Sociology Making Sense of the Social World

by Scott, BarBara Marliene; Schwartz, Mary Ann A.

• ISBN13: 9780205395910
• ISBN10: 0205395910
• Edition: 2nd
• Format: Paperback
• Copyright: 2005-08-01
• Publisher: Pearson

Summary

This brief introduction to sociology featuresintegrated coverage of social stratification and inequality; the application of social change theory and examination of individuals and organizations who work for social change; and the inclusion of feminism as one of the major sociological paradigms.

Author Biography

Barbara Marliene Scott is Professor of Sociology and Women's Studies at Northeastern Illinois University and Coordinator of the African and African American Studies Program. She is also the former Chair of the Department of Sociology, Criminal Justice, Social Work, and Women's Studies. Also, Dr. Scott is the President of the Association of Black Sociologists of the ASA.

Mary Ann Schwartz is Professor Emeritus, Northeastern Illinois University and former Chair of the Sociology Department. 

      Professors Scott and Schwartz share a number of academic and professional interests including: integrating the study of race, class, gender, and sexual orientation into the college curriculum; improving the academic climate for women; and union activism. Both Professors Scott and Schwartz have many years of union activism and service as organizers and officers of the local union that represents the Northeastern Illinois faculty.

Table of Contents

Preface	xiii
About the Authors	xviii
An Introduction to Sociology	2	(26)
Agent of Change: Rahul Raj	3	(1)
The Sociological Imagination	4	(1)
Defining Sociology	5	(1)
Applying the Sociological Imagination	5	(2)
Pre-and Nonscientific Ways of Looking at the World	6	(1)
Sociological Reflections: Sociology and the Other Social Sciences	7	(1)
The Development of Sociology	8	(1)
Searching the Internet: The Growth of Urbanization and Industrialization	9	(11)
Early Social Thinkers and Contributors to Sociological Knowledge	10	(3)
A Sociology of Sociology: Mainstreaming Missing and Neglected Scholars	13	(4)
American Sociology	17	(3)
Social Action, Social Policy, and Social Change	20	(1)
Looking toward the Future: Multiculturalism and Globalization	21	(1)
Applying the Sociological Imagination	22	(1)
Social Policy Debate: Does Globalization Increase Poverty and Hunger?	23	(5)
Key Points to Remember	24	(1)
Key Terms	25	(1)
Key People	25	(1)
Questions for Review and Discussion	25	(1)
For Further Reading	26	(1)
Sociology through Literature and Film	26	(1)
Internet Resources	26	(2)
Thinking and Working Sociologically	28	(26)
Agent of Change: Robert D. Bullard	29	(1)
The Link between Theory and Research	30	(1)
Social Policy Debate: Are Self-Regulation and Voluntary Compliance Effective Ways To Ensure A Safe Environment For All People	31	(1)
Applying the Sociological Imagination	32	(1)
Thinking Sociologically: Theoretical Paradigms	33	(5)
Structural Functionalism	33	(2)
Conflict Theory	35	(2)
Interactionist Paradigm	37	(1)
Applying the Sociological Imagination	38	(3)
Feminist Paradigms	39	(1)
Multiculturalism	40	(1)
Linking Theory and Research	40	(1)
Doing Sociology: The Research Process	41	(1)
Applying the Sociological Imagination	41	(3)
Defining the Problem	41	(1)
Reviewing the Literature	42	(1)
Choosing a Research Design and Collecting Data	42	(2)
Searching the Internet: Recent Findings of Public Opinion Surveys on the War In Iraq	44	(4)
Analyzing the Data and Drawing Conclusions	47	(1)
Ethical Issues in the Conduct of Scientific Research	48	(1)
The Politics of Doing Sociology	48	(1)
Sociological Reflections: Ethical Dilemmas In Scientific Research	49	(1)
Looking toward the Future: Scientific Research	50	(4)
Research and Technology	50	(1)
Research and Diversity	50	(1)
The Trend toward Activist Research	51	(1)
Key Points to Remember	51	(1)
Key Terms	51	(1)
Key People	52	(1)
Questions for Review and Discussion	52	(1)
For Further Reading	52	(1)
Sociology through Literature and Film	53	(1)
Internet Resources	53	(1)
Social Change, Collective Behavior, and Social Action	54	(26)
Agent of Change: Free Burma Coalition	55	(1)
Understanding Social Change	56	(2)
Theories of Social Change	57	(1)
Applying the Sociological Imagination	58	(1)
Social Policy Debate: Human Cloning: Ethics, Politics, and Social Policies	59	(2)
Forces of Social Change	61	(1)
Searching the Internet: Financial Costs of Various Wars In 1990 Dollars	61	(1)
Collective Behavior, Social Action, and Social Change	62	(6)
Explaining Collective Behavior	63	(1)
Forms of Collective Behavior	64	(4)
Applying the Sociological Imagination	68	(1)
Social Movements	68	(5)
Explaining Social Movements	69	(2)
Types of Social Movements	71	(2)
Cultural Snapshot: The War in Iraq and Women's Rights	73	(1)
Resistance to Social Change	74	(1)
Looking toward the Future: Predicting Social Change	75	(5)
Key Points to Remember	76	(1)
Key Terms	77	(1)
Key People	77	(1)
Questions for Review and Discussion	77	(1)
For Further Reading	78	(1)
Sociology through Literature and Film	78	(1)
Internet Resources	79	(1)
The Dynamics of Social Behavior: Human Cultures	80	(36)
Agent of Change: Ngugi Wa Thiong'O	81	(2)
What Is Culture?	83	(1)
Applying the Sociological Imagination	83	(1)
Components of Culture	84	(2)
The Symbolic Component	84	(2)
Sociological Reflections: George Bush and the Use of Religious Language To Justify the Iraq War	86	(4)
The Normative Component	87	(2)
The Cognitive Component	89	(1)
Searching the Internet: Death, Burial, and Culture	90	(4)
The Material Component	94	(1)
Understanding Other Cultures	94	(1)
Cultural Unity and Diversity	95	(1)
Diversity within Cultures	95	(1)
Cultural Snapshot: Food For Thought: Eating Habits Cross-Culturally	96	(4)
Subcultures	97	(1)
Countercultures	98	(1)
Cultural Relativity and Ethnocentrism	99	(1)
Multiculturalism versus Cultural Hegemony	100	(2)
Culture and Social Change	101	(1)
Globalization of Culture	101	(1)
Understanding Culture: Theoretical Perspectives of Culture	102	(1)
Conflict Perspective	102	(1)
Feminist Perspectives	103	(1)
Functional Perspective	103	(1)
Interactionist Perspective	103	(1)
Looking toward the Future: Politics versus the Viability of Culture	103	(1)
Culture Wars	104	(1)
Social Policy Debate: The Janet Jackson Bosom Debate and Media Regulation	104	(2)
Cultural Snapshot: The Marsh Arabs	106	(10)
Key Points to Remember	107	(1)
Key Terms	108	(1)
Key People	108	(1)
Questions for Review and Discussion	108	(1)
For Further Reading	108	(1)
Sociology through Literature and Film	109	(1)
Internet Resources	109	(7)
Social Structure, Groups, and Organizations	116	(22)
Agent of Change: Amnesty International	117	(2)
Understanding Social Structure	119	(1)
Status	119	(1)
Searching the Internet: Internet Dissenters	120	(1)
Agent of Change: One Man's Visions: Milton Mizenburg	121	(1)
Role	121	(1)
Cultural Snapshot: Widowhood and Loss of Status In India	122	(2)
Social Groups	124	(1)
Types of Groups	124	(1)
Sociological Reflections: High School Hazing	125	(4)
Social Networks	127	(1)
Group Dynamics: The Effects of Group Size	128	(1)
The Power of Groups: Conformity and Groupthink	128	(1)
Formal Organizations	129	(1)
Types of Formal Organizations	129	(1)
Applying the Sociological Imagination	130	(1)
Bureaucracies	131	(2)
Characteristics of Bureaucracies	131	(1)
Bureaucratic Dysfunctions	132	(1)
Bureaucracy's Other Face: Informal Structures	133	(1)
Social Institutions	133	(1)
Looking toward the Future: Structural Trends	134	(1)
Social Policy Debate: Is The 2001 USA Patriot Act Good For America?	135	(3)
Key Points to Remember	136	(1)
Key Terms	136	(1)
Key People	136	(1)
Questions for Review and Discussion	136	(1)
For Further Reading	137	(1)
Sociology through Literature and Film	137	(1)
Internet Resources	137	(1)
Socialization: The Process of Becoming Human	138	(24)
Agent of Change: Strive National and Rob Carmona	139	(1)
The Meaning of Socialization	140	(2)
Becoming Human: The Nature--Nurture Debate	141	(1)
The Significance of Socialization	141	(1)
Understanding the Process of Socialization	142	(3)
Personality Development: Sigmund Freud	142	(1)
Cognitive Development: Jean Piaget	142	(1)
Moral Development: Jean Piaget and Lawrence Kohlberg	143	(1)
Gender Differences in Moral Development: Carol Gilligan	143	(1)
The Development of the Social Self	144	(1)
Agents of Socialization	145	(2)
Family	145	(1)
Peers	145	(1)
School	146	(1)
The Mass Media	146	(1)
Cultural Snapshot: The Problem with Bullies	147	(2)
Children and Reverse Socialization	149	(1)
The Impact of Race, Class, and Gender on Socialization	149	(1)
Racial/Ethnic/Biracial Socialization	149	(1)
Applying the Sociological Imagination	150	(2)
Social Class Socialization	151	(1)
Gender Socialization	151	(1)
Socialization through the Life Course	152	(3)
Stages in the Life Course	153	(2)
Searching The Internet: Talking About the Issues: Parent/Child Communication	155	(1)
Desocialization, Resocialization, and Total Institutions	156	(1)
Looking toward the Future: Socialization Issues	156	(1)
The Digital Divide: Race/Ethnicity, Class, and Gender	156	(1)
Social Policy Debate: Do Juvenile Boot Camps Resocialize Adolescents?	157	(1)
Sociological Reflections: Becoming a ``Rat''	158	(4)
Deficit Parenting	158	(1)
Coping with Terrorist Threats	159	(1)
Key Points to Remember	160	(1)
Key Terms	160	(1)
Key People	160	(1)
Questions for Review and Discussion	160	(1)
For Further Reading	161	(1)
Sociology through Literature and Film	161	(1)
Internet Resources	161	(1)
Societies and Human Sexualities	162	(34)
Agent of Change: The Exotic Dancers Union	163	(2)
The Sociology of Human Sexuality	165	(1)
Applying the Sociological Imagination	165	(1)
Cultural Snapshot: Human Sexuality Across Cultures	166	(1)
Human Sexuality across Time	167	(4)
Twentieth-Century Sexuality	168	(1)
Contemporary Sexual Attitudes and Behavior in the United States	169	(2)
Theories on Human Sexuality	171	(1)
Social Policy Debate: Does Abstience Make the Heart Grow Fonder?	172	(2)
The Social Construction of Human Sexuality	174	(2)
Sources of Sexual Learning	175	(1)
Applying the Sociological Imagination	176	(4)
Sexual Identities	180	(6)
Measuring and Documenting Sexual Orientations	181	(1)
Heterosexualities	182	(1)
Homosexualities and Bisexualities	182	(3)
Transsexuality	185	(1)
The Exercise of Power through Coercive Sexuality	186	(2)
Sexual Assault: The Case of Rape	187	(1)
Searching the Internet: Rape and Sexual Assault	188	(2)
Agent of Change: Sharon Mitchell	190	(1)
Sexual Responsibility	191	(1)
Looking toward the Future: Issues Pertaining to Human Sexuality	192	(4)
Key Points to Remember	193	(1)
Key Terms	193	(1)
Key People	193	(1)
Questions for Review and Discussion	194	(1)
For Further Reading	194	(1)
Sociology through Literature and Film	195	(1)
Internet Resources	195	(1)
Deviance	196	(26)
Agents of Change: Professor David Protess and Student Volunteers At Northwestern University's Medill School of Journalism	197	(1)
Understanding Deviance	198	(1)
Social Policy Debate: Should Capital Punishment Be Retained In the United States?	199	(3)
Norms	200	(1)
Time	200	(1)
Place	201	(1)
Actor	201	(1)
Audience	201	(1)
Applying the Sociological Imagination	202	(1)
The Range and Variability of Deviance	202	(1)
Cultural Snapshot: Cannibalism	203	(1)
Forms of Deviance	203	(1)
Agent of Change: Operation Smile	204	(1)
Crime	204	(1)
Searching the Internet: Crime and Victimization In the United States	205	(4)
Applying the Sociological Imagination	209	(2)
Drugs	209	(1)
Deviance in Families	210	(1)
Becoming Deviant: Theoretical Perspectives	211	(5)
Individualistic Explanations for Deviance	211	(1)
Sociological Theories of Deviance	212	(4)
Deviance and Social Control	216	(1)
Looking toward the Future: New Forms of Deviance and Social Control	216	(1)
The Globalization of Crime	216	(1)
Living on the Outside: The Social Impact of a Growing Post-Prison Population	217	(2)
Sociological Reflections: Creative Sentencing	219	(3)
Key Points to Remember	219	(1)
Key Terms	220	(1)
Key People	220	(1)
Questions for Review and Discussion	220	(1)
For Further Reading	221	(1)
Sociology through Literature and Film	221	(1)
Internet Resources	221	(1)
Social Stratification: The Structure of Inequalities	222	(38)
Agents of Change: Maeza Ashenafi and Sara Longwe	223	(2)
The Study of Social Stratification: Defining Concepts	225	(1)
Social Stratification and Inequality: A Persistent Link	225	(1)
Social Differentiation and Social Inequality	225	(1)
Variations in Systems of Stratification and Inequality	226	(2)
Caste Systems of Inequality	226	(1)
Estate Systems of Inequality	226	(1)
Class Systems of Inequality	227	(1)
Theoretical Perspectives on Socioeconomic Stratification	228	(4)
A Conflict Perspective of Inequality: The Tradition of Karl Marx	229	(1)
The Tradition of Max Weber	230	(1)
Davis's and Moore's Functionalist View	231	(1)
Applying the Sociological Imagination	232	(2)
Some Principles of Social Stratification: A Critique	232	(2)
Searching the Internet: Inheritable Wealth In the United States: the Source of Wealth of the Forbes 500	234	(1)
Socioeconomic Stratification and Inequality in the United States	235	(2)
The Distribution of Income and Wealth in the United States	235	(2)
Social Policy Debate: Does the United States Need A More Progressive Tax Structure?	237	(11)
The Distribution of Power and Prestige in the United States	242	(1)
The Class Structure and Accompanying Lifestyles	243	(5)
A Closer Look at Social Class in the United States	248	(2)
Social Mobility: Ideology and Actuality	249	(1)
The Distribution of Poverty	250	(1)
Applying the Sociological Imagination	250	(5)
Explaining Poverty: Personal Trouble or Public Issue?	253	(2)
Global Stratification and Inequality	255	(1)
Global Inequality: Theoretical Perspectives	255	(1)
Looking toward the Future: Closing the Inequality Gap or More of the Same?	256	(4)
Waging War on Inequalities, Not on People	256	(1)
Key Points to Remember	257	(1)
Key Terms	258	(1)
Key People	258	(1)
Questions for Review and Discussion	258	(1)
For Further Reading	258	(1)
Sociology through Literature and Film	259	(1)
Internet Resources	259	(1)
Race, Ethnicity, and Structured Inequalities	260	(46)
Agent of Change: Susan Shown Harjo	261	(1)
Race, Ethnicity, and the Sociological Imagination	262	(1)
Racism as Ideology: Creating Racial, Ethnic, and Minority Groups	263	(3)
Race as a Biological Concept	263	(1)
Race and Ethnicity as Social Constructions	264	(2)
Sociological Reflections: Racial Formation and the U.S. Census Bureau	266	(3)
The Matter of Whiteness and Privilege	269	(1)
Whiteness	269	(1)
White Privilege	269	(1)
The Social Construction of a ``Minority'' and a ``Majority'' Group	270	(1)
Applying the Sociological Imagination	270	(6)
Attitudes and Action: Prejudice, Racism, and Discrimination	271	(4)
The Declining or Inclining Significance of Race?	275	(1)
Affirmative Action or Reverse Discrimination?	276	(1)
Theories of Race and Ethnic Inequality	277	(2)
Social Psychological Theories	277	(1)
Social Structural Theories	278	(1)
Feminist Sociological Theory	278	(1)
Historical Patterns of Race and Ethnic Relations	279	(4)
Assimilation	279	(1)
Pluralism	279	(1)
Segregation	279	(1)
Subjugation and Extermination	280	(3)
Searching the Internet: Twenty-First-Century Slavery: A Modern Reality	283	(1)
The Social Construction of Race and Ethnicity in the United States	284	(1)
Agent of Change: Samantha Power	285	(15)
Native Americans	285	(4)
African Americans	289	(2)
Asian Americans	291	(3)
Latinas/os	294	(3)
European Americans	297	(2)
The Changing American Mosaic: Immigration and Diversity	299	(1)
Looking toward the Future: The Continuing Significance of Race, Ethnicity, and Racism as National and Global Issues	300	(6)
Key Points to Remember	302	(1)
Key Terms	303	(1)
Key People	303	(1)
Questions for Review and Discussion	303	(1)
For Further Reading	303	(1)
Sociology through Literature and Film	304	(1)
Internet Resources	304	(2)
Inequalities of Gender and Age	306	(28)
Agent of Change: Shirin Ebadi	307	(1)
Understanding Gender Stratification	308	(1)
Sociological Reflections: How Much Is A Corporate Wife Worth?	309	(1)
Distinguishing between Sex and Gender	309	(1)
Searching the Internet: Gender Stratification	310	(1)
Work and Gender in the United States	310	(4)
Labor Force Participation	310	(1)
Occupational Segregation and Concentration	311	(1)
The Gender Gap in Earnings	312	(1)
Explaining Gender Inequities in the Workplace	312	(2)
Consequences of the Gender Gap	314	(1)
Educational Inequities	314	(1)
Social Policy Debate: Should the United States Adopt Pay Equity Policies?	315	(1)
Applying the Sociological Imagination	316	(1)
Gender and Political Structures	317	(2)
Cultural Snapshot: Trafficking In Women and Mass Rape	319	(2)
Sexual Harassment	320	(1)
Looking toward the Future: Gender Mainstreaming	321	(1)
Searching the Internet: Reports of Sexual Harassment: A Global View	321	(1)
Aging and Society	322	(1)
The Graying of America and the World	322	(2)
Agent of Change: Maggie Kuhn
Changing Age Norms	324	(1)
Sociological Reflections: 100 and Still Going Strong	325	(1)
Applying the Sociological Imagination	326	(1)
America's Elderly	326	(2)
Race and Ethnicity	326	(1)
Gender and Marital Status	327	(1)
Aging and Poverty: Intersections of Race, Ethnicity, and Gender	327	(1)
Sociological Explanations of the Aging Process	328	(1)
Structural Functionalism	328	(1)
Symbolic Interactionism	329	(1)
Conflict Theory	329	(1)
Looking toward the Future: The Challenges of an Aging Population	329	(1)
The Rising Cost of Health Care and Prescription Drugs	329	(1)
A Changing Kinship Structure	330	(4)
Key Points to Remember	330	(1)
Key Terms	331	(1)
Key People	331	(1)
Questions for Review and Discussion	331	(1)
For Further Reading	332	(1)
Sociology through Literature and Film	332	(1)
Internet Resources	333	(1)
Marriages and Families: Intimacy in Social Life	334	(42)
Agent of Change: Marian Wright Edelman and the Children's Defense Fund	335	(1)
Contrasting Views of Families	336	(1)
Marriages and Families: Basic Concepts	337	(1)
Social Policy Debate: Advocates and Foes: The Debate Over Gay Marriage	338	(2)
Contemporary Family Forms	338	(2)
Searching the Internet: A Snapshot of America's Changing Families	340	(1)
Changing Fertility Patterns in the United States	340	(1)
Marriages and Families Cross-Culturally	341	(3)
Polygamy in the United States	341	(2)
Applying the Sociological Imagination	343
Cenogamy	342	(2)
Sociological Reflections: Mixed-Race Families In the United States	344	(2)
Cultural Snapshot: The Khasis of Meghalaya	346	(1)
Theoretical Views of Marriages and Families	347	(3)
Functionalist Theory	347	(2)
Conflict Theory	349	(1)
Symbolic Interaction Theory	350	(1)
Developing Intimate Relationships	350	(1)
Courtship and Marriage	350	(1)
Applying the Sociological Imagination	350	(3)
The Parenting Decision	352	(1)
The Intersection of Work and Family	353	(4)
Work and Family Structures	353	(2)
The Impact of Changing Work/Family Patterns	355	(2)
Divorce	357	(3)
Socioeconomic Changes and Divorce	358	(1)
Marital Risk Factors, Marital Problems, and Divorce	359
Consequences of Divorce	259	(100)
Applying the Sociological Imagination	359	(1)
Single-Parent Families	360	(1)
Death of a Spouse	361	(1)
Death of a Parent, Child, and Sibling	362	(1)
Remarriage	362	(1)
Strengthening Marriages	362	(1)
Looking toward the Future: Confronting Family Violence and Economic Uncertainty	363	(2)
Violence: A Threat to the Mental and Physical Stability of Families	363	(2)
Economic Uncertainty: A Threat to Family Formation and Stability	365	(11)
Key Points to Remember	366	(1)
Key Terms	367	(1)
Key People	367	(1)
Questions for Review and Discussion	367	(1)
For Further Reading	368	(1)
Sociology through Literature and Film	368	(1)
Internet Resources	368	(8)
Religion and Education	376	(36)
Agent of Change: Reverend Michael Pfleger	377	(1)
The Interactive Influence of Religion and Education	378	(1)
The Meaning of Religion	379	(1)
Sociological Perspectives on Religion	379	(3)
The Functionalist Perspective	379	(1)
The Conflict Perspective	380	(1)
The Feminist Perspective	381	(1)
Social Policy Debate: Should Taxpayer Dollars Support Faith-Based Initiatives?	382	(1)
The Symbolic Interaction Perspective	382	(1)
Forms of Religious Organization	382	(4)
Churches	383	(2)
Sects	385	(1)
Cults (New Religious Movements)	385	(1)
Sociological Reflections: Symbols In Conflict	386	(1)
Religion in the Information Age	387	(1)
Religion in the United States and Europe	387	(1)
Religion and Politics	388	(1)
Looking toward the Future: The Growth of Fundamentalism(s) and the Rise of Religious Nationalism	389	(1)
The Growth of Fundamentalism(s)	389	(1)
Searching the Internet: Attitudes Regarding Religion and the Political Order	389	(1)
The Rise of Religious Nationalism	390	(1)
Education as a Social Institution	390	(1)
Education in the United States: Sociological Perspectives	391	(1)
The Consequences of Education: A Functionalist Perspective	391	(1)
Cultural Snapshot: Islamic Madrassas	392	(3)
Education and Social Inequality: A Conflict Perspective	393	(2)
Sociological Reflections: The Strange History of Educational Inequality: Remembering Brown Vs. Board of Education 50+ Years Later	395	(4)
Searching the Internet: The American Family Profile: The Intersections of Race and Gender In Institutions Of Higher Education	399	(1)
Education as Process: An Interaction Perspective	400	(1)
Feminist Perspectives	400	(1)
Challenges and Issues in Contemporary Education	400	(5)
Violence in Schools	401	(1)
Educational Reform	402	(1)
Applying the Sociological Imagination	402	(2)
School Restructuring	404	(1)
Social Policy Debate: Making Things Better or Worse?: the No Child Left Behind Act	405	(3)
Looking toward the Future: Meeting New Educational Challenges in Changing Times---Reform or New Forms?	408	(4)
Key Points to Remember	409	(1)
Key Terms	410	(1)
Questions for Review and Discussion	410	(1)
For Further Reading	410	(1)
Sociology through Literature and Film	411	(1)
Internet Resources	411	(1)
The Economy, Work, and Politics	412	(34)
Agents of Change: Cesar Chavez, Dolores Huerta, and the United Farm Workers	413	(2)
Types of Economic Systems	415	(3)
Capitalism	415	(1)
Socialism	416	(1)
Mixed Economies	417	(1)
Assessing Capitalism and Socialism	417	(1)
Cultural Snapshot: Changing Lifestyles: Russia's New ``Mall Rats''	418	(1)
Social Policy Debate: Should the Government Restrict the Corporate Practice Of Offshoring?	419	(2)
The Underground Economy	420	(1)
The Emergence of Global Capitalism: Benefits and Costs	421	(3)
The Unprecedented Wealth and Power of Transnational Corporations	421	(1)
The Two Faces of Transnational Corporations	421	(3)
The Meaning of Work	424	(1)
The Relationship between Work and Society	424	(1)
Applying the Sociological Imagination	424	(5)
The Changing Nature of Work	425	(2)
Unions and Labor-Management Relationships	427	(2)
The Nature of Power and Authority	429	(1)
Searching the Internet: Facts on Child Labor	429	(1)
Agents of Change: Eli Pariser and Moveon.Org	430	(3)
Types of Authority	431	(1)
Models of Power and Authority	431	(2)
Applying the Sociological Imagination	433	(2)
The Disenfranchised	433	(1)
Who Votes in America?	434	(1)
Types of Political Systems	435	(1)
Agent of Change: ``Granny D''	436	(2)
Democracy	437	(1)
Monarchy	437	(1)
Authoritarianism	437	(1)
Totalitarianism	438	(1)
Militarism and the Military	438	(1)
The Changing Face of Today's Military	438	(1)
Sociological Reflections: the Abu Ghraib Prison Scandal	439	(1)
Social Policy Debate: Should the United States Reinstitute the Draft?	440	(2)
Looking toward the Future: Globalization--Progressive Transformation or Violent Backlash?	442	(4)
Key Points to Remember	442	(1)
Key Terms	443	(1)
Key People	443	(1)
Questions for Review and Discussion	444	(1)
For Further Reading	444	(1)
Sociology through Literature and Film	444	(1)
Internet Resources	445	(1)
Health, Wellness, and the Delivery of Health Care: National and International Concerns	446	(36)
Agent of Change: Doctors Without Borders	447	(2)
Defining Concepts	449	(1)
Indicators of Health and Wellness	449	(1)
Searching the Internet: Indicators Of Health, By World Areas, 2004	450	(1)
The Social Construction of Health and Wellness	450	(2)
The Medicalization of Health and Illness	451	(1)
Sociological Perspectives of Health and Wellness	452	(1)
The Structural Functionalist Perspective	452	(1)
Sociological Reflections: Is Religion Good For Your Health?	453	(3)
The Conflict Perspective	454	(1)
Feminist Perspectives	455	(1)
The Symbolic Interactionist Perspective	455	(1)
Factors Affecting Health and Wellness in the United States	456	(6)
Race and Health	456	(1)
Class and Health	456	(1)
Gender and Health	457	(1)
Sexual Orientation and Health	458	(1)
Disabilities and Health	459	(1)
Intersectionalities: Race, Class, Gender, Sexual Orientation, and Disabilities	460	(1)
Problems of Access to and Utilization of Health Care Systems	460	(2)
Mental Health and Disorders in the United States	462	(2)
Health and Wellness: Global Perspectives	464	(1)
Water and Sanitation Issues	464	(1)
The Emergence and Reemergence of Infectious Diseases	464	(1)
Agent of Change: Ryan's Well	465	(5)
Current Issues in the U.S. Health Care System	470	(4)
The High Cost of Health Care	470	(2)
Malpractice and Defensive Medicine	472	(1)
The Role of Alternative Medicine	473	(1)
Death and Dying	474	(2)
The Process of Dying	474	(1)
The Hospice Movement	475	(1)
Social Policy Debate: Whose Life Is It?	476	(1)
Looking toward the Future: The Challenge of Keeping the World's Population Healthy	477	(5)
Globalization of Infectious Diseases	478	(1)
The Impact of Changing Demographics on Health and Wellness	478	(1)
Key Points to Remember	479	(1)
Key Terms	479	(1)
Key People	479	(1)
Questions for Review and Discussion	480	(1)
For Further Reading	480	(1)
Sociology through Literature and Film	480	(1)
Internet Resources	481	(1)
Epilogue Social Action: By Whom? Social Change: For Whom?	482	(8)
Agent of Change: Project South: Institute For the Elimination of Poverty and Genocide	483	(2)
Introduction	485	(1)
Social Action: By Whom?	486	(1)
Social Change: For Whom?	486	(1)
A Macro Perspective: Traditional and Modern Societies	486	(1)
A Micro Perspective: Individuals and Groups within Society	487	(1)
Responding to Social Change: Convergence, Conflict, or . . .	487	(1)
The Future World Order	487	(1)
Final Thoughts: Social Change and You	488	(1)
Looking toward the Future: Taking Action for Social Change	489	(1)
Glossary	490	(7)
References	497	(27)
Author Index	524	(7)
Subject Index	531