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9780486694245

Stars and Relativity

by ;
  • ISBN13:

    9780486694245

  • ISBN10:

    0486694240

  • Edition: Revised
  • Format: Paperback
  • Copyright: 2011-07-19
  • Publisher: Dover Publications

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Summary

Volume 1 ofRelativistic Astrophysicsby famed Russian scientists explores general relativity, properties of matter under astrophysical conditions, stars and stellar systems. Presentation remarkable for deep physical insights and clarity of expression. Invaluable resource for physicists, astronomers, graduate students. 72 figures. 21 tables. 1971 edition.

Author Biography

Yakov B. Zel'dovich (1914–87) played an important role in the development of Soviet nuclear and thermonuclear weapons. He also made key contributions to the fields of adsorption and catalysis, shock waves, nuclear physics, particle physics, astrophysics, physical cosmology, and general relativity.
Igor Dmitriyevich Novikov (1935–) is a Russian theoretical astrophysicist and cosmologist who formulated the Novikov self-consistency principle, an important contribution to the theory of time travel. He has worked at the Russian Space Research Institute, the Lebedev Physical Institute, Moscow State University, and the University of Copenhagen.

Table of Contents

Editors' Foreword xi
Preface to the English Edition xiii
Preface to the First Russian Edition xv
I. THE THEORY OF GRAVITATION
Einstein's Gravitational Equations
3(61)
The Equality of Inertial and Gravitational Mass
3(3)
The Fundamental Concept of the General Theory of Relativity
6(3)
Properties of Noninertial Systems
9(3)
The Measurement of Spacetime Intervals
12(4)
Some Formulae for Curvilinear Coordinates
16(3)
Dynamic and Kinematic Quantities
19(3)
Curvature of Spacetime
22(2)
The Einstein Field Equations and the Equations of Motion
24(4)
The Cosmological Constant
28(5)
Newton's Law and Weak Gravitational Fields
33(4)
The Analogue of the Zeeman Effect in the Gravitational Field of a Rotating Body
37(1)
Gravitational Radiation
38(7)
Gravitational Radiation from Binary Stars
45(6)
Gravitational Radiation Damping
51(8)
K. S. Thorne
The Detection of Gravitational Waves
59(5)
K. S. Thorne
Appendix to § 1.10
62(2)
Inescapability of the General Theory of Relativity (GTR) and Problems in the Theory of Gravitation
64(19)
Introduction
64(1)
Unified Field Theory, Geometrodynamics, and the Fundamental Mass and Length
64(2)
A Flat-Space Theory of Gravity
66(2)
Necessity of the Concept of Spacetime Curvature
68(3)
On the Possibility of Calculating the Gravitation Constant from Elementary-Particle Theory
71(3)
Quantization of Gravity
74(4)
Scalar-Field Gravitation
78(5)
Appendix to § 2.3
80(3)
The Spherically Symmetric Gravitational Field
83(46)
Introduction
83(2)
The Schwarzschild Gravitational Field
85(2)
The Gravitational Field inside a Star
87(2)
The Radial Motion of Light Rays and of Ultrarelativistic Particles
89(4)
Radial Motion of Nonrelativistic Particles
93(3)
Potential Curves for Nonradial Motion
96(3)
Circular Orbits
99(3)
The Motion of a Relativistic Particle in a Coulomb Field
102(1)
Gravitational Capture of a Nonrelativistic Particle
103(2)
Motion of Ultrarelativistic Particles and of Light Rays
105(1)
Particle Motion in the Schwarzschild Gravitational Field, including the Effects of Gravitational Radiation
106(4)
The R- and T-Regions of Schwarzschild Spacetime
110(5)
Internal Solution for a Nonstatic Sphere
115(3)
The Kruskal Metric
118(11)
Nonspherical Gravitational Fields
129(26)
Introduction
129(1)
Static Fields with Axial Symmetry
130(4)
The External Fields of Rotating Bodies
134(4)
The Schwarzschild Sphere in an External Quadrupole Field
138(1)
The Gravitational Contraction of a Slowly Rotating Body with Small Deviations from Spherical Symmetry
139(5)
What Happens to Matter after It Falls through the Event Horizon?
144(11)
Appendix to § 4.5
149(6)
II. THE EQUATION OF STATE OF MATTER
Introduction to Part II
155(5)
The Concept of Pressure; Different Kinds of Pressure; the Case of Long-Range Interactions
155(5)
Cold Matter
160(41)
Classification into Domains
160(3)
Degenerate Electron Gas
163(4)
Corrections in the Domain of High Pressures
167(2)
The Domain of Medium Densities, 106 < ρ < 500 g cm-3
169(5)
Nuclear Processes and Nuclear Interactions: Their Effect upon the Equation of State
174(7)
The Properties of a Neutron Gas
181(4)
Density Greater than Nuclear
185(2)
An Ideal Neutron Gas at Superhigh Density
187(1)
Ideal Gas with the Inclusion of Reciprocal Transformations between Particles
188(5)
Are All ``Elementary'' Particles Really Elementary?
193(1)
The Electromagnetic Interaction of Particles
194(3)
A Rigorous Limit upon the Equation of State?
197(4)
Properties of Matter at High Temperatures
201(10)
Physical Conditions in Ordinary Stars
201(1)
High Temperatures
202(3)
Various Types of Equilibrium
205(6)
Thermodynamic Quantities at High Temperatures
211(22)
Neutral Gas, Plasma; Ionization Equilibrium
211(3)
The Thermodynamics of Radiation
214(3)
Paris and Neutrinos
217(4)
The Dissociation of Nuclei
221(4)
Dense Matter at Low Temperatures
225(1)
Dimensionless Entropy
226(2)
General Thermodynamic Relations for Truly Neutral Matter
228(5)
III. RELATIVISTIC STAGES OF EVOLUTION OF COSMIC OBJECTS
Introduction to Part III
233(6)
The Equilibrium and Stability of Stars
239(91)
The Equilibrium and Stability of a Star as a Whole
239(6)
General Aspects of the Theory of Stellar Equilibrium
245(4)
Analytic Theory of Polytropic Gas Spheres
249(3)
The Adiabatic and Polytropic Indices
252(2)
The Energy Approach to the Theory of Equilibrium for a Star Consisting of Matter with γ Close to 4/3
254(2)
Relativistic Equations of Stellar Equilibrium
256(8)
Relativistic Equations for Rotating Stars
264(7)
K. S. Thorne
Theory of Cold White Dwarfs
271(8)
Neutron Stars
279(7)
The Mass Defect
286(2)
Stability of Neutron Stars
288(3)
Configurations with Positive Energy
291(4)
The Metastability of Every Equilibrium State
295(2)
Equilibrium of a Supermassive Star
297(12)
Critical States of Stars with Intermediate Mass
309(21)
Appendix to § 10.1
317(2)
Appendix to § 10.5
319(3)
Appendix 1 to § 10.8
322(1)
Appendix 2 to § 10.8
322(3)
Appendix 1 to § 10.14
325(3)
Appendix 2 to § 10.14
328(2)
Stellar Evolution
330(86)
Evolution of a Star up to the Loss of Stability or the White-Dwarf Stage
330(8)
Instability of Massive Stars with Nuclear Sources of Energy
338(2)
Stability of Stellar Evolution
340(5)
Supernova Outbursts
345(19)
V. S. Imshennik
D. K. Nadezhin
The Physics of Neutron Stars
364(5)
Evolution of a Star with a Mass Greater than the Oppenheimer-Volkoff Limit
369(1)
Relativistic Collapse
370(3)
Neutrino Emission in the Collapse of a Cool Star
373(3)
The Evolution of a Supermassive Star: General Remarks
376(1)
Radiative Equilibrium
377(2)
The Evolution of a Supermassive Star without Turbulence or Rotation
379(5)
Rotation and Mass Shedding: General Relationships
384(5)
Equilibrium and the Shape of a Rotating Star: The Newtonian Theory
389(4)
Corrections for GTR in the Theory of a Rotating Star
393(5)
Approximate Theory of Equilibrium
398(2)
Rotating Massive Stars and Quasistellar Objects
400(3)
Turbulence
403(2)
The Evolution of a Rotating Star: Velocity of Mass Ejection
405(11)
Appendix to § 11.11D
410(6)
Star Clusters
416(16)
General Overview and Basic Equations
416(5)
Solutions for Nonrelativistic Star Clusters
421(3)
The Stability of Collisionless Solutions
424(2)
Physical Conditions, Collisions, and Evolution in Star Clusters
426(2)
Relativistic Star Clusters
428(4)
Physical Processes in the Vicinities of Relativistic Objects and a Comparison with Observations
432(41)
Accretion of Gas by Neutron Stars and Collapsed Stars
432(1)
The Infall of Noninteracting Particles
433(2)
Four Regimes of Hydrodynamical Flow in the Case of Spherical Symmetry
435(3)
The Case of Accretion and the Validity of the Hydrodynamical Approximation
438(4)
The Luminosity due to Symmetric Accretion onto Neutron Stars and White Dwarfs
442(2)
The Problem of Discovering Collapsed Stars
444(2)
The Case of Asymmetric Gas Flow
446(5)
Accretion as a Factor in Stellar Evolution
451(1)
The Electrostatic Field, Acceleration of Positrons during Accretion, and Gamma-Ray Emission
451(1)
Pulsars
452(5)
The Superfluidity and Superconductivity of Highly Compressed Matter, and Their Influence on the Behavior of Neutron Stars
457(2)
Magnetic and Magneohydrodynamic Phenomena in Collapsing Bodies
459(5)
The Statistics of Stars at the Endpoint of Stellar Evolution
464(9)
Quasistellar Objects
473(12)
Observed Properties of Quasistellar Objects
473(3)
Theories of Quasistellar Objects
476(9)
References 485(26)
Author Index 511(5)
Subject Index 516

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