Soils and Foundations

by Liu, Cheng; Evett, Jack

• ISBN13: 9780130482198
• ISBN10: 0130482196
• Edition: 6th
• Format: Hardcover
• Copyright: 2008-01-01
• Publisher: Pearson College Div

Summary

"This introductory text offers a practical approach to soil mechanics and foundations, with application to real-world design solutions for civil technology and engineering. This material is presented in a clear, direct style with just enough mathematics to support the design concepts. Several new illustrations have been added to enhance student comprehension."--BOOK JACKET.

Table of Contents

Preface	ix
1 Formation of Natural Soil Deposits	1	(8)
1-1 Introduction	1	(1)
1-2 Rocks-The Sources of Soils	1	(2)
1-3 Rock Weathering and Soil Formation	3	(1)
1-4 Soil Deposits	4	(5)
2 Engineering Properties of Soils	9	(36)
2-1 Soil Types	9	(1)
2-2 Grain-Size Analysis and Atterberg Limits	10	(9)
2-3 Soil Classification Systems	19	(11)
2-4 Components of Soils	30	(1)
2-5 Weight/Mass and Volume Relationships	30	(8)
2-6 Permeability, Capillarity, and Frost Heave	38	(1)
2-7 Compressibility	39	(1)
2-8 Shear Strength	40	(1)
2-9 Compactness-Relative Density	41	(1)
2-10 Problems	42	(3)
3 Soil Exploration	45	(38)
3-1 Introduction	45	(1)
3-2 Reconnaissance	45	(1)
3-3 Steps of Soil Exploration	46	(10)
3-4 Groundwater Table	56	(1)
3-5 Standard Penetration Test (ASTM D 1586)	56	(6)
3-6 Cone Penetration Test (ASTM D 3441 AND D 5778)	62	(6)
3-7 Vane Test	68	(2)
3-8 Geophysical Methods of Soil Exploration	70	(8)
3-9 Record of Soil Exploration	78	(2)
3-10 Conclusion	80	(1)
3-11 Problems	80	(3)
4 Soil Compaction and Stabilization	83	(30)
4-1 Definition and Purpose of Compaction	83	(1)
4-2 Laboratory Compaction Tests (ASTM D 698 and D 1557)	84	(4)
4-3 Factors Affecting Compaction of Soil	88	(4)
4-4 Field Compaction	92	(3)
4-5 Dynamic Compaction	95	(3)
4-6 In-Place Soil Unit Weight Test	98	(7)
4-7 Field Control of Compaction	105	(3)
4-8 Soil Stabilization	108	(3)
4-9 Problems	111	(2)
5 Water in Soil	113	(30)
5-1 Introduction	113	(1)
5-2 Flow of Water in Soils	113	(16)
5-3 Capillary Rise in Soils	129	(3)
5-4 Frost Action in Soils	132	(1)
5-5 Flow Nets and Seepage	132	(6)
5-6 Problems	138	(5)
6 Stress Distribution in Soil	143	(28)
6-1 Introduction	143	(1)
6-2 Vertical Pressure Below a Concentrated Load	143	(5)
6-3 Vertical Pressure Below a Loaded Surface Area (Uniform Load)	148	(20)
6-4 Problems	168	(3)
7 Consolidation of Soil and Settlement of Structures	171	(56)
7-1 Introduction	171	(2)
7-2 Immediate Settlement of Loads on Clay	173	(2)
7-3 Consolidation Test	175	(10)
7-4 Normally Consolidated Clay	185	(3)
7-5 Overconsolidated Clay	188	(1)
7-6 Field Consolidation Line	189	(4)
7-7 Settlement of Loads on Clay Due to Primary Consolidation	193	(17)
7-8 Settlement of Loads on Clay Due to Secondary Compression	210	(4)
7-9 Settlement of Loads on Sand	214	(8)
7-10 Problems	222	(5)
8 Shear Strength of Soil	227	(30)
8-1 Introduction	227	(1)
8-2 Methods of Investigating Shear Strength	228	(14)
8-3 Characteristics of the Failure Plane	242	(6)
8-4 Shear Strength of Cohesionless Soils	248	(1)
8-5 Shear Strength of Cohesive Soils	248	(7)
8-6 Problems	255	(2)
9 Shallow Foundations	257	(54)
9-1 Introduction	257	(1)
9-2 Loads on Foundations	258	(3)
9-3 Depth and Location of Foundations	261	(3)
9-4 Bearing Capacity Analysis	264	(24)
9-5 Size of Footings	288	(5)
9-6 Contact Pressure	293	(12)
9-7 Total and Differential Settlement	305	(1)
9-8 Structural Design of Footings	305	(1)
9-9 Problems	306	(5)
10 Pile Foundations	311	(54)
10-1 Introduction	311	(1)
10-2 Types of Piles	311	(2)
10-3 Length of Piles	313	(1)
10-4 Pile Capacity	313	(17)
10-5 Pile-Driving Formulas	330	(4)
10-6 Pile Load Tests	334	(5)
10-7 Negative Skin Friction (Down Drag)	339	(1)
10-8 Pile Groups and Spacing of Piles	339	(1)
10-9 Efficiency of Pile Groups	339	(7)
10-10 Distribution of Loads in Pile Groups	346	(3)
10-11 Settlement of Pile Foundations	349	(4)
10-12 Construction of Pile Foundations	353	(4)
10-13 Problems	357	(8)
11 Drilled Shaft Foundations	365	(10)
11-1 Introduction	365	(1)
11-2 Bearing Capacity of Drilled Shafts	366	(5)
11-3 Settlement of Drilled Shafts	371	(1)
11-4 Construction and Inspection of Drilled Shafts	372	(1)
11-5 Problems	373	(2)
12 Lateral Earth Pressure	375	(38)
12-1 Introduction	375	(1)
12-2 Earth Pressure at Rest	376	(7)
12-3 Rankine Earth Pressures	383	(7)
12-4 Coulomb Earth Pressures	390	(6)
12-5 Effects of a Surcharge Load upon Active Thrust	396	(2)
12-6 Culmann's Graphic Solution	398	(6)
12-7 Design Considerations for Retaining Walls	404	(2)
12-8 Lateral Earth Pressure on Braced Sheetings	406	(4)
12-9 Problems	410	(3)
13 Retaining Structures	413	(32)
13-1 Introduction	413	(1)
13-2 Retaining Walls	413	(2)
13-3 Earth Pressure Computation	415	(1)
13-4 Stability Analysis	415	(12)
13-5 Backfill Drainage	427	(2)
13-6 Settlement and Tilting	429	(1)
13-7 Reinforced Earth Walls	429	(5)
13-8 Slurry Trench Walls	434	(1)
13-9 Anchored Bulkheads	435	(6)
13-10 Problems	441	(4)
14 Stability Analysis of Slopes	445	(28)
14-1 Introduction	445	(1)
14-2 Analysis of a Mass Resting on an Inclined Layer of Impermeable Soil	445	(4)
14-3 Slopes in Homogeneous Cohesionless Soils (c=0, φ>0)	449	(1)
14-4 Slopes in Homogeneous Soils Possessing Cohesion (c > 0, φ = 0, and c > 0, φ > 0)	449	(14)
14-5 Method of Slices	463	(7)
14-6 Problems	470	(3)
Answers to Selected Problems	473	(2)
Appendix: Conversion Factors	475	(2)
References Cited	477	(4)
Index	481

Excerpts

We have attempted to prepare an introductory, practical textbook for soil mechanics and foundations, which emphasizes design and practical applications that are supported by basic theory. Written in a simple and direct style that should make it very easy to read and understand the subject matter, this book contains an abundance of both example problems within each chapter and work problems at the end of each chapter. In addition, there are ample diagrams, charts, and illustrations throughout to help better explain the subject matter. In summary, we have tried to extract the salient and essential aspects of soils and foundations and to present them in a simple and straightforward manner. The preceding paragraph, slightly modified, began the preface of the first five editions ofSoils and Foundations,and we think that it aptly relates our basic philosophy in preparing the sixth edition. We have, however, deleted some outdated material, updated material where applicable, and added new and essential material to the sixth edition. Most notably, we have revised significantly Chapter 11 on drilled shafts to reflect the latest design methods for them. We believe the result is a much stronger, more comprehensive, and therefore better book. We urge students using this book to review each illustration as it is cited and to study each example problem very carefully. Believing that example problems are an extremely effective means of learning a subject such as soils and foundations, we have included an abundance of these problems, and we believe that they will be very useful in mastering the material in the book. We want to express our sincere appreciation to Carlos G. Bell, formerly of The University of North Carolina at Charlotte, and to W. Kenneth Humphries, former Dean of Engineering at the University of South Carolina, who read our original manuscript and offered many helpful suggestions. Also, we would like to acknowledge the late Donald Steila of the Department of Geography and Earth Science at The University of North Carolina at Charlotte, who reviewed Chapter 1. We also thank Alan Stadler, formerly of the Department of Civil Engineering at The University of North Carolina at Charlotte, for reviewing the material on soil stabilization in Chapter 4. Finally, we thank the other reviewers of this edition for their helpful comments and suggestions: Robert Mokwa, Ph.D., Montana State University; Constantine A. Ciesielski, Ph.D., East Carolina University; and Wayne A. Charlie, Ph.D., P.E., Colorado State University. We hope that you will enjoy using the book. We would be pleased to receive your comments, suggestions, and/or criticisms. Cheng Liu Jack B. Evett Charlotte, North Carolina