Sun Certified Network Administrator for Solaris 8 Operating Environment Study Guide

by Bushnell, Rick

• ISBN13: 9780130646699
• ISBN10: 0130646695
• Edition: 1st
• Format: Paperback
• Copyright: 2002-05-15
• Publisher: Prentice Hall

Summary

The only exam prep book endorsed by Sun Educational Services,Sun Certified Network Administrator for Solaris 8 Operating Environment Study Guidefocuses on the basic knowledge and skills network administrators need to solve real-world problems. Network expert Rick Bushnell presents a comprehensive review of the essential concepts covered in the Network Administrator exam. Featuring complete coverage of the exam objectives - by the technical lead for the certification exam development team - this guide reinforces your understanding of key network administration skills and tests your understanding with review questions that will prepare you for the real exam.

Author Biography

Rick Bushnell BA (Hons), P.G.C.E, M.B.C.S, SCNA has over 20 years of UNIX and networking experience and was the technical lead for the Sun team that developed the Sun Certified Network Administrator for the Solaris Environment exam. As a Sun Microsystems employee, Rick specialized in Solaris system and network administration support/education and has taught Solaris and TCP/IP administration to thousands of professionals. Rick is currently managing director of Gvon, Ltd., in the UK.

Table of Contents

Preface	xix
Acknowledgments	xxvii
Network Models and Protocols	1	(22)
Layered Network Models	2	(4)
The OSI/ISO 7-Layer Reference Model	3	(1)
The TCP/IP 5-Layer Model	4	(1)
Benefits of Using Network Models: A Summary	5	(1)
The Layers of the TCP/IP S-Layer Model	6	(5)
Application Layer (5)	6	(2)
Transport Layer (4)	8	(1)
Internet Layer (3)	9	(1)
Network Interface Layer (2)	10	(1)
Physical Layer (1)	11	(1)
Network Protocols	11	(5)
Transport Layer Protocols: TCP and UDP	12	(1)
Transmission Control Protocol (TCP)	12	(1)
User Datagram Protocol (UDP)	13	(1)
Internet Protocol (IPv4)	14	(1)
Internet Control Message Protocol (ICMP)	15	(1)
Peer-to-Peer Communication	16	(1)
TCP/IP Protocols by Name and Function	17	(6)
Introduction to Local Area Networks	23	(18)
LAN Basics, Advantages, and Disadvantages	24	(2)
LAN Topologies	26	(4)
Bus LANs	27	(1)
Star LANs	27	(2)
Ring LANs	29	(1)
LAN Components	30	(5)
Backbone	30	(1)
Segment	31	(1)
Repeater	31	(1)
Hub (Multiport Repeater)	31	(1)
Bridge	32	(1)
Switch (Multiport Bridge)	33	(1)
Router	34	(1)
Gateway	34	(1)
Concentrator	34	(1)
Non-TCP/IP LAN-Based Technologies and Protocols	35	(6)
The Ethernet LAN	41	(30)
The Ethernet Specification	42	(1)
IEEE Ethernet Identifiers	42	(3)
The Ethernet Address	45	(5)
The Scope of Ethernet Addresses	46	(1)
Sending Data to a Single Ethernet Host (Unicast)	46	(1)
Sending Data to a Group of Ethernet Hosts (Multicast)	46	(1)
Sending Data to All Ethernet Hosts on Subnet (Broadcast)	47	(1)
Global versus Local Port Ethernet Addresses	47	(3)
The Ethernet Frame V2	50	(5)
Frame Overhead Fields	52	(1)
Minimum Frame Length	52	(1)
Maximum Frame Length	52	(1)
Ethernet V2 Frame Fields	53	(1)
Destination Ethernet Address	53	(1)
Source Ethernet Address	53	(1)
Type Field	53	(1)
Data Field	54	(1)
Cyclic Redundancy Check (CRC)	54	(1)
The Ethernet Access Method	55	(3)
Using ndd to Set and Get Protocol and Interface Driver Parameters	58	(7)
Protocol Variables	59	(4)
Getting Parameter Settings	63	(1)
Setting Parameter Settings	64	(1)
Sun Ethernet Controllers	65	(6)
Fast Ethernet Cards	65	(1)
Slow Ethernet Cards	66	(5)
The ARP and RARP Protocols	71	(30)
Address Mapping with ARP and RARP	72	(1)
The ARP/RARP Protocol Format	73	(1)
ARP and RARP Operations	74	(15)
ARP	75	(1)
ARP Request, Operation 1 (Opcode 1)	75	(4)
ARP Reply, Operation 2 (Opcode 2)	79	(3)
RARP	82	(1)
RARP Request, Operation 3 (Opcode 3)	83	(2)
RARP Reply, Operation 4 (Opcode 4)	85	(2)
Configuring the RARP Server	87	(2)
The ARP Cache and arp Command	89	(12)
The ARP Cache	89	(1)
The Arp Command	90	(1)
Checking a Single Cache Entry	90	(1)
Viewing the Entire ARP cache with arp-a	91	(1)
Deleting an ARP Cache Entry with arp-d	92	(1)
Adding a Static ARP Cache Entry with arp-s and -f	93	(8)
The Internet Layer and IPv4	101	(54)
IPv4 Address Classes, Netmasks, and the Broadcast Address	102	(17)
IPv4 Address Classes A, B, C, and D	102	(3)
Class A Networks and Addresses	105	(1)
Class B Networks and Addresses	106	(1)
Class C Networks and Addresses	107	(2)
Class D Multicast Identifiers and Multicast Groups	109	(2)
Netmask (Subnet Mask)	111	(1)
Truth Tables, Binary Logic, and the Netmask Value	112	(1)
Computing the Network Number Using the Netmask Rule	113	(1)
The Broadcast Address	114	(2)
Special-Case IP Addresses	116	(1)
Special Broadcast Address Types	117	(2)
Subnetting	119	(8)
Why Subnet?	119	(1)
Creating Multiple Logical Networks from a Single Network Address	119	(1)
Traffic and Protocol Isolation	119	(1)
Increased Security	120	(1)
Delegated Subnet Administration	120	(1)
How Subnetting Works	120	(3)
Subnetting on a Non-Byte Boundary	123	(4)
The IPv4 Datagram Header and Datagram Fragmentation	127	(7)
The IPv4 Header	127	(1)
IPv4 Header Fields	127	(4)
Datagram Fragmentation	131	(3)
Classless Inter Domain Routing (CIDR)	134	(2)
The Netmasks File	136	(1)
Variable Length Subnet Masks (VLSM)	137	(2)
Configuring a Network Interface	139	(16)
Types of Solaris 8 Interfaces	140	(1)
Configuring the Three Types of Solaris Interfaces	141	(1)
Example 1	142	(1)
Example 2	142	(1)
Example 3	143	(1)
Example 4	143	(1)
Example 5	144	(1)
Example 6	144	(5)
Plumbing in a Temporary Virtual Interface	149	(1)
Creating a Permanent Virtual Interface	150	(5)
Routing over TCP/IP with Solaris 8	155	(40)
IP Routing-An Introduction	156	(4)
Non-router Host Behavior	156	(1)
Router Host Behavior	157	(1)
A Routing Example	158	(2)
Solaris 8 Routing Protocols and Daemons	160	(11)
The Routing Information Protocol (RIP)	162	(1)
RIP Features	163	(1)
The RIP Routing Process	163	(2)
Stability Properties of RIP	165	(2)
The Router Discovery Protocol (RDP)	167	(2)
Building the MAC Address for a Multicast Group	169	(2)
Solaris 8 Router Configuration Files and Their Functions	171	(7)
Adding Default Routes through the /etc/defaultrouter File	173	(2)
Direct and Indirect Routing	175	(1)
Working with the /etc/gateways File	176	(1)
Example 1: Adding a Network Route to the Routing Table on Host voyager	176	(1)
Example 2: Adding a Default Route to the Routing Table Using the etc/gateways File	177	(1)
Example 3: Preventing RIP from Entering or Leaving an Interface	177	(1)
Configuring a Solaris 8 System as a Router	178	(4)
Administering the Solaris 8 Routing Table Using the route and netstat Commands	182	(13)
Adding and Deleting Routes Using the route Command	182	(1)
Example 1: Adding a Network-Specific Route on mars	182	(1)
Example 2: Adding a Network-Specific Route on pluto	183	(1)
Example 3: Adding a Default Route on voyager	183	(1)
Example 4: Deleting the Network-Specific Route Added in Example 1	184	(1)
Example 5: Deleting the Network-Specific Route Added in Example 2	184	(1)
Example 6: Deleting the Default Route on voyager Added in Example 3	185	(1)
Continuously Monitoring Routing Information Using the route Command	185	(1)
Getting Routing Information and Displaying on Standard Output	186	(1)
Viewing the Routing Table with netstat	187	(1)
Line 1	187	(1)
Line 2	188	(1)
Line 3	188	(1)
Line 4	188	(1)
Line 5	189	(1)
Using netstat -rn	189	(1)
Additional in.routed Options	190	(1)
Capturing Routing Information in a Log File	190	(1)
Capturing Routing Information and Displaying on Standard Output	191	(4)
The Transport Layer Protocols	195	(34)
TCP Encapsulation, Header, and Features	196	(20)
TCP Encapsulation	196	(1)
The TCP Header	197	(1)
Source and Destination Port Numbers	197	(2)
32-Bit Sequence Number	199	(1)
32-Bit Acknowledgment Number	200	(1)
4-Bit Header Length	201	(1)
Control Bits	201	(1)
Window Size	202	(1)
Checksum	202	(2)
Urgent Pointer	204	(1)
Options	204	(1)
Padding	204	(1)
TCP Data	204	(1)
TCP Features	205	(1)
Connection Establishment and Release	205	(8)
Positive Acknowledgment with Retransmission	213	(2)
Sliding Window Protocol	215	(1)
UDP Encapsulation, Header, and Features	216	(7)
UDP Encapsulation	216	(1)
The UDP Header	217	(1)
Source and Destination Port Fields	218	(1)
The UDP Length Field	218	(1)
The UDP Checksum Field	218	(1)
UDP Features	219	(3)
Line 1	222	(1)
Line 2	222	(1)
Comparison of TCP and UDP	223	(1)
The IP Interface to the Transport Layer	223	(6)
The Client-Server Model	229	(32)
Servers, Clients, and Services	230	(4)
Client/Server Applications: An Overview	230	(1)
ONC+ Applications	231	(1)
eXternal Data Representation (XDR)	232	(1)
Transport Layer Interface (TLI)	233	(1)
Sockets	233	(1)
Network File System (NFS)	233	(1)
Network Information Service (NIS/NIS+)	233	(1)
Configuring Solaris 8 Servers	234	(13)
Starting Servers	235	(1)
Starting Standalone Servers	235	(2)
Starting Services through inetd	237	(6)
Allocating Port Numbers to Traditional and TI-RPC Servers	243	(1)
Port Allocation to Traditional Servers via /etc/inet/services	243	(2)
Port Allocation to TI RPC Servers via rpcbind	245	(1)
TI-RPC Server Program Numbers	246	(1)
Monitoring Services and Servers	247	(14)
Server Monitoring with the netstat Command	248	(4)
Server Monitoring with the rpcinfo Command	252	(1)
rpcbind Fields	253	(2)
mountd Fields	255	(1)
The /etc/rpc File	255	(1)
Official Server Name	256	(1)
Program Number	256	(1)
Aliases	256	(1)
Comparing inetd and rpcbind	257	(4)
Dynamic Address Allocation with DHCP	261	(38)
Overview of DHCP	262	(7)
DHCP Terminology	262	(1)
DHCP Client	262	(1)
DHCP Server	263	(1)
BOOTP Relay	263	(1)
DHCP Binding	264	(1)
Lease	264	(1)
Advantages of Using DHCP	264	(1)
Disadvantages of Using DHCP	265	(1)
DHCP IP Address Allocation Modes	266	(1)
Automatic Allocation of Permanent IP Addresses	267	(1)
Dynamic Allocation of IP Addresses	267	(1)
Manual Allocation of IP Addresses	267	(1)
Allocating a Specific Address to a DHCP Client	268	(1)
DHCP Configuration Files	269	(17)
The /etc/dhcp/inittab File	270	(1)
Option Type STANDARD	271	(2)
Option Type SITE	273	(1)
Option Type VENDOR	273	(1)
Option Type FIELD	274	(1)
Option Type INTERNAL	274	(1)
The /var/dhcp/dhcp_network File	275	(2)
The /var/dhcp/dhcptab File	277	(1)
Name	278	(1)
Type	278	(1)
Value	278	(2)
Lease Negotiation	280	(3)
The /etc/dhcp.interface File	283	(1)
The /etc/default/dhcp File	283	(1)
The /etc/default/dhcpagent File	284	(1)
Example 1	284	(1)
Example 2	285	(1)
Administering DHCP Clients and Servers	286	(7)
DHCP Server Installation Using dhcpconfig	286	(2)
Managing the/var/dhcp/dhcp_network File with the pntadm Command	288	(1)
The -c Option	289	(1)
The -a Option	289	(1)
The -m Option	289	(1)
The -d Option	290	(1)
The -p Option	290	(1)
The -r Option	290	(1)
The -l Option	290	(1)
Managing the /var/dhcp/dhcptab File with the pntadm Command	291	(1)
The -C Option	291	(1)
The -A Option	291	(1)
The -M Option	292	(1)
The -D Option	292	(1)
The -R Option	292	(1)
The DHCP Server Daemon in.dhcpd	293	(6)
Network Management Using SNMP	299	(12)
Network Management: An Overview	300	(2)
Network Management as Defined by ISO	300	(1)
Network Management Tools	301	(1)
Introduction to the Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMP)	302	(9)
SNMP Functions: get, set, and trap	303	(1)
Structure of Management Information and the OID Tree	304	(1)
Management Information Bases (MIB) and ASN	305	(1)
Sun's SNMP-Based Management Tools	306	(5)
Domain Name Service (DNS)	311	(56)
DNS: The Glue of the Internet	312	(1)
DNS and Berkeley Internet Domain Name (BIND) Software	313	(3)
Solaris 8 Version of DNS and BIND	313	(1)
Solaris Name Services: A Comparison	314	(2)
The DNS Namespace	316	(7)
Domain Name Basics	316	(1)
Fully Qualified Domain Names (FQDN) versus Relative Domain Names (RDN)	317	(1)
Top Level Domains (TLDs)	317	(4)
Zones of Authority and Delegation	321	(2)
Types of DNS Servers	323	(10)
Root-Level DNS Servers	324	(1)
Nonroot Master DNS Servers and the named.root File	324	(3)
DNS Master Servers	327	(1)
DNS Slave Servers	327	(1)
DNS Caching-Only Servers	328	(1)
DNS Forwarding Servers	329	(1)
Querying Servers: Recursion versus Iteration	329	(4)
The Main Configuration File /etc/named.conf	333	(10)
Named.conf Entries	334	(1)
The /etc/named.conf Main Configuration File	335	(1)
The Directives in /etc/named.conf	335	(1)
Options	335	(2)
Server	337	(1)
Zone	338	(3)
The acl Directive	341	(1)
The include Directive	342	(1)
The Zone Database Files and the Resource Record (RR) Format	343	(11)
Syntax of the Resource Record (RR)	344	(1)
[NAME] Field	345	(1)
[TTL] Field	345	(1)
[CLASS] Field	345	(1)
[RECORD-TYPE] and [RECORD-DATA] Fields	345	(1)
The Zone Database Files	346	(1)
A Forward Zone File Example	346	(5)
The Reverse Zone File	351	(2)
The Root Zone File	353	(1)
Creating a DNS Server and Client Step by Step	354	(7)
Creating a DNS Server	354	(1)
Creating The Main /etc/named.conf File on Server rigel	355	(1)
Creating a /var/named Directory and Desired Subdirectories	355	(1)
Creating Zone Files for Each Zone Supported	356	(3)
Modifying the /etc/nsswitch.conf File	359
Starting in.named	358	(1)
Creating a DNS Client	359	(2)
DNS Debugging and Dumping the DNS Cache	361	(6)
Sending Signals to in.named	361	(1)
The INT Signal-Dumping the DNS Server's Cache	361	(1)
The HUP Signal-Reloading the Server's Configuration Files	362	(1)
The USR1 Signal-Activating Real-Time Debugging	362	(1)
The TERM and KILL Signals-Killing in.named	363	(1)
Additional Tools	363	(4)
The Network Time Protocol (NTP)	367	(20)
Solaris 8 NTP Features and Terminology	368	(3)
NTP Basic Terminology	368	(1)
A Brief Description of Solaris 8 NTP	369	(2)
Solaris 8 NTP Configuration Files	371	(2)
The Primary NTP Configuration Files	371	(1)
/etc/inet/ntp.conf	371	(1)
/var/ntp/ntp.drift	372	(1)
/etc/init.d/xntpd	372	(1)
/var/adm/messages	372	(1)
Verifying That Solaris 8 NTP Packages Are Installed	372	(1)
Configuring a Solaris 8 NTP Client and Server	373	(14)
Configuring a Solaris 8 NTP Server	374	(1)
Creating the NTP Server Main Configuration File	374	(1)
Configuring the NTP Server	374	(5)
Configuring a Solaris 8 NTP Client	379	(1)
Configuring the Client's ntp.conf File	379	(1)
Running the xntpd Daemon	380	(1)
Client Synchronization and the Log File Entries	380	(2)
Some Useful NTP Commands: ntpq and ntptrace	382	(5)
The New Internet Protocol: IPv6	387	(33)
IPv6, the New Internet Protocol	388	(1)
The IPv6 Datagram Header	389	(4)
Fields of the IPv6 Header	389	(1)
Version	389	(1)
Traffic Class	389	(1)
Flow Label	390	(1)
Payload Length	390	(1)
Next Header	390	(1)
Hop Limit	391	(1)
Source IP Address	391	(1)
Destination IP Address	391	(1)
Comparing the IPv6 and IPv4 Headers	392	(1)
IPv4 Options Field	392	(1)
Checksum Field	392	(1)
Router Fragmentation Field	392	(1)
The IPv6 Address Format	393	(8)
Text Representation of IPv6 Addresses	394	(1)
Colon Notation Example Using an IPv4 Address	394	(2)
Colon Notation Example Using IPv6 Addresses	396	(4)
IPv6 Subnet Prefixes	400	(1)
The Three Types of IPv6 Addresses	401	(13)
The Three Types of IPv6 Unicast Addresses	402	(1)
Aggregatable Global Unicast Addresses	402	(2)
Site-Local Unicast Addresses	404	(1)
Link-Local Unicast Addresses	405	(1)
IPv6 Special Unicast Addresses	406	(3)
IPv6 Multicast Addresses	409	(1)
The IPv6 Multicast Address Format	409	(2)
Multicast Addresses Used by the Network Time Protocol (NTP)	411	(1)
Node-Local, Link-Local, and Site-Local Multicast Addresses	412	(1)
IPv6 Anycast Addresses	413	(1)
Configuring an IPv6 Network Interface	414	(6)
Autoconfiguring IPv6 Link-Local Addresses	415	(1)
Obtaining the Host's Ethernet Address	416	(1)
Converting to Binary	417	(1)
Inverting Bit 7 (High-Order Byte)	417	(1)
Inserting 0xFF and 0xFE between the CID and VID	417	(1)
Adding the Prefix	418	(1)
Configuring an IPv6 Permanent Address Manually	418	(1)
Plumbing in Interface hme0:10	419	(1)
Bringing Up and Assigning an IPv6 Address	419	(1)
Testing with the ping Command	420	(1)
Appendix A Multiple-Choice Answers	420	(15)
Appendix B Free Response Answers	435	(14)
Appendix C Examination Objectives	449	(4)
Index	453

Excerpts

PrefaceBe sure to understand the policy for changing your exam date and time in case you need to reschedule your exam. Also be sure you understand any time limitations regarding the starting time for your exam. If you are late, you might not be able to take your exam. Restrictions and penalties for cancellations and/or late arrivals may apply. Carefully read all of the terms and conditions printed on your exam confirmation.Notes and warnings are enclosed in boxes so that they will stand out. Why Certification?What is all the commotion about technical certifications? Is it just hype-or is there really something to it? What is the true value of a certification? In the quest for competitive advantage among IT professionals, certification is rapidly becoming a key distinguishing characteristic for those able to attain it. Here is what industry analysts are saying: Certification in leading technologies (such as Solaris) is a key to higher pay.This reflects a trend where companies are paying more for knowledge, rather than just experience. Certification is becoming the new standard for professionalism in business.Although the college degree is still very important, the technical certification is evidence of proficiency with a particular technology or product. Certification is an independent, objective verification of knowledge. Having a certification may make the difference between getting invited to the interview--or not.Technologists need differentiators--not just accomplishments, but objective measures of technical proficiency--in order to stay competitive and stand out from the crowd of "wanna-bes." Managers value certification because it increases quality and productivity of work. Solaris is the market leader in the UNIX space.UNIX is the leader in the server OS space. Solaris does the heavy lifting on Wall Street, in compute-intensive engineering and biotechnology, and in E-commerce.You need a certification if you want to stay ahead of the competition. This book will guide you to Solaris certification. Intended AudienceSolaris 8 Certificationis intended for experienced UNIX network administrators who wish to prepare for theSun Certified Network Administrator for the Solaris 8 Operating Environmentexam.If you wish to take the exam but feel that you need to learn more, contact Sun Education at http://suned.sun.com/ . There you can find out about training materials and classes in your area. You can also contact Sun Education at: Sun Education UBRM12-175 500 Eldorado Blvd. Broomfield, CO 80021 Phone: [phone], or [phone] Fax: [phone] Registering for the ExamFollow these steps to register for the exam: Purchase a Certification Voucher by calling Sun Education at 1-800-422-8020. Outside the U.S., contact your local Sun Education office. If you do not know the location of your local Sun Education office, you can find it here: http://suned.sun.com/USA/certification/global_contacts/index.html The exam costs US $150.00. You will be given a voucher number, which will be the letters "SE" followed by eight digits, for example, SE01470053. Save this number--you will need it to schedule the examination. Schedule your examination by visiting the Prometric Services Web site at http://2test.com/ SelectInformation Technology Certifications. You'll then be taken to a login page; you must log in to continue (you will have an opportunity create a login if this is your first visit to the site). After logging in, you will see the Certification Program page; selectSun Educationfrom the pull-down menu. Select the country where you wil