9780470777411

Introduction
Present structural forms
Examples of structural layout suiting masonry
Reinforced and post-tensioned masonry
Arches and vaults
The robustness of masonry structures
Prefabrication
Future tradesmen
Engineering education
Advantages & disadvantages of structural masonry
Engineering education
Cost
Speed of erection
Aesthetics
Durability
Sound insulation
Thermal insulation
Fire resistance and accidental damage
Capital and current energy requirements
Resistance to movement
Repair and maintenance
Ease of combination with other materials
Availability of materials and labour
Recyclability
Disadvantages
Lack of education in masonry
Increase in obstructed area over steel and reinforced concrete
Problems with some isolated details
Foundations
Large openings
Beams and slabs
Control joints
Health & safety considerations
Design philosophy
Strength of material
Exploitation of cross-section
Exploitation of essential building elements
Limit state design
Basis of design (1): vertical loading
Compressive strength of masonry
Characteristic strength and characteristic load
Partial safety factors for loads
Characteristic compressive strength of masonry
Brickwork
Blockwork
Natural stone masonry and random rubble masonry
Alternative construction techniques
Partial safety factors for material strength
Manufacturing control (BS 5628, clause 27.2.1)
Construction control
Slenderness ratio
Horizontal and vertical lateral supports
Methods of compliance: Walls û horizontal lateral supports
Methods of compliance: Walls û vertical lateral supports
Effective height or length: Walls
Effective thickness of walls
Solid walls
Cavity walls
Loadbearing capacity reduction factor
Design compressive strength of a wall
Columns
Slenderness ratio: Columns
Columns formed by openings
Design strength
Columns or walls or small plan area
Eccentric loading
Combined effect of slenderness and eccentricity of load
Walls
Columns
Concentrated loads
Basis of design (2): lateral loading û tensile and shear strength
Direct tensile stress
Characteristic flexural strength (tensile) of masonry
Orthogonal ration
Moments of resistance: General
Moments of resistance; uncracked sections
Moments of resistance; Cracked sections
Cavity Walls
Vertical twist ties
Double-triangle and wire butterfly ties
Selection of ties
Double-lead (collar-jointed) walls
Grouted cavity walls
Differing orthogonal ratios
Effective eccentricity method of design
Arch method of design
Vertical arching
Vertical arching: return walls
Horizontal arching
Free-standing walls
General
Design bending moments
Design moment of resistance
Retaining walls
Panel walls
Limiting dimensions
Design methods
Design bending moment
Design moments of resistance
Design of ties
Propped cantilever wall design
Geometric and other sections in shear
Eccentricity of loading in plane of wall
Design of walls loaded eccentrically in the plane of the wall
Walls subjected to shear forces
Characteristic and design shear strength
Resistance to shear
Strapping, propping and tying of loadbearing masonry
Structural action
Horizontal movement
Shear keying between wall and floors
Holding down roofs subject to upward forces
Areas of concern
Other factors influencing the details of connections
Illustrated examples of strapping and tying
Design examples: Straps and ties for a three-storey masonry building
Stability, accidental damage and progressive collapse
Progressive collapse
Stability
Accidental forces (BS 5628, clause 20)
During construction
Extent of damage
Design for accidental damage
Partial safety factors
Methods (options) of checking
Loadbearing elements
Protected member
General notes
Structural elements and forms
Single-leaf walls
Double-leaf collar-jointed walls
Double-leaf cavity walls
Double-leaf grouted cavity walls
Faced walls
Veneered walls
Walls with improved section modulus
Chevron or zig-zag walls
Diaphragm walls
Mass filled diaphragms
Piered walls
Fin walls
Reinforced walls
Post-tensioned walls
Columns
Arches
Circular and elliptical tube construction
Composite construction
Horizontally reinforced masonry
Chimneys
Crosswall construction
Cellular construction
Column and plate floor construction
Combined forms of construction
Diaphragm wall and plate roof construction
Fin wall and plate roof construction
Miscellaneous wall and plate roof construction
Spine wall construction
Arch and buttressed construction
Compression tube construction
Design of masonry elements (1): Vertically loaded
Principle of design
Estimation of element size required
Sequence of design
Design of solid walls
Design of cavity walls
Ungrouted cavity walls
Grouted cavity walls
Double-leaf (or collar-jointed) walls
Design of walls with stiffening piers
Masonry columns
Diaphragm walls
Concentrated loads;
Design of masonry elements (2): Combined bending and axial loading
Method of design
Design of single-storey buildings
Design considerations
Design procedure
Fin and diaphragm walls in tall single-storey buildings
Comparison of fin and diaphragm walls
Design and construction details
Architectural design and detailing
Services
Sound and thermal insulation
Damp proof courses and membranes
Cavity cleaning
Structural detailing
Foundations
Joints
Wall opening
Construction of capping beam
Temporary propping and scaffolding
Structural design: General
Design principles: Propped cantilever
Calculate design loadings
Consider levels of critical stresses
Design bending moments
Stability moment of resistance
Shear lag
Principal tensile stress
Design symbols: Fin and diaphragm walls
Fin walls: Structural design considerations
Interaction between leaves
Spacing of fins
Size of fins
Effective section and trial section
Example 1: fin wall
Design problem
Design approach
Characteristic loads
Design loads
Design cases (as shown in figure 13.42)
Deflection of roof wind girder
Effective flange width for T profile
Spacing of fins
Trial section
Consider propped cantilever action
Stability moment of resistance
Allowable flexural compressive stresses
Calculate MRs and compare with Mb
Bending moment diagrams
Consider stresses at level Mw
Design flexural stress at Mw levels
Consider fins and deflected roof prop
Diaphragm wall: Structural design considerations
Determination of rib centres, Br
Depth of diaphragm wall and properties of sections
Shear stress coefficient, K1
Trial section coefficients, K2 and Z
Example 2: Diaphragm wall
Design problem
Characteristic and design loads
Select trial section
Determine wind and moment MRs at base
Consider the stress at level Mw
Consider diaphragm with deflected roof prop
Calculate the shear stress
Stability of transverse shear walls
Summary
Other applications
Design of multi-storey structures
Structural forms
Stability
External walls
Provision for services
Movement joints
Vertical alignment of loadbearing walls
Foundations
Flexibility
Concrete roof slab/loadbearing wall connections
Accidental damage
Choice of brick, block and mortar strengths
Crosswall construction
Stability
External cladding panel walls
Design for wind
Openings in walls
Typical applications
Elevational treatment of crosswall structures
Podiums
Spine construction
Lateral stability
Accidental damage
Cellular construction
Comparison with crosswall construction
Envelope (cladding) area
Robustness
Flexibility
Height of structure
Masonry stresses
Foundations
Column structures
Advantages
Cross-sectional shape
Size
Design procedure
Example 1: Hotel bedrooms, six floors
Characteristic loads
Design of internal crosswalls
Partial safety factor for material strength (table 4, BS 5628 û see table 5.11)
Choice of brick in the two design cases, at ground floor level
Choice of brick in the two design cases, at third flood level
Design of gable cavity walls to resist lateral loads due to wind
Uplift on roof
Design of wall
Calculation of design wall moment
Resistance moment of wall (figure 14.46)
Overall stability check
Eccentricity of loading
Accidental damage
Example 2: four-storey school building
Characteristic loads
Design of wall at ground floor level
Example 3: four-storey office block
Column structure for four-storey office block
Characteristic loads
Design of brick columns
Loading on column P
Reinforced and post tensioned masonry
General
Design theory
Comparison with concrete
Applications
Prestressing
Methods of reinforcing walls
Composite construction
Economics
Corrosion of reinforcement and prestressing steel
Cover to reinforcement and prestressing steel
Cover
Choice of system
Design of reinforced brickwork
Partial factors of safety
Strength of materials
Design for bending: reinforced masonry
Lateral stability of beams
Design formula for bending: moments of resistance for reinforced masonry;
Walls with reinforcement concentrated locally, such as pocket type and similar walls;
Locally reinforced hollow blockwork
Design formula: shear stress
Shear reinforcement
Design formula: local bond
Characteristic anchorage bond strength fb
Design for axial loading
Example 1: Design of reinforced brick beam
Example 2: Alternative design for reinforced brick beam
Example 3: Reinforced brick retaining wall
Example 4: Column design
Design for post-tensioned brickwork
General
Post-tensioned masonry: design for flexure
Design strengths
Steel stresses
Asymmetrical sections
Losses of post-tensioning force
Bearing stresses
Deflection
Partial safety factor on post-tensioning force
Example 5: High cavity wall with wind loading
Capacity reduction factor, b
Characteristic strengths
Design strengths (after losses)
Section modulus of wall
Design method
Calculation of required post-tensioning force
Consider compressive stresses: after losses
Consider compressive stresses: before losses
Design of post-tensioning rods
Example 6: Post-tensioned fin wall
Design procedure
Design post-tensioning force and eccentricity
Characteristic strengths
Loadings
Design bending moments
Theoretical flexural tensile stresses
Calculations of P and e
Spread of post-tensioning force
Characteristic post-tensioning force Pk
Capacity reduction factors, â
Check combined compressive stresses
Design flexural compressive strengths of wall: after losses
Check overall stability of wall
Example 7: Post-tensioned, brick diaphragm, retaining wall
Design procedure
Design loads
Trial section
Calculate theoretical flexural tensile stresses
Minimum required post-tensioning force based on bending stresses
Characteristic post-tensioning force Pk
Capacity reduction factors
Check combined compressive stresses
Check shear between leaf and cross-rib
Design of post-tensioning rods; Chapter 16 Arches
General design
Linear arch
Trial sections
Mathematical analysis
Design procedures
Design examples
Example 1: Footbridge arch
Example 2: Segmental arch carrying traffic loading
Example 3: Repeat example 2 using a pointed arch
Materials
Components
Movement joints
Provision for services
Table of Contents provided by Publisher. All Rights Reserved.

Amazon no longer offers textbook rentals. We do!

Amazon no longer offers textbook rentals. We do!

We're the #1 textbook rental company. Let us show you why.

Structural Masonry Designers' Manual, 3rd Edition

0470777419

Summary

Table of Contents

Supplemental Materials

Rewards Program