Summary Measures of Population Health : Concepts, Ethics, Measurement and Applications

by Murray, Christopher J. L.

• ISBN13: 9789241545518
• ISBN10: 9241545518
• Edition: 1st
• Format: Hardcover
• Copyright: 2002-11-01
• Publisher: STYLUS PUBLISHING LLC

Summary

With increasing life expectancy, measuring population health levels on the basis of mortality rates alone has become less and less relevant in many populations. At the same time, societies invest substantial resources in promoting healthy life, in addition to preventing premature death. But how effective have these efforts been? What is the appropriate metric to measure health life expectancy, or for that matter the contribution of different diseases and injuries to potential years of healthy life that are lost due to their occurrence? This book addresses the various approaches and viewpoints as to how mortality and ill-health might be combined into a single index to measure overall population health. The various uses of such summary measures of population health are described, and the appropriate measurement framework and specific ethical and social value choices are discussed and debated. The contributors include leading experts in epidemiological methods, ethics, health economics, health status measurement and the valuation of health states. Summary measures of population health are likely to become increasingly topical and debated and this volume will serve as the fundamental reference for their construction and use for scholars across all public health disciplines.

Table of Contents

Preface	xiii
Part 1. Introduction
Summary measures of population health in the context of the WHO framework for health system performance assessment	1	(12)
Christopher J.L. Murray
Julio Frenk
A critical examination of summary measures of population health	13	(28)
Christopher J.L. Murray
Joshua A. Salomon
Colin D. Mathers
The individual basis for summary measures of population health	41	(12)
Christopher J.L. Murray
Joshua A. Salomon
Colin D. Mathers
Part 2. Uses of Summary Measures of Health
Applications of summary measures of population health	53	(8)
Paul J. van der Maas
On the uses of summary measures of population health	61	(6)
Michael C. Wolfson
Commentary on the uses of summary measures of population health	67	(8)
Matthew McKenna
James Marks
Summary measures of population health: applications and issues in the United States	75	(8)
Edward Sondik
Priority-setting in the health sector and summary measures of population health	83	(8)
Prasanta Mahapatra
Part 3. Basic Concepts
Measuring the burden of disease by aggregating well-being	91	(24)
John Broome
The separability of health and well-being	115	(6)
Dan W. Brock
The limited moral arithmetic of health and well-being	121	(8)
Daniel M. Hausman
A note on measuring well-being	129	(6)
James Griffin
Fairness, goodness and levelling down	135	(4)
John Broome
My goodness---and yours: a history, and some possible futures, of DALY meanings and valuation procedures	139	(8)
Erik Nord
Evaluating summary measures of population health	147	(14)
Jeff Richardson
An equity motivated indicator of population health	161	(10)
Norberto Dachs
Levels of health and inequality in health	171	(6)
Michael C. Wolfson
Part 4. Health Expectancies
Health expectancies: an overview and critical appraisal	177	(28)
Colin D. Mathers
A new health expectancy classification system	205	(8)
Jean-Marie Robine
Health expectancies: what can we expect from summary indicators of population health?	213	(8)
Eileen M. Crimmins
Incidence- and prevalence-based SMPH: making the twain meet	221	(12)
Jan J. Barendregt
Part 5. Health Gaps
Health gaps: an overiew and critical appraisal	233	(12)
Christopher J.L. Murray
Colin D. Mathers
Joshua A. Salomon
Alan D. Lopez
Healthy life years (HeaLYs)	245	(14)
Adnan A. Hyder
Richard Morrow
Using achievable mortality reductions to define a survivorship standard for calculating mortality gaps	259	(8)
Kiyotaka Segami
Shifting the goalpost---normative survivorship goals in health gap measures	267	(6)
Theo Vos
Part 6. Causal Decomposition
Causal decomposition of summary measures of population health	273	(18)
Colin D. Mathers
Majid Ezzati
Alan D. Lopez
Christopher J.L. Murray
Anthony Rodgers
Causality theory for policy uses of epidemiological measures	291	(12)
Sander Greenland
On causal decomposition of summary measures of population health	303	(6)
Michael C. Wolfson
Causality and counterfactual analysis	309	(6)
Daniel M. Hausman
Part 7. Health State Description
Development of standardized health state descriptions	315	(14)
Ritu Sadana
Health-status classification systems for summary measures of population health	329	(14)
David Feeny
The international classification of functioning, disability and health---a common framework for describing health states	343	(6)
Bedirhan Ustun
The 6D5L description system for health state valuation	349	(20)
Prasanta Mahapatra
Lipika Nanda
K.T. Rajshree
Part 8. Measurement of Health Status in Population Surveys
Comparative analyses of more than 50 household surveys on health status	369	(18)
Ritu Sadana
Colin D. Mathers
Alan D. Lopez
Christopher J.L. Murray
Kim Moesgaard Iburg
The measurement and interpretation of health in social surveys	387	(34)
Duncan Thomas
Elizabeth Frankenberg
New approaches to enhance cross-population comparability of survey results	421	(12)
Christopher J.L. Murray
Ajay Tandon
Joshua A. Salomon
Colin D. Mathers
Ritu Sadana
Cross-population comparability of physician-assessed and self-reported measures of health	433	(16)
Kim Moesgaard Iburg
Joshua A. Salomon
Ajay Tandon
Christopher J.L. Murray
Part 9. Valuation Methods
How to derive disability weights	449	(18)
Marie-Louise Essink-Bot
Gouke J. Bonsel
The case against annual profiles for the valuation of disability weights	467	(6)
Theo Vos
Measuring health state values in developing countries---results from a community survey in Andhra Pradesh	473	(14)
Prasanta Mahapatra
Joshua A. Salomon
Lipika Nanda
Estimating health state valuations using a multiple-method protocol	487	(14)
Joshua A. Salomon
Christopher J.L. Murray
Part 10. Modelling the Relations Between Health Status Domains and Health State Valuations
Modelling the relationship between the description and valuation of health states	501	(14)
Paul Dolan
The utility approach to assessing population health	515	(14)
David Feeny
Modelling health state valuation data	529	(20)
John Brazier
Nigel Rice
Jennifer Roberts
Part 11. Determinants of Variance in Health State Valuations
Determinants of variance in health state valuations	549	(32)
Johannes Sommerfeld
Rob M.P.M. Baltussen
Laurien Metz
Mamadou Sanon
Rainer Sauerborn
Are disability weights universal? Ranking of the disabling effects of different health conditions in 14 countries by different informants	581	(12)
Bedirhan Ustun
Juergen Rehm
Somnath Chatterji
Measurement of variance in health state valuations in Phnom Penh, Cambodia	593	(26)
Ritu Sadana
A conceptual framework for understanding adaptation, coping and adjustment in health state valuations	619	(8)
Joshua A. Salomon
Christopher J.L. Murray
Part 12. Empirical Ethics
The poverty of ethical analyses in economics and the unwarranted disregard of evidence	627	(14)
Jeff Richardson
The limits to empirical ethics	641	(6)
Daniel M. Hausman
Issues in comparing the health of two populations	647	(6)
Gavin Mooney
Empirical ethics, moral philosophy, and the democracy problem	653	(4)
Dan W. Brock
Part 13. Time and Age
Accounting for time and age in summary measures of population health	657	(6)
Aki Tsuchiya
Age weighting and time discounting: technical imperative versus social choice	663	(14)
Jeff Richardson
Age weights and discounting in health gaps reconsidered	677	(8)
Christopher J.L. Murray
Arnab Acharya
Part 14. Fairness
Health and equity	685	(22)
Frances P. Kamm
Fairness in evaluating health systems	707	(10)
Erik Nord
Fairness and health	717	(10)
Dan W. Brock
All goods are relevant	727	(4)
John Broome
Part 15. Conclusions
Summary measures of population health: conclusions and recommendations	731	(26)
Christopher J.L. Murray
Joshua A. Salomon
Colin D. Mathers
Alan D. Lopez
Glossary of terms	757	(8)
Index	765