Systema Porifera

by Hooper, John N. A.; Soest, R. W. M. Van; Hooper, John N. A.

• ISBN13: 9780306472602
• ISBN10: 0306472600
• Format: Hardcover
• Copyright: 2003-02-01
• Publisher: Plenum Pub Corp

Summary

Phylum porifera is an ecologically and economically important group of marine invertebrates, currently a major focus of marine natural product (pharmaceutical) research. Research whilst compiling this book has uncovered a fauna about twice the size as that previously published in the literature and consequently Systema Porifera revises and stabilizes the systematics of the phylum to accommodate this new knowledge in a contemporary framework. Practical tools (key illustrations, descriptions of character) are provided to facilitate the assignment of approximately 680 extant and 100 fossil genera. Systema Porifera is unique making sponge taxonomy widely available at the practical level of classification (genera, families, order). It is a taxonomic revision of sponges and spongiomorphis (such as sphinctozoans and archaeocyathans) based on re-evaluation of type materials and evidence. It is also a practical guide to sponge identification providing descriptions and illustrations of characters and interpretation of their importance to systematics. Systema Porifera addresses many long standing nomenclatural problems and provides a sound baseline for future debate on sponges and their place in time and space. Sponges are among the most highly diverse and successful of the aquatic invertebrate phyla, with about 7000 described species and at least twice this number extant worldwide. They are an ancient group, largely unchanged in their body plans since the late Cambrian. Once an important reef-building phylum they have radiated and diversified and are found in all aquatic habitats today. They are economically as well as ecologically important being primary targets for marine natural products and pharmaceutical research and consequently our knowledge of sponge biodiversity has increased substantially over recent decades. The Systema Porifera describes 3 classes, 7 subclasses, 24 orders, 127 families and 682 valid genera of extant sponges (with over 1600 nominal generic names and an additional 500 invalid names treated). Treatment of the fossil fauna is less comprehensive or critical, although 6 classes, 30 orders, 245 families and 998 fossil genera are mentioned. Keys to all recent and many fossil taxa are provided.

Table of Contents

Key to Symbols, Institutional Acronyms, Abbreviations	xv
Acknowledgements	xvii
Introduction	1	(3)
John N.A. Hooper
Rob W.M. Van Soest
Bibliography of Introductions	4	(5)
Philippe Willenz
Phylum Porifera Grant	9	(6)
John N.A. Hooper
Rob W.M. Van Soest
Francoise Debrenne
Class Demospongiae Sollas	15	(56)
John N.A. Hooper
Rob W.M. Van Soest
Bibliography of Class Demospongiae	19	(33)
Philippe Willenz
Non-Lithistid Fossil Demospongiae -- Origins of their Palaeobiodiversity and Highlights in History of Preservation	52	(17)
Joachim Reitner
Gert Worheide
†`Class Stromatoporoidea' Nicholson & Murie, Stromatoporoids	69	(2)
Alex Cook
Order Homosclerophorida Dendy. Family Plakinidae Schulze	71	(12)
Guilherme Muricy
Maria Christina Diaz
Order Spirophorida Bergquist & Hogg	83	(22)
Rob W.M. Van Soest
John N.A. Hooper
Family Tetillidae Sollas	85	(14)
Rob W.M. Van Soest
Klaus Rutzler
Family Samidae Sollas	99	(3)
Rob W.M. Van Soest
John N.A. Hooper
Family Spirasigmidae Hallmann	102	(3)
John N.A. Hooper
Rob W.M. Van Soest
Order Astrophorida Sollas	105	(64)
John N.A. Hooper
Rob W.M. Van Soest
Family Ancorinidae Schmidt	108	(19)
Maria J. Uriz
Family Calthropellidae Lendenfeld	127	(7)
Rob W.M. Van Soest
John N.A. Hooper
Family Geodiidae Gray	134	(7)
Maria J. Uriz
Family Pachastrellidae Carter	141	(22)
Manuel Maldonado
Family Thrombidae Sollas	163	(2)
Maria J. Uriz
Astrophorida Incertae Sedis	165	(4)
John N.A. Hooper
Manuel Maldonado
Order Hadromerida Topsent	169	(122)
John N.A. Hooper
Rob W.M. Van Soest
Family Clionaidae D'Orbigny	173	(13)
Klaus Rutzler
Family Hemiasterellidae Lendenfeld	186	(10)
John N.A. Hooper
Family Placospongiidae Gray	196	(5)
Klaus Rutzler
Family Polymastiidae Gray	201	(19)
Nicole Boury-Esnault
Family Spirastrellidae Ridley & Dendy	220	(4)
Klaus Rutzler
Family Stylocordylidae Topsent	224	(3)
Rob W.M. Van Soest
Family Suberitidae Schmidt	227	(18)
Rob W.M. Van Soest
Family Tethyidae Gray	245	(21)
Michele Sara
Family Timeidae Topsent	266	(2)
Klaus Rutzler
Family Trachycladidae Hallmann	268	(7)
John N.A. Hooper
Rob W.M. Van Soest
Family Acanthochaetetidae Fischer	275	(4)
Klaus Rutzler
Jean Vacelet
Family Sollasellidae Lendenfeld	279	(2)
Rob W.M. Van Soest
Family Alectonidae Rosell	281	(10)
Klaus Rutzler
Order Chondrosida Boury-Esnault & Lopes. Family Chondrillidae Gray	291	(8)
Nicole Boury-Esnault
`Lithistid' Demospongiae	299	(104)
Andrzej Pisera
Claude Levi
Family Scleritodermidae Sollas	302	(10)
Andrzej Pisera
Claude Levi
Family Corallistidae Sollas	312	(9)
Andrzej Pisera
Claude Levi
Family Pleromidae Sollas	321	(6)
Andrzej Pisera
Claude Levi
Family Theonellidae Lendenfeld	327	(11)
Andrzej Pisera
Claude Levi
Family Siphonidiidae Lendenfeld	338	(6)
Andrzej Pisera
Claude Levi
Family Neopeltidae Sollas	344	(8)
Andrzej Pisera
Claude Levi
Family Azoricidae Sollas	352	(4)
Andrzej Pisera
Claude Levi
Family Desmanthidae Topsent	356	(7)
Andrzej Pisera
Claude Levi
Family Vetulinidae Lendenfeld	363	(3)
Andrzej Pisera
Claude Levi
Family Phymatellidae Schrammen	366	(8)
Andrzej Pisera
Claude Levi
Family Isoraphiniidae Schrammen	374	(3)
Andrzej Pisera
Claude Levi
Family Macandrewiidae Schrammen	377	(3)
Andrzej Pisera
Claude Levi
Family Phymaraphiniidae Schrammen	380	(4)
Andrzej Pisera
Claude Levi
Lithistids Incertae Sedis	384	(4)
Andrzej Pisera
Claude Levi
†Fossil Lithistids: An Overview	388	(15)
Andrzej Pisera
Order Poecilosclerida Topsent	403	(6)
John N.A. Hooper
Rob W.M. Van Soest
Suborder Microcionina Hajdu, Van Soest & Hooper	409	(106)
John N.A. Hooper
Family Acarnidae Dendy	412	(20)
John N.A. Hooper
Family Microcionidae Carter	432	(37)
John N.A. Hooper
Family Raspailiidae Hentschel	469	(42)
John N.A. Hooper
Family Rhabderemiidae Topsent	511	(4)
John N.A. Hooper
Suborder Myxillina Hajdu, Van Soest & Hooper	515	(118)
Rob W.M. Van Soest
Family Chondropsidae Carter	521	(7)
Rob W.M. Van Soest
Family Coelosphaeridae Dendy	528	(19)
Rob W.M. Van Soest
Family Crambeidae Levi	547	(9)
Rob W.M. Van Soest
Family Crellidae Dendy	556	(11)
Rob W.M. Van Soest
Family Dendoricellidae Hentschel	567	(5)
Rob W.M. Van Soest
Family Desmacididae Schmidt	572	(3)
Rob W.M. Van Soest
Family Hymedesmiidae Topsent	575	(19)
Rob W.M. Van Soest
Family Iotrochotidae Dendy	594	(8)
Rob W.M. Van Soest
Family Myxillidae Dendy	602	(19)
Rob W.M. Van Soest
Family Phellodermidae fam. nov.	621	(4)
Rob W.M. Van Soest
Eduardo Hajdu
Family Tedaniidae Ridley & Dendy	625	(8)
Rob W.M. Van Soest
Suborder Mycalina Hajdu, Van Soest & Hooper	633	(74)
Rob W.M. Van Soest
Eduardo Hajdu
Family Cladorhizidae Dendy	636	(6)
Eduardo Hajdu
Jean Vacelet
Family Desmacellidae Ridley & Dendy	642	(9)
Eduardo Hajdu
Rob W.M. Van Soest
Family Guitarridae Dendy	651	(5)
Eduardo Hajdu
Clea Lerner
Family Esperiopsidae Hentschel	656	(9)
Rob W.M. Van Soest
Eduardo Hajdu
Family Hamacanthidae Gray	665	(4)
Eduardo Hajdu
Family Mycalidae Lundbeck	669	(22)
Rob W.M. Van Soest
Eduardo Hajdu
Family Merliidae Kirkpatrick	691	(3)
Eduardo Hajdu
Rob W.M. Van Soest
`Family Podospongiidae De Laubenfels	694	(9)
Michelle Kelly
Toufiek Samaai
Family Isodictyidae Dendy	703	(4)
Eduardo Hajdu
Gisele Lobo-Hajdu
Suborder Latrunculina subord. nov. incertae sedis	707	(14)
Michelle Kelly
Toufiek Samaai
Family Latrunculiidae Topsent	708	(13)
Toufiek Samaai
Michelle Kelly
Order Halichondrida Gray	721	(96)
Rob W.M. Van Soest
John N.A. Hooper
Family Axinellidae Carter	724	(24)
Belinda Alvarez
John N.A. Hooper
Family Bubaridae Topsent	748	(7)
Belinda Alvarez
Rob W.M. Van Soest
Family Desmoxyidae Hallmann	755	(18)
John N.A. Hooper
Family Dictyonellidae Van Soest, Diaz & Pomponi	773	(14)
Rob W.M. Van Soest
Dirk Erpenbeck
Belinda Alvarez
Family Halichondriidae Gray	787	(30)
Dirk Erpenbeck
Rob W.M. Van Soest
Order Agelasida Hartman	817	(14)
Rob W.M. Van Soest
John N.A. Hooper
Family Agelasiidae Verrill	819	(5)
Rob W.M. Van Soest
Family Astroscleridae Lister	824	(7)
Jean Vacelet
Order Haplosclerida Topsent	831	(2)
Rob W.M. Van Soest
John N.A. Hooper
Suborder Haplosclerina Topsent	833	(58)
Rob W.M. Van Soest
John N.A. Hooper
Family Callyspongiidae de Laubenfels	835	(17)
R. Desqueyroux-Faundez
C. Valentine
Family Chalinidae Gray	852	(22)
Wallie H. De Weerdt
Family Niphatidae Van Soest	874	(17)
Ruth Desqueyroux-Faundez
C. Valentine
Suborder Petrosina Boury-Esnault & Van Beveren	891	(30)
Rob W.M. Van Soest
John N.A. Hooper
Family Phloeodictyidae Carter	893	(13)
R. Desqueyroux-Faundez
C. Valentine
Family Petrosiidae Van Soest	906	(12)
R. Desqueyroux-Faundez
Clare Valentine
Family Calcifibrospongiidae Hartman	918	(3)
Rob W.M. Van Soest
Suborder Spongillina Subord. nov.: Freshwater Sponges	921	(100)
Renata Manconi
Roberto Pronzato
Order Dictyoceratida Minchin	1021	(46)
Steve de C. Cook
Patricia R. Bergquist
Family Irciniidae Gray	1022	(6)
Steve de C. Cook
Patricia R. Bergquist
Family Thorectidae Bergquist	1028	(23)
Steve de C. Cook
Patricia R. Bergquist
Family Spongiidae Gray	1051	(10)
Steve de C. Cook
Patricia R. Bergquist
Family Dysideidae Gray	1061	(6)
Steve de C. Cook
Patricia R. Bergquist
Order Dendroceratida Minchin	1067	(10)
Patricia R. Bergquist
Steve de C. Cook
Family Darwinellidae Merejkowsky	1068	(4)
Patricia R. Bergquist
Steve de C. Cook
Family Dictyodendrillidae Bergquist	1072	(5)
Patricia R. Bergquist
Steve de C. Cook
Order Halisarcida Bergquist	1077	(4)
Patricia R. Bergquist
Steve de C. Cook
Family Halisarcidae Schmidt	1078	(3)
Patricia R. Bergquist
Steve de C. Cook
Order Verongida Bergquist	1081	(16)
Patricia R. Bergquist
Steve de C. Cook
Family Aplysinidae Carter	1082	(4)
Patricia R. Bergquist
Steve de C. Cook
Family Pseudoceratinidae Carter	1086	(3)
Patricia R. Bergquist
Steve de C. Cook
Family Ianthellidae Hyatt	1089	(5)
Patricia R. Bergquist
Steve de C. Cook
Family Aplysinellidae Bergquist	1094	(3)
Patricia R. Bergquist
Steve de C. Cook
Recent `Sphinctozoa', Order Verticillitida, Family Verticillitidae Steinmann	1097	(2)
Jean Vacelet
Demospongiae Incertae sedis: Myceliospongia Vacelet & Perez	1099	(4)
Jean Vacelet
Thierry Perez
John N.A. Hooper
Index of Higher Taxa to Volumes 1 and 2	xxi
Key to Symbols, Institutional Acronyms, Abbreviations	xv
Acknowledgements	xvii
Class Calcarea Bowerbank	1103	(18)
Michael Manuel
Radovan Borojevic
Nicole Boury-Esnault
Jean Vacelet
Bibliography of Class Calcarea	1111	(6)
Philippe Willenz
†Fossil Calcarea. An Overview	1117	(4)
John Pickett
†Order Heteractinida Hinde	1121	(20)
John Pickett
Order Clathrinida Hartman	1141	(12)
Radovan Borojevic
Nicole Boury-Esnault
Michael Manuel
Jean Vacelet
Order Murrayonida Vacelet	1153	(4)
Jean Vacelet
Radovan Borojevic
Nicole Boury-Esnault
Michael Manuel
Order Leucosolenida Hartman	1157	(28)
Radovan Borojevic
Nicole Boury-Esnault
Michael Manuel
Jean Vacelet
Order Lithonida Vacelet, Recent	1185	(8)
Jean Vacelet
Radovan Borojevic
Nicole Boury-Esnault
Michael Manuel
Order Baerida Borojevic, Boury-Esnault & Vacelet	1193	(8)
Radovan Borojevic
Nicole Boury-Esnault
Michael Manuel
Jean Vacelet
Class Hexactinellida Schmidt	1201	(30)
Henry M. Reiswig
Bibliography of Class Hexactinellida	1203	(8)
Philippe Willenz
†Fossil Hexactinellida: An Overview	1211	(13)
Manfred Krautter
Dictionary of Hexactinellida	1224	(7)
Konstantin R. Tabachnick
Henry M. Reiswig
Order Amphidiscosida Schrammen	1231	(50)
Henry M. Reiswig
Family Hyalonematidae Gray	1232	(32)
Konstantin R. Tabachnick
Larisa L. Menshenina
Family Monorhaphididae Ijima	1264	(3)
Konstantin R. Tabachnick
Family Pheronematidae Gray	1267	(14)
Konstantin R. Tabachnick
Larisa L. Menshenina
Order Hexactionsida Schrammen	1281	(80)
Henry M. Reiswig
Family Aphrocallistidae Gray	1282	(5)
Henry M. Reiswig
Family Craticulariidae Rauff (Recent)	1287	(3)
Henry M. Reiswig
Family Cribrospongiidae Roemer (Recent)	1290	(3)
Henry M. Reiswig
Family Dactylocalycidae Gray	1293	(8)
Henry M. Reiswig
Family Euretidae Zittel	1301	(31)
Henry M. Reiswig
Benjamin Wheeler
Family Farreidae Gray	1332	(9)
Henry M. Reiswig
Family Tretodictyidae Schulze	1341	(14)
Henry M. Reiswig
Hexactinosida incertae sedis	1355	(6)
Henry M. Reiswig
Order Aulocalycoida Tabachnick & Reiswig	1361	(16)
Henry M. Reiswig
Family Aulocalycidae Ijima	1362	(10)
Henry M. Reiswig
Family Uncinateridae fam. nov.	1372	(5)
Henry M. Reiswig
Order Lychniscosida Schrammen	1377	(10)
Henry M. Reiswig
Family Aulocystidae Sollas	1378	(5)
Henry M. Reiswig
Family Diapleuridae Ijima	1383	(4)
Henry M. Reiswig
Order Lyssacinosida Zittel	1387	(124)
Henry M. Reiswig
Family Euplectellidae Gray	1388	(47)
Konstantin R. Tabachnick
Family Leucopsacidae Ijima	1435	(6)
Konstantin R. Tabachnick
Family Rossellidae Schulze	1441	(65)
Konstantin R. Tabachnick
Lyssacinosida Incertae sedis	1506	(5)
Konstantin R. Tabachnick
†Fossil `Sphinctozoa': Chambered Sponges (Polyphyletic)	1511	(28)
Baba Senowbari-Daryan
Diego C. Garcia-Bellido
Bibliography of Fossil `Sphinctozoans'	1534	(5)
Baba Senowbari-Daryan
Diego C. Garcia-Bellido
†Class Archaeocyatha Bornemann	1539	(162)
Francoise Debrenne
A. Yu. Zhuravlev
Pierre D. Kruse
Bibliography of Class Archaeocyatha	1693	(8)
Francoise Debrenne
A. Yu. Zhuravlev
Pierre D. Kruse
Annotated List of Unrecognisable Sponge Taxa and Unavailable Names	1701	(6)
John N.A. Hooper
Rob W.M. Van Soest
Bibliography of Unrecognisable Sponge Taxa	1707
Philippe Willenz
Index of Higher Taxa to Volumes 1 and 2	xxi