Sources of the Western Tradition, volume 1

by Perry, Marvin; Peden, Joseph R.; Von Laue, Theodore H.

• ISBN13: 9780395892015
• ISBN10: 0395892015
• Edition: 4th
• Format: Paperback
• Copyright: 1998-07-13
• Publisher: Wadsworth Publishing

Summary

This successful two-volume primary source reader emphasizes the history of ideas. Each of its 300 sources is accompanied by an introductory essay and review questions."How to Read Sources" prologue helps students read and interpret primary sources. The author uses the example of Holocaust deniers for this prologue, showing students the danger of improper analysis and use of documents.Approximately one-third of the documents are new to the Fifth Edition.

Table of Contents

Preface	xi
Part One: The Ancient World	1	(190)
The Near East	1	(26)
Mesopotamian Protest Against Death	3	(4)
Epic of Gilgamesh	4	(3)
A Pessimistic View of Life	7	(2)
Mesopotamian Wisdom Literature	7	(2)
Mesopotamian Concepts of Justice	9	(4)
Code of Hammurabi	10	(3)
Divine Kingship in Egypt	13	(2)
Hymns to the Pharaohs	13	(1)
Guidelines for the Ruler	14	(1)
Religious Inspiration of Akhenaten	15	(2)
Hymn to Aton	15	(2)
Love, Passion, and Misogyny in Ancient Egypt	17	(2)
Love Poetry	17	(1)
The Instruction of Ankhsheshonq	18	(1)
Empire Builders	19	(3)
The Assyrian Empire: Inscription of Tiglathpileser I	19	(1)
The Persian Empire: Inscriptions of Cyrus and Darius I	20	(2)
The Myth-making Outlook of the Ancient Near East	22	(5)
Personification of Natural Objects	23	(1)
Enuma elish: The Babylonian Genesis	24	(1)
Lament for Ur: The Gods and Human Destiny	25	(2)
The Hebrews	27	(16)
Hebrew Cosmogony and Anthropology	29	(4)
Genesis	29	(4)
The Covenant and the Ten Commandments	33	(1)
Exodus: The Covenant	33	(1)
Exodus: The Ten Commandments	33	(1)
Humaneness of Hebrew Law	34	(3)
Leviticus: Neighbor and Community	35	(1)
Deutreronomy: Judges, Witnesses, and Justice	35	(2)
The Age of Classical Prophecy	37	(2)
Amos and Isaiah: Social Justice	37	(1)
Isaiah: Peace and Humanity	38	(1)
The Problem of Undeserved Suffering	39	(4)
Book of Job	39	(4)
The Greeks	43	(58)
Homer: The Educator of Greece	46	(3)
Homer: The Iliad	47	(2)
Early Greek Philosophy: The Emancipation of Thought from Myth	49	(3)
Aristotle: Thales of Miletus	49	(1)
Anaximander	50	(1)
Aristotle: Pythagoras	51	(1)
The Expansion of Reason	52	(3)
Hippocrates: The Sacred Disease: The Separation of Medicine from Myth	52	(1)
Thucydides: Method of Historical Inquiry	53	(1)
Critias: Religion as a Human Invention	54	(1)
Humanism	55	(2)
Pindar: The Pursuit of Excellence	56	(1)
Sophocles: Antigone ``Man the Skilled, the Brilliant''	56	(1)
The Persian Wars	57	(3)
Herodotus: The Histories	57	(3)
Greek Drama	60	(5)
Sophocles: Antigone	60	(5)
Athenian Greatness	65	(3)
Thucydides: The Funeral Oration of Pericles	66	(2)
The Status of Women in Classical Greek Society	68	(5)
Xenophon: Oeconomicus	68	(1)
Aristophanes: Lysistrata	69	(4)
The Peloponnesian War	73	(6)
Thucydides: The Melian Dialogue and the Revolution at Corcyra	74	(5)
Socrates: The Rational Individual	79	(4)
Plato: The Apology	79	(4)
Plato: The Philosopher-King	83	(6)
Plato: The Republic	83	(6)
Aristotle: Science, Politics, and Ethics	89	(5)
Aristotle: History of Animals, Politics, and Nicomachean Ethics	89	(5)
Hellenistic Philosophy: Epicureanism	94	(2)
Epicurus: The Prudent Pursuit of Pleasure	95	(1)
Greek Culture and the Jews in the Hellenistic Age	96	(5)
First Book of Maccabees: Jewish Resistance to Forced Hellenization	97	(1)
Philo of Alexandria: Appreciation of Greek Culture and synthesis of Reason and Revelation	98	(3)
The Roman Republic	101	(28)
Rome's March to World Empire	102	(3)
Polybius: The Roman Army	103	(2)
The Punic Wars	105	(4)
Livy: the Second Punic War: The Threat from Hannibal	105	(2)
Appian of Alexandria: The Third Punic War: The Destruction of Carthage	107	(2)
Exploitation of the Provinces	109	(2)
Cicero: Oration Against Verres	109	(2)
Roman Slavery	111	(4)
Diodorus Siculus: Slaves: Torment and Revolt	112	(3)
Women in Republican Society	115	(4)
Livy: Cato Protests Against the Demands of Roman Women	115	(2)
Quintus Lucretius Vespillo: A Funeral Eulogy for a Roman Wife	117	(2)
Tiberius Gracchus and the Crisis in Agriculture	119	(2)
Plutarch: Tiberius Gracchus	119	(2)
The Decline of the Republic	121	(3)
Sallust: The Conspiracy of Catiline	121	(3)
Cicero: Statesman and Philosopher	124	(2)
Cicero: Advocate of Stoicism	124	(2)
The Meaning of Caesar's Assassination	126	(3)
Cicero: Justifying the Assassination	126	(1)
Dio Cassius: In Defense of Caesar and Monarchy	127	(2)
The Roman Empire	129	(37)
The Imperial Office	131	(3)
Augustus: The Achievements of the Divine Augustus	132	(1)
Tacitus: The Imposition of One-Man Rule	133	(1)
Imperial Culture	134	(6)
Virgil: The Aeneid	135	(1)
Quintilian: The Education of the Orator	135	(3)
Juvenal: The Satires	138	(2)
Roman Stoicism	140	(6)
Seneca: The Moral Epistles	141	(2)
Marcus Aurelius: Meditations	143	(3)
Roman Law	146	(2)
Justinian: Corpus Iuris Civilis	146	(2)
Provincial Administration	148	(4)
Correspondence Between Pliny the Younger and Emperor Trajan	148	(4)
The Roman Peace	152	(6)
Aelius Aristides: The Roman Oration: The Blessings of the Pax Romana	152	(2)
Tacitus: The Other Side of the Pax Romana	154	(1)
Josephus: Resistance to Roman Rule in Judea	155	(3)
Third-Century Crisis	158	(3)
Dio Cassius: Caracalla's Extortions	158	(1)
Petition to Emperor Philip	159	(1)
Herodian: Extortions of Maximinus	160	(1)
The Demise of Rome	161	(5)
Salvian: Political and Social Injustice	161	(2)
Jerome: The Fate of Rome	163	(1)
Pope Gregory I: The End of Roman Glory	164	(2)
Early Christianity	166	(25)
The Teachings of Jesus	168	(3)
The Gospel According to Saint Mark	168	(1)
The Gospel According to Saint Matthew	169	(2)
Saint Paul's View of Jesus, His Mission, and His Teaching	171	(2)
The Letter of Paul to the Ephesians	171	(1)
The First Letter of Paul to the Corinthians	172	(1)
Christianity and society	173	(2)
Athenagoras: Sexuality and Family Life	174	(1)
The Persecutions	175	(3)
Persecutions at Lyons and Vienne	176	(2)
Christianity and Greco-Roman Learning	178	(2)
Tertullian: What Has Jerusalem to Do with Athens?	178	(1)
Clement of Alexandria: In Defense of Greek Learning	179	(1)
Monastic Life	180	(4)
Saint Benedict of Nursia: The Benedictine Rule	181	(3)
The Christian World-View	184	(7)
Saint Augustine: The City of God	185	(3)
Saint Benedict of Nursia: The Christian Way of Life	188	(1)
Pope Gelasius I: Church and State	189	(2)
Part Two: The Middle Ages	191	(88)
The Early Middle Ages	191	(27)
Islam	193	(4)
Muhammad: The Koran	194	(3)
Preservation of Ancient Learning in the East	197	(3)
Theophylact Simocattes: The Value of Reason and History	197	(1)
Avicenna: Love of Learning	198	(2)
Converting the Germanic Peoples to Christianity	200	(6)
Bede: History of the English Church and People	201	(2)
Saint Boniface: Sacred Mission to Germany	203	(2)
Einhard: Forcible Conversion Under Charlemagne	205	(1)
The Transmission of Learning	206	(2)
Cassiodorus: The Monk as Scribe	207	(1)
The Carolingian Renaissance	208	(3)
Einhard: Charlemagne's Appreciation of Learning	209	(1)
Charlemagne: An Injunction to Monasteries to Cultivate Letters	210	(1)
The Feudal Lord: Vassal and Warrior	211	(3)
Galbert of Bruges: Commendation and the Oath of Fealty	212	(1)
Fulber, Bishop of Chartres: Obligations of Lords and Vassals	213	(1)
Bertran de Born: In Praise of Combat	213	(1)
The Burdens of Serfdom	214	(4)
The Customs of the Manor of Darnhall	215	(3)
The High and Late Middle Ages	218	(61)
The Revival of Trade and the Growth of Towns	221	(4)
How to Succeed in Business	221	(2)
Ordinances of the Guild Merchant of Southampton	223	(2)
Theological Basis for Papal Power	225	(3)
Pope Gregory VII: The Second Letter to Bishop Herman of Metz and the Dictatus Papae	225	(3)
The First Crusade	228	(2)
Robert the Monk: Appeal of Urban II to the Franks	229	(1)
Religious Dissent	230	(5)
Bernard Gui: the Waldensian Teachings	231	(2)
Emperor Frederick II: Heretics: Enemies of God and Humanity	233	(2)
Medieval Learning: Synthesis of Reason and Christian Faith	235	(5)
Peter Abelard: Inquiry into Divergent Views of Church Fathers	235	(1)
Saint Thomas Aquinas: Summa Theologica and Summa Contra Gentiles	236	(4)
Medieval Universities	240	(4)
John of Salisbury: On the Liberal Arts	240	(2)
What Is a Scholar?	242	(1)
Geoffrey Chaucer: An Oxford Cleric	242	(1)
Student Letters	243	(1)
The Jews in the Middle Ages	244	(5)
Albert of Aix-la-Chapelle: Massacre of the Jews of Mainz	245	(1)
A Decree by Pope Innocent III	246	(1)
The Libel of Ritual Murder	246	(1)
Maimonides: Jewish Learning	247	(2)
Troubadour Love Songs	249	(3)
Love as Joyous, Painful, and Humorous	250	(2)
The Status of Women in Medieval Society	252	(7)
Jakob Sprenger and Heinrich Kramer: Antifemale Prejudices	252	(2)
Christine de Pisan: The City of Ladies	254	(3)
A Merchant of Paris: On Love and Marriage	257	(2)
Medieval Contributions to the Tradition of Liberty	259	(5)
John of Salisbury: Policraticus: A Defense of Tyrannicide	260	(1)
Magna Carta	260	(2)
Edward I of England: Writs of Summons to Parliament	262	(2)
Fourteenth-Century Pestilence	264	(3)
Jean de Venette: The Black Death	265	(2)
Lower-Class Rebellions	267	(3)
Sir John Froissart: The Peasant Revolt of 1381	267	(3)
The Medieval World-View	270	(9)
Lothario dei Segni (Pope Innocent III): On the Misery of the Human Condition	270	(2)
Dante Alighieri: The Divine Comedy	272	(5)
Van Eyck: The Last Judgment	277	(2)
Part Three: Early Modern Europe	279	(1)
The Renaissance	279	(2)
The Humanists' Fascination with Antiquity	281	(1)
Petrarch: The Father of Humanism	282	(1)
Leonardo Bruni: Study of Greek Literature and A Humanist Educational Program	283	(2)
Human Dignity	285	(1)
Pico della Mirandola: Oration on the Dignity of Man	286	(2)
Break with Medieval Political Theory	288	(1)
Niccolo Machiavelli: The Prince	288	(3)
Renaissance Florence	291	(1)
Francesco Guicciardini: The Greatness of Lorenzo de Medici	292	(1)
Benedetto Dei: Florence, 1472	293	(1)
Renaissance Art	294	(1)
Leon Battista Alberti: On Painting	294	(2)
Leonardo da Vinci: Art and Science	296	(3)
The Spread of the Renaissance	299	(1)
Francois Rabelais: Celebration of the Worldly Life	299	(2)
William Shakespeare: Human Nature and the Human Condition	301	(4)
The Reformation	305	(3)
Late Medieval Attempts to Reform the Church	308	(1)
Thomas a Kempis: The Imitation of Christ	308	(2)
A Catholic Critic of the Church	310	(1)
Desiderius Erasmus: In Praise of Folly	311	(2)
The Lutheran Reformation	313	(1)
Martin Luther: On Papal Power, Justification by Faith, the interpretation of the Bible, and The Nature of the Clergy	314	(4)
The German Peasants' Revolt	318	(1)
The Twelve Articles	318	(1)
Martin Luther: Against the Peasants	319	(1)
Luther and the Jews	320	(1)
Martin Luther: On the Jews and Their Lies	321	(1)
The Calvinist Reformation	322	(1)
John Calvin: The Institutes, Ecclesiastical Ordinances, and The Obedience Owed Rulers	323	(4)
The Catholic Response to Protestantism	327	(1)
Canons and Decrees of the Council of Trent	327	(3)
Saint Ignatius Loyola: The Spiritual Exercises	330	(3)
Early Modern Society and Politics	333	(2)
The Age of Exploration and Conquest	335	(1)
Bernal Diaz del Castillo: The Discovery and Conquest of Mexico	336	(4)
Toward the Modern Economy: The Example of Holland	340	(1)
John Keymer: Dutch Trade and Commerce as a Model	340	(3)
William Carr: Capitalism in Amsterdam	343	(3)
The Atlantic Slave Trade	346	(1)
Seventeenth-Century Slave Traders: Buying and Transporting Africans	346	(3)
Olaudah Equiano: Memoirs of a Former Slave	349	(2)
The Witch Craze	351	(1)
Jakob Sprenger and Heinrich Kramer: The Hammer of Witches	352	(2)
Johannes Junius: A Confession of Witchcraft Explained	354	(1)
Nicholas Malebranche: Search after Truth	355	(2)
Justification of Absolute Monarchy by Divine Right	357	(1)
James I: True Law of Free Monarchies and A Speech to Parliament	358	(1)
The Court of Louis XIV	359	(1)
Duc de Saint-Simon: An Assessment of Louis XIV	359	(3)
Liselotte von der Pfalz (Elizabeth Charlotte d'Orleans): A Sketch of Court Life	362	(3)
Constitutional Resistance Royal Absolutism	365	(1)
Philippe du Plessis-Mornay: Defense of Liberty Against Tyrants	366	(3)
A Secular Defense of Absolutism	369	(1)
Thomas Hobbes: Leviathan	370	(2)
The Triumph of Constitutional Monarchy in England: The Glorious Revolution	372	(1)
The English Declaration of Rights	373	(3)
The Scientific Revolution	376	(3)
The Copernican Revolution	379	(1)
Nicolaus Copernicus: On the Revolutions of the Heavenly Spheres	379	(3)
Cardinal Bellarmine: Attack on the Copernican Theory	382	(1)
Expanding the New Astronomy	383	(1)
Galileo Galilei: The Starry Messenger	383	(2)
Critique of Authority	385	(1)
Galileo Galilei: Letter to the Grand Duchess Christina and Dialogue Concerning the Two Chief World Systems---Ptolemaic and Copernican	386	(3)
Prophet of Modern Science	389	(1)
Francis Bacon: Attack on Authority and Advocacy of Experimental science	390	(2)
The Circulation of the Blood	392	(1)
William Harvey: The Motion of the Heart and Blood in Animals	392	(2)
The Autonomy of the Mind	394	(1)
Rene Descartes: Discourse on Method	395	(3)
The Mechanical Universe	398	(1)
Isaac Newton: Principia Mathematica	398	(3)
The Enlightnment	401	(2)
The Enlightenment Outlook	403	(1)
Immanuel Kant: What Is Enlightenment?	403	(2)
Political Liberty	405	(1)
John Locke: Second Treatise on Government	405	(2)
Thomas Jefferson: Declaration of Independence	407	(1)
Attack on the Old Regime	408	(1)
Voltaire: A Plea for Tolerance and Reason	409	(3)
Attack on Religion	412	(1)
Thomas Paine: The Age of Reason	413	(1)
Baron d'Holbach: Good Sense	414	(2)
Epistemology and Education	416	(1)
John Locke: Essay Concerning Human Understanding	416	(2)
John Locke: Some thoughts Concerning Education	418	(2)
Claude Helvetius: Essays on the Mind and A Treatise on Man	420	(2)
Jean Jacques Rousseau: Emile	422	(2)
Compendium of Knowledge	424	(1)
Denis Diderot: Encyclopedia	424	(3)
Rousseau: Political Reform	427	(1)
Jean Jacques Rousseau: The Social Contract	427	(4)
Judicial and Penal Reform	431	(1)
Caesare Beccaria: On Crime and Punishments	431	(1)
John Howard: Prisons in England and Wales	432	(2)
On the Progress of Humanity	434	(1)
Marquis de Condorcet: The Evils of Slavery	434	(2)
Marquis de Condorcet: Progress of the Human Mind	436