The Social Worker and Psychotropic Medication Toward Effective Collaboration with Mental Health Clients, Families, and Providers

by Bentley, Kia J.; Walsh, Joseph

• ISBN13: 9780534515515
• ISBN10: 0534515517
• Edition: 3rd
• Format: Paperback
• Copyright: 2005-07-26
• Publisher: Cengage Learning

Summary

Presenting material within a contemporary framework of "partnership" practice that is rich with case examples, this up-to-date primer on psychopharmacology and psychosocial interventions serves as a useful resource for social work students and practitioners as they expand their daily roles in psychiatric medication management. Bentley and Walsh present all the facts, myths, and relevant information about psychotropic medication in an easy-to-access manner. Content on a variety of topics, including expanded coverage of children and adolescents, helps readers become more responsive to the medication-related concerns of mental health clients and work more collaboratively on these issues with families and other mental health care providers. Data from the authors' national survey of randomly selected NASW members provides readers with the information they need to be aware, articulate, and active with respect to clients' medication-related dilemmas, but also mindful of the sociopolitical context of prescription practice in psychiatry.

Table of Contents

List of Tables	xiii
Preface	xv
About the Authors	xvii
PART I SOCIAL WORK ROLES IN MEDICATION MANAGEMENT	1	(46)
1 History and Overview of Social Work Roles in Medication Management	3	(24)
Four Case Scenarios: Introduction to Social Workers' Roles	3	(4)
The Changing Roles of Social Workers	7	(3)
Historical Context of Intervention for People with Mental Illness	10	(3)
Treatment of People with Mental Illness Before 1950	10	(1)
The Rise of Psychiatric Social Work	11	(1)
The Introduction of Psychotropic Medications	12	(1)
Social Work Role Categories	13	(7)
Physician's Assistant	13	(1)
Consultant	14	(1)
Counselor	15	(1)
Monitor	16	(1)
Advocate	17	(1)
Educator	18	(1)
Researcher	19	(1)
Social Worker Roles and Professional Values	20	(1)
Current Medication-Related Activities of Social Workers	21	(3)
Summary	24	(2)
Topics for Discussion and Learning Activities	26	(1)
2 Defining Effective Collaboration	27	(20)
Principles of a Partnership Model of Practice	28	(6)
Appreciate Participants' Strengths and Limits	28	(1)
Embrace a Client-Centered Practice	29	(2)
Reconceptualize the Client-Clinician Relationship	31	(1)
Conceptualize the Role of the Social Worker as a Resource	32	(1)
Appreciate the Family Member's Perspective	33	(1)
Maintaining a Balanced Perspective	34	(6)
Rights of Individual, Family, and Society	34	(1)
Costs Versus Benefits of Medications	35	(2)
Expanded Roles with Regard to Related Professions	37	(3)
Integrating Psychosocial Interventions and Psychopharmacology	40	(5)
Competing Ideologies	40	(1)
Managing Parallel Treatment	41	(4)
Summary	45	(1)
Topics for Discussion and Learning Activities	45	(2)
PART II A PRIMER ON PSYCHOPHARMACOLOGY	47	(140)
3 Basic Principles of Neurotransmission, Pharmacokinetics, and Pharmacodynamics	49	(33)
The Central Nervous System	50	(5)
The Brain and Nervous System	51	(4)
Properties of Nerve Cells	55	(5)
Neuron Structure	55	(2)
Neuron Function	57	(3)
Neurotransmitters	60	(3)
Acetylcholine	61	(1)
Norepinephrine	61	(1)
Dopamine	61	(1)
Serotonin	61	(1)
Gamma Aminobutyric Acid (GABA)	62	(1)
Glutamate (Glutamic Acid)	62	(1)
How a Drug Moves Through the Body	63	(3)
Absorption	63	(1)
Distribution	64	(1)
Metabolism	65	(1)
Excretion	65	(1)
The Effects of a Drug on the Body	66	(3)
The Placebo Effect	68	(1)
Five Classes of Psychotropic Medication	69	(7)
Antipsychotic Medications	69	(2)
Antidepressant Medications	71	(1)
Mood-Stabilizing Drugs	72	(1)
Anti-Anxiety Medications	73	(2)
Psychostimulants	75	(1)
Adverse Effects of Psychotropic Medication	76	(4)
Adverse Physical Effects: Definitions	76	(2)
Adverse Physical Effects: Factors in Their Production	78	(1)
Adverse Psychological Effects	79	(1)
Adverse Social Effects	79	(1)
Summary	80	(1)
Topics for Discussion and Learning Activities	80	(2)
4 Specific Medications for Specific Disorders	82	(77)
Antipsychotic Medications	83	(1)
Symptoms of Psychotic Disorders	83	(4)
Specific Medications	87	(11)
Origins	87	(1)
Current Medications	88	(3)
Conventional Antipsychotic Medications	91	(2)
Adjunctive and Side-Effect Medications	93	(1)
Newer Antipsychotic Medication	94	(4)
Other Uses for Antipsychotic Medications	98	(1)
Case Examples	98	(2)
Antidepressant Medications	100	(1)
Symptoms of Mood Disorders	101	(1)
Specific Medications	102	(12)
Origins	102	(1)
Current Medications	103	(1)
Antidepressant Medications and Relapse Prevention	104	(1)
MAO Inhibitors	105	(2)
Cyclic Antidepressants	107	(3)
Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors	110	(1)
Atypical Antidepressants	111	(2)
Recent Advances in the Drug Treatment of Depression	113	(1)
Special Concerns with Children and Adolescents	114	(1)
Case Examples	114	(2)
Mood-Stabilizing Medications	116	(1)
Symptoms of Mania	117	(2)
Specific Medications	119	(11)
Origins	119	(1)
Current Medications: Lithium	120	(3)
Lithium for Relapse Prevention	123	(1)
Anticonvulsant Medications	124	(4)
Anticonvulsants for Relapse Prevention	128	(1)
Antipsychotic Medications Used with Bipolar Disorder	129	(1)
Antidepressant Medications Used with Bipolar Disorder	129	(1)
Case Examples	130	(3)
Anti-Anxiety Medications	133	(1)
Symptoms of Anxiety Disorders	133	(3)
Specific Medications	136	(1)
Origins	136	(1)
Current Medications	137	(6)
The Benzodiazepines	137	(3)
Buspirone	140	(1)
Antidepressants Used with Anxiety Disorders	141	(2)
Special Concerns with Children and Adolescents	143	(1)
Protocols for Medication Use with the Anxiety Disorders	144	(1)
Case Examples	144	(2)
The Psychostimulants	146	(1)
Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder	146	(1)
Ethical Issues in the Drug Treatment of Children	147	(2)
Specific Medications	149	(5)
Origins	149	(1)
Current Medications	149	(3)
Other Drugs Used to Treat ADHD	152	(2)
Case Examples	154	(3)
Summary	157	(1)
Topics for Discussion and Learning Activities	157	(2)
5 Intervention Concerns with Special Populations	159	(28)
Sex Differences	160	(3)
General Considerations	160	(1)
Neurotransmitters	161	(1)
Absorption	161	(1)
Distribution	161	(1)
Metabolism	162	(1)
Classes of Medication	162	(1)
Pregnancy	163	(2)
Classes of Medication	164	(1)
Sexual Adverse Effects of Medication	165	(1)
Older Adults	166	(5)
General Considerations	166	(2)
Classes of Medication	168	(3)
Medication Adherence	171	(1)
Children and Adolescents	171	(5)
General Considerations	171	(2)
Classes of Medication	173	(3)
Racial and Ethnic Differences	176	(5)
African Americans	178	(1)
People of Hispanic Culture	179	(1)
Asian Americans	180	(1)
People with a Dual Diagnosis of Mental Illness and Substance Abuse	181	(4)
Mental Illness and Alcohol Abuse	184	(1)
Summary	185	(1)
Topics for Discussion and Learning Activities	185	(2)
PART III KNOWLEDGE AND SKILLS FOR PSYCHOSOCIAL INTERVENTIONS	187	(68)
6 Medication Education for Clients and Families	189	(18)
Rationale for Medication Education	189	(5)
Issues in Implementing and Evaluating Medication Education	194	(6)
Content of Medication Education Programs	200	(5)
Summary	205	(1)
Topics for Discussion and Learning Activities	205	(2)
7 Medication Adherence and Refusal	207	(21)
Models for Understanding Adherence	210	(1)
Characteristics of the Client	210	(2)
Aspects of Treatment	212	(3)
Aspects of the Social Environment	215	(2)
Aspects of the Illness or Symptoms	217	(1)
Legal and Ethical Issues in Adherence and Refusal	218	(5)
Interventions to Assist in Medication Adherence	223	(3)
Summary	226	(1)
Suggestions for Class Activities and Assignments	227	(1)
8 Medication Monitoring and Management	228	(27)
Client Self-Monitoring of Medication	231	(3)
Using Existing Measures to Guide Monitoring	234	(3)
Concrete Steps for Coping with Adverse Effects	237	(3)
Decision Making and Problem Solving in Medication Management	240	(5)
Negotiating Medication Issues with Health Care Providers	245	(4)
Advocacy in Medication Management	249	(3)
Summary	252	(1)
Topics for Discussion and Learning Activities	253	(2)
PART IV FUTURE DIRECTIONS	255	(19)
9 Future Directions in Psychopharmacology and Implications for Social Workers	257	(17)
New Pharmaceutical Treatments	258	(3)
The Emergence of Herbal and Vitamin Treatments	261	(3)
Herbs	261	(2)
Vitamins	263	(1)
Expanding Prescription-Writing Privileges	264	(4)
Increased Public Scrutiny of Psychotropic Medications	268	(4)
Final Words	272	(1)
Topics for Discussion and Learning Activities	273	(1)
Glossary	274	(17)
References	291	(31)
Name Index	322	(5)
Subject Index	327	(6)
Alphabetical Listing of Currently Available Prescription Medications Described in This Book	333