Software and Hardware Engineering Motorola M68HC11

by Cady, Fredrick M.

• ISBN13: 9780195110463
• ISBN10: 0195110463
• Format: Paperback
• Copyright: 1997-02-27
• Publisher: Oxford University Press

Summary

Ideal for use in a microprocessor course in electrical engineering or computer science, Software and Hardware Engineering: Motorola M68HC11 provides an introduction to the architecture and design of hardware and software for the Motorola M68HC11. It covers all M68HC11 hardware features, andshows students how to use the Motorola AS11 assembler and the Buffalo Monitor and debugger. The instruction set is described with many examples, and a unique chapter gives complete example programs, including illustrations of how to use assembly language programming to write programs that have beendesigned using high-level pseudo-code. In addition to covering the features common to all members of the M68HC11 family of microcontrollers, it also discusses advanced features. This text can be used as a supplement with its companion volume, Microcontrollers and Microcomputers: Principles of Hardware and Software Engineering, or with any other book that explains the general principles of microcomputer technology. The text is accompanied by an instructor's manual whichincludes problem solutions, a course outline, and a selection of laboratory exercises. A World Wide Web site provides an errata and other additional information: http://www.coe.montana.edu/ee/cady/cadyhmpg.htm

Table of Contents

Preface	xv
Chapter 1 Introduction	1	(4)
1.1 Introduction	1	(1)
1.2 Computers, Microprocessors, Microcomputers, Microcontrollers	1	(2)
1.3 Some Basic Definitions	3	(1)
1.4 Notation	3	(1)
1.5 Further Reading	3	(1)
1.6 References	4	(1)
Chapter 2 Introduction to the M68HC11 Hardware	5	(12)
2.1 Chapter Prestudy Material	5	(1)
2.2 Introduction	5	(2)
2.3 CPU and Registers	7	(2)
The Programmer's CPU Model	7	(2)
Control Registers	9	(1)
2.4 Addressing Modes	9	(4)
Immediate Addressing	9	(2)
Direct and Extended Addressing	11	(1)
Indexed Addressing	11	(1)
Inherent Addressing	12	(1)
Relative Addressing	13	(1)
2.5 Reset	13	(2)
The Reset Action	13	(2)
Causes of Reset	15	(1)
Reset Summary	15	(1)
2.6 Conclusion and Chapter Summary Points	15	(1)
2.7 Further Reading	16	(1)
2.8 Problems	16	(1)
Chapter 3 Motorola AS11 Assembler	17	(18)
3.1 Assembly Language Example	17	(1)
3.2 M68HC11 AS11 Assembler	18	(1)
3.3 Assembler Source Code Fields	19	(5)
Lable Field	19	(1)
Opcode or Operation Field	20	(1)
Operand Field	20	(4)
Comment Field	24	(1)
3.4 Assembler Directives	24	(7)
Set the Program Counter	25	(1)
Defining Symbols	25	(1)
Reserving Memory Locations	26	(1)
Defining Constants in Memory	27	(2)
Miscellaneous Directives	29	(2)
3.5 Assembler Output Files	31	(1)
3.6 Assembler Invocation	32	(1)
3.7 Assembler Error Messages	32	(1)
3.8 Chapter Summary Points	33	(1)
3.9 Problems	34	(1)
Chapter 4 The M68HC11 Instruction Set	35	(45)
4.1 Introduction	35	(1)
4.2 M68HC11 Instruction Set Categories	35	(2)
4.3 Load and Store Register Instructions	37	(8)
Eight-Bit Load and Store Instructions	37	(3)
Sixteen-Bit Load and Store Instructions	40	(2)
Stack Instructions	42	(3)
4.4 Transfer Register Instructions	45	(2)
4.5 Decrement and Increment Instructions	47	(2)
4.6 Clear and Set Instructions	49	(1)
4.7 Shift and Rotate Instructions	50	(8)
4.8 Arithmetic Instructions	58	(6)
Add and Subtract	58	(3)
Decimal Arithmetic	61	(1)
Negating Instructions	61	(1)
Multiplication	61	(1)
Fractional Number Arithmetic	61	(2)
Division	63	(1)
Mathematics Coprocessor	64	(1)
4.9 Logic Instructions	64	(1)
4.10 Data Test Instructions	65	(1)
4.11 Conditional Branch Instructions	65	(3)
Signed and Unsigned Conditional Branches	65	(3)
4.12 Unconditional Jump and Branch Instructions	68	(3)
Branches and Subroutines	69	(2)
4.13 Condition Code Register Instructions	71	(1)
4.14 Inerrupt Instructions	72	(1)
4.15 Miscellaneous Instructions	72	(3)
4.16 Advanced Instruction Set Details	75	(1)
4.17 Chapter Summary Points	75	(1)
4.18 Further Reading	76	(1)
4.19 Problems	76	(1)
Chapter 5 Buffalo Monitor and Debugger	80	(9)
5.1 M68HC11 EVB Buffalo Monitor	80	(1)
Entering the Monitor	80	(1)
Command Line Format	80	(1)
5.2 Monitor Commands	81	(4)
5.3 Monitor Utility Routines	85	(2)
5.4 Buffalo Monitor Interrupt Jump Vector Table	87	(1)
5.5 Operating Hints for the Buffalo Monitor	88	(1)
5.6 Problems	88	(1)
Chapter 6 AS11 Programs for the M68HC11	89	(24)
6.1 Assembly Language Programming Style	89	(8)
Source Code Style	89	(4)
To Indent or Not to Indent	93	(1)
Upper and Lower Case	93	(1)
Use Equates, Not Magic Numbers	93	(3)
Using Boilerplate Files	96	(1)
Using Monitor Routines	96	(1)
Commenting Style	96	(1)
Subroutine or Function Headers	97	(1)
6.2 Structured Assembly Language Programming	97	(5)
Sequence	98	(1)
If-Then-Else Decision	98	(1)
While-Do Repetition	98	(2)
Do-While Repetition	100	(2)
6.3 Example Programs	102	(7)
6.4 Conclusion and Chapter Summary Points	1109	(1)
6.5 Further Reading	110	(1)
6.6 Problems	110	(3)
Chapter 7 M68HC11 Parallel I/O	113	(28)
7.1 Introduction	113	(1)
7.2 Operating Modes	113	(4)
Normal Single-Chip Mode	115	(1)
Normal Expanded Mode	115	(2)
7.3 The Programmer's Model	117	(2)
7.4 M68HC11 Parallel I/O Ports	119	(9)
Port B	119	(1)
Port A	119	(3)
Port C	122	(2)
Port D	124	(3)
Port E	127	(1)
7.5 Handshaking I/O	128	(8)
Simple Strobed I/O	128	(2)
Full Handshaking I/O	130	(6)
7.6 I/O Software	136	(2)
Real-Time Synchronization	136	(1)
Polled I/O	136	(2)
7.7 Chapter Summary Points	138	(1)
7.8 Further Reading	139	(1)
7.9 Problems	139	(2)
Chapter 8 M68HC11 Interrupts	141	(24)
8.1 Introduction	141	(1)
8.2 Interrupt Process	142	(2)
The Interrupt Enable	142	(1)
The Interrupt Disable	142	(1)
The Interrupt Request	142	(1)
The Interrupt Sequence	143	(1)
The Interrupt Return	143	(1)
8.3 Interrupt Vectors	144	(1)
Dedicated System Vetors	144	(1)
Buffalo Monitor Interrupt Vector Jump Table	145	(1)
8.4 Interrupt Priorities	145	(2)
8.5 Nonmaskable Interrupts	147	(2)
RESET	148	(1)
Software Interrupt--SWI	148	(1)
Clock Monitor Failure	148	(1)
Cop Failure	148	(1)
Illegal Opcode Trap	149	(1)
Nonmaskable Interrupt Request XIRQ	149	(1)
8.6 Parallel I/O System Interrupts	149	(2)
Other Internal Interrupt Sources	151	(1)
8.7 Advanced Interrupts	151	(2)
Shared IRQ and Parallel I/O Interrupt Vector	151	(1)
Polling for Multiple External Devices	151	(1)
Selecting Edge or Level Triggering	152	(1)
What to Do While Waiting For an Interrupt	152	(1)
8.8 The Interrupt Service Routine	153	(6)
Interrupt Service Routine Hints	154	(1)
A Dedicated System ISR Example	155	(4)
Buffalo Monitor ISR Examples	159	(1)
8.9 Conclusion and Chapter Summary Points	159	(4)
8.10 Further Reading	163	(1)
8.11 Problems	163	(2)
Chapter 9 M68HC11 Memories	165	(20)
9.1 Introduction	165	(1)
9.2 M68HC11 Memory Map	165	(1)
9.3 M68HC11 RAM	166	(1)
9.4 M68HC11 ROM	167	(1)
9.5 M68HC11 EPROM	168	(1)
9.6 M68HC11 EEPROM	168	(4)
EEPROM Reading	168	(1)
EEPROM Programming Register	168	(2)
EEPROM Programming Voltage	170	(1)
EEPROM Programming	170	(1)
EEPROM Erasing	171	(1)
9.7 Memory Timing in Expanded-Mode Operation	172	(1)
9.8 Extending M68HC11 Memory Addresses	173	(10)
9.9 Conclusion and Chapter Summary Points	183	(1)
9.10 Further Reading	183	(1)
9.11 Problems	184	(1)
Chapter 10 M68HC11 Timer	185	(40)
10.1 Introduction	185	(2)
10.2 Basic Timer	187	(6)
Prescaler	187	(1)
Sixteen-Bit Free Running TCNT Register	187	(1)
Timmer Overflow Flag	188	(1)
Timmer Overflow Interrupts	189	(4)
10.3 Output Compare	193	(9)
Output Compare Time Delays	194	(1)
Output Compare Interrupts	195	(2)
Output Compare Bit Operation	197	(1)
One Output Compare Controlling Up to Five Outputs	198	(2)
Very Short Duration Pulses	200	(1)
Forced Output Compares	200	(2)
10.4 Input Capture	202	(4)
10.5 Real-Time Interrupt	206	(1)
10.6 Computer Operating Properly--COP	207	(2)
10.7 Pulse Accumulator	209	(4)
Pulse Accumulator Interrupts	211	(2)
10.8 Pulse-Width Modulation	213	(6)
Pulse-Width Modulator Clock Control	213	(2)
Pulse-Width Modulation Control Registers	215	(3)
Choosing Pulse-Width Modulation Prescale Values	218	(1)
10.9 External Interrupts Using Timer Interrupts	219	(1)
10.10 Clearing Timmer Flags	219	(3)
10.11 Conclusion and Chapter Summary Points	222	(1)
10.12 Problems	222	(3)
Chapter 11 M68HC11 Serial I/O	225	(23)
11.1 Introduction	225	(1)
11.2 Asychronous Serial Communications Interface--SCI	225	(9)
SCI Data	226	(1)
SCI Initialization	227	(2)
SCI Status Flags	229	(2)
SCI Interrupts	231	(1)
SCI Wake Up	232	(2)
SCI Break Character	234	(1)
SCI Programming Example	234	(1)
11.3 Enhanced SCI	234	(5)
11.4 Sychronous Serial Peripheral Interface--SPI	239	(5)
Interprocessor Serial Communications	239	(1)
SPI Data Register	239	(1)
SPI Initialization	240	(3)
SPI Status Register and Interrupts	243	(1)
SPI Interrupts	244	(1)
11.5 Enhanced SPI	244	(1)
11.6 Conclusion and Chapter Summary Points	245	(1)
11.7 Further Reading	246	(1)
11.8 Problems	246	(2)
Chapter 12 M68HC11 Analog Input and Output	248	(10)
12.1 Introduction	248	(1)
12.2 M68HC11 A/D Converter	248	(5)
A/D Initialization	249	(2)
A/D Operation	251	(2)
12.3 A/D I/O Synchronization	253	(1)
12.4 A/D Programming Example	254	(1)
12.5 Digital-to-Analog Converter	254	(2)
12.6 Chapter Summary Points	256	(1)
12.7 Further Reading	256	(1)
12.8 Problems	257	(1)
Chapter 13 Advanced M68HC11 Hardware	258	(15)
13.1 Hardware Mode Select	258	(1)
Special Test Mode	258	(1)
Special Bootstrap Mode	258	(1)
13.2 Configuration Control Register	259	(2)
13.3 System Option Register	261	(2)
13.4 Security Mode	263	(1)
13.5 M68HC11 Math Coprocessor	263	(9)
Math Coprocessor Operations	267	(4)
Math Coprocessor Interrupts	271	(1)
13.6 Further Reading	272	(1)
Chapter 14 The Motorola M68HC11EVB	273	(8)
14.1 Introduction	273	(1)
14.2 EVB Components and Circuits	273	(4)
MCU I/O Port Connector	275	(1)
Power Supply	275	(1)
Reset Circuits	275	(1)
CPU Crystal Clock Oscillator	275	(1)
M68HC11	275	(2)
14.3 I/O Ports	277	(1)
Port A	277	(1)
Port B and Port C	277	(1)
Port D	277	(1)
Port E	277	(1)
Interrupts	278	(1)
14.4 M68HC11 Expanded Mode	278	(1)
Address Decoding	278	(1)
External ROM	278	(1)
External RAM/EPROM Socket	279	(1)
External RAM	279	(1)
M68HC11 Port Replacement Unit	279	(1)
E-Clock	279	(1)
14.5 Serial I/O Interface	279	(1)
M6850 Asynchronous Communication Interface Adapter	279	(1)
RS-232-C Interface	280	(1)
14.6 Chapter Summary Points	280	(1)
14.7 Further Reading	280	(1)
Appendix A M68HC11 Resources	281	(4)
A.1 Internet Resources	281	(2)
The World Wide Web	281	(1)
EMAIL List Servers	282	(1)
FTP	283	(1)
A.2 Motorola Application Notes and Literature	283	(1)
A.3 Hardware and Software Vendors	284	(1)
Appendix B M68HC11 Family	285	(4)
B.1 The M68HC11 Family of Microcontrollers	285	(3)
B.2 M68HC11 Part Numbering and Packaging	288	(1)
Solutions to Chapter Problems	289	(16)
Index	305