Sociology of Mental Illness, A

by Tausig, Mark; Michello, Janet; Subedi, Sree

• ISBN13: 9780134596372
• ISBN10: 0134596374
• Format: Paperback
• Copyright: 2004-01-01
• Publisher: Pearson College Div

Summary

Summarizing mental health research conducted by sociologists over the last 30 years, "A Sociology of Mental Illness" provides a consistent narrative that emphasizes how social statuses and social roles affect mental health. The mental health treatment system and the public's reaction to mental illness are also comprehensively discussed. Topics include social causes and consequences of mental illness; social statuses, such as gender, socioeconomic status, race/ethnicity, age, and community; deviant behavior; and the challenges of community mental health. For those in the fields of sociology, psychology, nursing, and social workers.

Table of Contents

PREFACE	xiii
CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION: SOCIAL CAUSES AND CONSEQUENCES OF MENTAL ILLNESS	1	(16)
Biological and Psychological Perspectives	1	(2)
The Medical Model	2	(1)
The Sociological Perspective	3	(4)
The Origins of the Sociological Study of the Stress Process	4	(2)
The Current Sociological Study of the Stress Process	6	(1)
Statuses and Roles as Causes of Distress	7	(1)
Social Reactions to Mental Illness	8	(5)
The Labeling of Deviant Behavior as Mental Illness	9	(1)
The Relationship between Public Attitudes and Professional Labels	10	(1)
The Medicalization of Deviant Behavior as Mental Illness	11	(1)
Mental Hospitals and Community-Based Care	12	(1)
A Sociology of Mental Illness	13	(1)
A Note on Terminology	14	(3)
Distress, Deviance, and Mental Illness	14	(3)
PART I: SOCIAL CAUSES OF MENTAL ILLNESS	17	(86)
CHAPTER 2 THE STRESS PROCESS AND MENTAL ILLNESS	17	(8)
The Biological Basis of Stress	17	(3)
The Bio-Social Basis of Stress	20	(1)
The Socio-Medical Model	21	(1)
The Sociological Model	21	(2)
Linking Stress with Mental Illness	23	(1)
Summary	23	(2)
CHAPTER 3 SOCIAL STATUS: GENDER	25	(7)
How Gender Is Defined	25	(1)
The Relationship between Gender and Mental Health	26	(1)
Social Status Explanations of Distress	26	(2)
Social Role Explanations of Distress	28	(3)
Role Occupancy	28	(1)
Role Fulfillment	29	(1)
Multiple Roles	29	(1)
Role Strain	30	(1)
Summary	31	(1)
CHAPTER 4 SOCIAL STATUS: SOCIOECONOMIC STATUS AND RACE/ETHNICITY	32	(13)
Socioeconomic Status (SES) and Well-Being	33	(8)
Explaining the Relationship	34	(2)
The Socioeconomic Distribution of Stressors	36	(1)
The Socioeconomic Distribution of Resources	37	(3)
Section Summary	40	(1)
Race/Ethnicity and Distress	41	(4)
CHAPTER 5 SOCIAL STATUS: AGE	45	(12)
The Age Trajectory of Distress	46	(1)
Age, Resources, and Distress	47	(6)
Children and Adolescents	48	(2)
Young Adults	50	(1)
Middle-Aged Adults	51	(1)
Older Adults	52	(1)
The Cumulative Nature of Well-Being	53	(3)
Cumulative Advantage	54	(1)
Cumulative Adversity	55	(1)
Summary	56	(1)
CHAPTER 6 SOCIAL ROLES: SPOUSE, PARENT	57	(12)
Marriage, Marital Roles, and Emotional Well-Being	58	(2)
Aggregate Changes in Family Structure as a Source of Distress	60	(1)
Marital Status Transitions	61	(2)
Impact of Parental Roles on Emotional Well-Being	63	(2)
Gender Differences	65	(2)
Summary	67	(2)
CHAPTER 7 SOCIAL ROLES: WORKER	69	(17)
The Economy, Labor Markets, and Distress	70	(5)
The Effects of Unemployment	71	(1)
Economic Cycles and Unemployment	72	(1)
Downsizing	72	(1)
Shifts in the Economic Distribution of Jobs	73	(1)
Deskilling of Jobs	74	(1)
Temporary and Contingent Jobs	74	(1)
Job Conditions and Distress	75	(5)
Job Demands and Decision Latitude	76	(2)
Job Complexity, Co-Worker Support, and Job Security	78	(1)
The Effects of the General Economy on Job Conditions	79	(1)
Gender, SES, Race, and Job Conditions	80	(5)
Gender Effects	81	(1)
Socioeconomic Status Effects	82	(1)
Race/Ethnicity Effects	83	(2)
Summary	85	(1)
CHAPTER 8 THE INTERSECTION OF STATUSES AND ROLES	86	(17)
The Intersection of Gender, Work, and Family	88	(3)
Some Non-Normative Cases	91	(6)
Single Mothers	92	(2)
Caregivers	94	(3)
Combining Statuses and Roles to Predict Distress	97	(4)
Section Summary	100	(1)
A Note on the Limitations of This Discussion	101	(2)
PART II: SOCIAL REACTIONS TO MENTAL ILLNESS	103	(107)
CHAPTER 9 LABELING DEVIANT BEHAVIOR AS MENTAL ILLNESS	103	(17)
Deviant Behavior as Mental Illness	104	(1)
Societal Reactions to Deviant Behavior: Social Control	104	(1)
The Labeling of Deviant Behavior and Deviants	105	(7)
Critique and Modifications	109	(3)
Family Reactions to Deviant Behavior	115	(1)
Non-Family Reactions to Deviant Behavior	115	(1)
Social Status and Labeling	116	(2)
Summary	118	(2)
CHAPTER 10 THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN PUBLIC ATTITUDES AND PROFESSIONAL LABELS	120	(18)
Public Attitudes	121	(4)
Reactions to Being Labeled	124	(1)
Why a Negative Stereotype Develops	125	(1)
Professional Labels	125	(8)
The Classification of Mental Disorders	127	(3)
Disorders Usually First Diagnosed in Infancy, Childhood, or Adolescence	130	(1)
Delirium, Dementia, and Amnestic and Other Cognitive Disorders	131	(1)
Substance-Related Disorders	131	(1)
Schizophrenic Disorders	131	(1)
Mood Disorders	132	(1)
Anxiety Disorders	132	(1)
Sexual and Gender Disorders, Eating Disorders, Sleep Disorders, Impulse-Control Disorders, Adjustment Disorders, and Personality Disorders	132	(1)
How Changes Are Made in the DSM	133	(1)
The Objectivity of Diagnosis	134	(2)
Summary	136	(2)
CHAPTER 11 MEDICALIZATION OF DEVIANT BEHAVIOR AND MENTAL ILLNESS	138	(19)
Deviant Behavior and Its Control	140	(2)
Illness as Deviant Behavior	141	(1)
The Medicalization of Deviant Behavior	142	(6)
The Medicalization Process	144	(2)
Benefits of Medicalization	146	(1)
Costs of Medicalization	146	(2)
The Medicalization of Madness	148	(1)
The Prevalence of Mental Illness in the General Population	148	(3)
The Social Distribution of Mental Illness	151	(2)
Deviant Behavior or Biological Dysfunction?	153	(2)
Summary	155	(2)
CHAPTER 12 THE HISTORY OF SOCIETAL REACTIONS TO MENTAL ILLNESS	157	(16)
Definitions of Deviance and Societal Responses across Cultures	157	(4)
Common Explanations	158	(1)
Non-Western Definitions and Societal Responses	159	(2)
Definitions and Societal Responses in Early Western Culture	161	(6)
The Middle Ages	162	(2)
Industrialization, Enlightenment, and the Need for Order	164	(2)
The Growth of Large Public Hospitals	166	(1)
Modern Medical and Psychological Explanations	167	(5)
The End of the Hospital Era	168	(2)
The Shift to Community-Based Care	170	(2)
Summary	172	(1)
CHAPTER 13 THE CHALLENGE OF COMMUNITY MENTAL HEALTH	173	(23)
Roots of Community Care	174	(2)
The State of Public Mental Hospitals	174	(1)
The Availability of Psychotropic Drugs	175	(1)
The Economics of Custodial Care	175	(1)
Mental Illness in the General Community	175	(1)
Legal Requirements	176	(1)
New Philosophical Orientations to Treatment	176	(1)
Deinstitutionalization	176	(1)
The Community Ideal	176	(9)
Characteristics of Community Mental Health Services	180	(1)
The Implementation of CMHC	181	(1)
Refocus on the Chronic Patient	182	(3)
Deinstitutionalization and Community Mental Health--Persistent Problems and Current Issues	185	(4)
Current Trends in Community Mental Health	189	(7)
The Family and Community Mental Health Care	190	(1)
Family Reactions to Mental Illness	191	(1)
Family Burden	192	(1)
Alternative Forms of Community-Based Care	193	(3)
CHAPTER 14 THE CONTRIBUTION OF SOCIOLOGY	196	(14)
Other Explanations	197	(6)
The Biological Basis of Psychological Disorder	198	(2)
The Psychological Basis of Psychological Disorder	200	(2)
The Social Basis of Psychological Disorder	202	(1)
The Place of Sociological Explanations	203	(3)
Social Causes of Psychological Distress	206	(1)
Societal Reactions to Mental Illness	207	(3)
BIBLIOGRAPHY	210	(20)
INDEX	230