Stem Cell and Tissue Engineering

by Li, Song; Heureux, Nicolas L.; Elisseeff, Jennifer

• ISBN13: 9789814317054
• ISBN10: 9814317055
• Format: Hardcover
• Copyright: 2011-01-31
• Publisher: World Scientific Pub Co Inc

Summary

Tissue engineering integrates knowledge and tools from biological sciences and engineering for tissue regeneration. A challenge for tissue engineering is to identify appropriate cell sources. The recent advancement of stem cell biology provides enormous opportunities to engineer stem cells for tissue engineering. The impact of stem cell technology on tissue engineering will be revolutionary. This book covers state-of-the-art knowledge on the potential of stem cells for the regeneration of a wide range of tissues and organs and the technologies for studying and engineering stem cells. It serves as a valuable reference book for researchers and students.

Table of Contents

Contributors	p. xiii
Preface	p. xxiii
Tissue Engineering: From Basic Biology to Cell-Based Applications	p. 1
Introduction	p. 1
Cell Source	p. 3
Stem Cells	p. 5
From Benchtop Science to Cell-Based Applications	p. 7
Concluding Comments	p. 8
Acknowledgments	p. 0
References	p. 9
Recent Advances and Future Perspectives on Somatic Cell Reprogramming	p. 13
Introduction	p. 13
Nuclear Reprogramming	p. 14
Reprogramming by Defined Factors	p. 16
Recent Advances in Reprogramming Methods	p. 17
Future Perspectives on Reprogramming and iPS Cells	p. 19
Acknowledgments	p. 23
References	p. 23
Hematopoietic Stem Cells	p. 31
Introcution	p. 31
Hematopoietic Stem Cell Sources	p. 32
Applications	p. 36
Challenges for Tissue Engineering	p. 37
Acknowledgments	p. 41
References	p. 42
Mesenchymal Stem Cells for Tissue Regeneration	p. 49
Introduction	p. 49
MSC Sources and Phenotype	p. 50
Differentiation of MSCs in vitro	p. 52
Tissue Engineering and Regeneration Using Bone Marrow MSCs and ASCs	p. 54
Future Directions	p. 61
Acknowledgments	p. 62
References	p. 62
Delivery Vehicles for Deploying Mesenchymal Stem Cells in Tissue Repair	p. 71
Introduction	p. 71
Delivery of MSCs for Repairing Cardiovascular Tissues	p. 72
Delivery Vehicles for Deploying Stem Cells in Skin Regeneration	p. 78
Biomaterials for Implanting MSCs for Regenerating Osteochondral Tissues	p. 81
Conclusions	p. 88
References	p. 88
Stem Cells for Cardiac Tissue Engineering	p. 95
Cell Therapies for Myocardial Infarction and Heart Failure	p. 95
Cellular Cardiomyoplasty Revisited: The Influence of in Vitro Mechanics	p. 98
Tissue Engineering Approach: Utilizing Biomaterial Scaffolds	p. 102
References	p. 107
Cardiovascular System: Stem Cells in Tissue-Engineered Blood Vessels	p. 115
Introduction	p. 115
Critical Elements of an Artificial Blood Vesselp117
Approaches to Creating TEBVs	p. 119
Conclusion	p. 127
Acknowledgments	p. 128
References	p. 128
Stem Cells for Vascular Regeneration: An Engineering Approach	p. 135
Introdtuion	p. 135
Cell Sources	p. 136
Engineering Vascular Differentiation	p. 141
Three Dimensional Space	p. 142
Acknowledgments	p. 152
References	p. 152
Stem Cells and Wound Repair	p. 159
Clinical Burden of Wound Healing	p. 159
Physiology of Wound Healing	p. 161
Stem Cells and Wound Repair	p. 165
Conclusion	p. 173
References	p. 174
Engineering Cartilage: From Materials to Small Molecules	p. 181
Introduction	p. 181
Structure of Articular Cartilage of the Knee	p. 181
Osteoarthritis of the Knee	p. 183
Surgical Strategies for Repairing Focal Cartilage Defects	p. 185
Scaffolds for Assisting Operative Techniquep187
Measenchymal Stem Cells for Cartilage Tissue Engineering	p. 192
Hydrogels for Directed Differentiation of Mesenchymal Stem Cells	p. 193
Fiber-Hydrogel Composites	p. 197
Small Molecules for Directing Chondrogenesis	p. 199
Conclusion	p. 201
Acknowledgments	p. 202
References	p. 202
Adult Stem Cells for Articular Cartilage Tissue Engineering	p. 211
Introduction	p. 211
Human Bone Marrow Mesenchymal Stem Cells (hBMMSCs)	p. 213
Adipose Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells (ASCS)	p. 216
Periosteum Derived Stem Progenitor Cells (PDSCs/PDPCs)	p. 217
Synovium Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells (SMSCs)	p. 218
Human Dental Pulp Stem Cells HDPSCs	p. 219
Umbilical Cord Cord Blood Derived Stem Cells	p. 220
Other Potential Cell Sources with a Chondrogenic Potential	p. 220
Conclusion and Future Directions	p. 222
Acknowledgments	p. 222
References	p. 222
Stem Cells for Disc Repair
Introduction	p. 231
The Demanding Intervertebral Disc Environment	p. 233
Evaluating a Stem Cell Based Therapy	p. 234
Non Stem Cell Based Regeneration Strategies	p. 236
Stem Cells for Disc Repair	p. 237
Conclusion	p. 244
References	p. 244
Skeletal Tissue Engineering Progress and Prospects	p. 251
Introdution	p. 251
Lessons Learned from Endogenous Skeletal Tissue Development, Healing and Regeneration	p. 255
Progenitor Cell-Based Skeletal Tissue Engineering	p. 257
Pro-osteogenic Molecular Biology	p. 261
Advances in Skeletal Tissue Engineering Scaffolds	p. 266
Summary and Future Directions	p. 268
References	p. 269
Clinical Applications of a Stem Cell Based Therapy for Oral Bone Reconstruction	p. 277
Introduction	p. 277
Procurement Methodology for Stem Cell Containing Allograft	p. 279
Ridge Augmentation	p. 282
Sinus Augmentaion	p. 284
Discussion	p. 289
Acknowledgments	p. 292
References	p. 292
Therapeutic Strategies for Repairing the Injured Spinal Cord using Stem Cells	p. 297
Introduction	p. 297
Secondary Injury and Endogenous Repair After SCI	p. 299
Therapeutic Targets for Transplanted Stem and Progenitor Cells	p. 300
Animal Models of Spinal Cord Injury	p. 301
Types of Stem and Progenitor Cells Used for Transplantation in SCI	p. 305
Evidence for Effects on Regeneration and Sprouting	p. 306
Evidence for Effects on Neuroprotection	p. 307
Evidence for Replacement of Neurons	p. 307
Evidence for Oligodendrocyte Replacement and Remyelination	p. 308
Keys to Future Progress	p. 309
Are Stem and Progenitor Cell Therapies Ready for Clinical Trials	p. 311
Acknowledgments	p. 312
References	p. 312
Potential to Tissue Engineering and Neural Stem Cells in the Understanding and Treatment of Neurodegenerative Diseases	p. 321
Intorduction	p. 321
Neurodegenerative Diseases and Their Current Treatments	p. 322
Tissue Engineering as a Tool to Better Understand Neurodegenerative Diseases	p. 324
Neural Stem Cells to Treat Neurodegenerative Diseases	p. 329
Conclusion	p. 339
Acknowledgments	p. 339
References	p. 340
High-Throughput Systems for Stem Cell Engineering	p. 347
Introduction	p. 347
Sources of Stem Cells Suitable for High-Throughput Screening Approaches	p. 348
The Stem Cell Niche: A Cellular Microenvironment That Controls Stem Cell Behavior	p. 349
High-Throughput Intrinsic Systems for Stem Cell Investigations	p. 363
Conclusions and Future Trends	p. 365
References	p. 367
Microscale Technologies for Tissue Engineering and Stem Cell Differentiation	p. 375
Introduction	p. 375
Control of Cellular Tissue Microarchitecture	p. 377
Microscale Technologies to Investigate and Control Stem Cell Behavior	p. 380
Assembly Techniques for Creating Engineered Tissues from Microscale Building Blocks	p. 385
Conclusions and Future Directions	p. 391
References	p. 391
Quality Control of Autologous Cell- and Tissue Based Therapies	p. 397
Introcution	p. 397
Regulations Pertaining to Quality Control of Cell- and Tissue Based Products	p. 398
cGMP cGTP and Quality System	p. 401
Core Requirements of a Quality Program	p. 402
Tailoring Quality Control to the Manufacturing Process	p. 407
Conclusion	p. 417
Acknowledgments	p. 418
References	p. 418
Regulatory Challenges for Cell Based Therapentics	p. 423
Introcution	p. 423
Regulatory Challenges at Each Phase of Clinical Development	p. 425
Regional Considerations for Clinical Trials	p. 430
Use of a Clinical Research Organization	p. 435
Universal Regulatory Considerations for Cell-Based Therapeutics	p. 437
References	p. 439
Index	p. 441
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