivery of Social Service Programs, Benefits, and Services	148	(12)
Centralized Service-Delivery Systems	148	(1)
Client-Centered Management and ``Inverted Hierarchy'' Service-Delivery Systems	149	(1)
Federated Service-Delivery Organizations	150	(1)
Case Management Service-Delivery Systems	151	(2)
Staffing with Indigenous Workers as a Service-Delivery Strategy	153	(2)
Referral Agencies in Delivering Social Service	155	(1)
Program Consumer/Beneficiary, Client-Controlled Organizations as a Service-Delivery Strategy	156	(1)
Racial, Ethnic, and Religious Agencies as a Service-Delivery Strategy	156	(4)
Privatization of Service Delivery	160	(1)
Criteria for Evaluating Service Delivery	161	(8)
Introduction	161	(1)
Evaluating Program Administration and Service Delivery: Services and Benefits Should Be Integrated and Continuous	161	(1)
Evaluating Program Administration and Service Delivery: Services and Benefits Should Be Easily Accessible	162	(1)
Evaluating Program Administration and Service Delivery: Organizations Should Be Accountable for Their Actions and Decisions	163	(3)
Evaluating Program Administration and Service Delivery: Citizens and Consumers Should Be Participating in Organizational Decision Making	166	(2)
Evaluating Program Administration and Service Delivery: Organizations and Their Staff Must Be Able to Relate to Racial, Gender, and Ethnic Diversity	168	(1)
Summary	169	(3)
How Do We Pay for Social Welfare Policies and Programs? Analysis of Financing	172	(34)
Introduction	172	(1)
Beginning Questions and Criteria for Analysis of Financing	172	(1)
Private Marketplace	173	(1)
Private Funding	174	(6)
Giving by Individuals	174	(2)
Bequests	176	(1)
Service Clubs	176	(1)
Other Charitable Service-Oriented Organizations	176	(1)
Corporations	177	(1)
Foundations	177	(1)
Agency-Based Fund-Raising	178	(1)
Community Fund-Raising	178	(2)
Employee Benefit Funding	180	(3)
Social Insurance as a Publicly Mandated Funding Approach	183	(5)
Social Security	183	(2)
Medicare	185	(1)
Unemployment Insurance	186	(1)
Workers' Compensation	187	(1)
Public/Government Funding	188	(10)
Federal Government Taxes	189	(1)
State and Local Government Taxes	190	(2)
Federal Government Appropriations and Reimbursements	192	(3)
Unfunded Policies	195	(1)
Program Funding Information	196	(2)
The Privatization Movement	198	(5)
Summary	203	(3)
Analysis of Interactions among Policy Elements	206	(7)
Introduction	206	(1)
Coentitlement	206	(2)
Disentitlement	208	(1)
Contrary Effects	209	(2)
Duplication	211	(1)
Summary	212	(1)
PART THREE Analysis of Social Policies and Social Programs Using Basic Concepts and Evaluation Criteria: An Example	213	(26)
An Example of Social Policy and Social Program Analysis: Selected Features of Federal Child Welfare Legislation of the 1970-1998 Era Concerned with Child Abuse	215	(24)
The Social Problem Context	215	(7)
Definition of the Social Problem	216	(1)
The Ideological Perspective	217	(3)
Causal Analysis	220	(2)
Gainers and Losers	222	(1)
The Judicial Context	222	(1)
The Historical Context	223	(2)
The Social Program and Policy System	225	(14)
Introduction	225	(1)
Goals and Objectives	225	(2)
Eligibility Rules	227	(1)
Form of Benefit and/or Service	228	(1)
Administration and Service Delivery	229	(4)
Financing	233	(1)
Interactions between Basic Policy Elements and between This and Other Programs	234	(5)
Bibliography	239	(10)
Index	249