Tapping the Green Market

by Shanley, Patricia; Pierce, Alan Robert; Laird, Sarah A.; Guillen, Abraham

• ISBN13: 9781853838101
• ISBN10: 1853838101
• Format: Paperback
• Copyright: 2002-12-01
• Publisher: Routledge

Summary

There is a rapidly growing interest in, and demand for non-timber forest products (NTFPs); they provide critical resources across the globe, fulfilling nutritional, medicinal, financial and cultural needs. However, they have been largely overlooked in mainstream conservation and forestry politics. "Tapping the Green Market" explains the use and importance of certification and eco-labelling for guaranteeing best management practices of non-timber forest products in the field. Using extensive case studies and global profiles of non-timber forest products, this volume not only furthers our comprehension of certification processes but also broadens our understanding of non-timber forest product management, harvesting and marketing. It will prove invaluable for forest managers, policy makers and conservation organizations as well as for academics in these areas.

Table of Contents

List of figures, tables and boxes	p. viii
About the contributors	p. x
The NTFP certification project team	p. xiii
The People and Plants initiative	p. xv
People and Plants partners	p. xvi
Acknowledgements	p. xvii
Overview
Introduction	p. 3
The rise of certification, the current state of the playing field for NTFP certification programmes and future prospects	p. 7
The process of drafting and revising guidelines for NTFP certification	p. 20
Summaries of the field-testing results in Mexico, Bolivia and Brazil	p. 28
NTFP species profiles from around the world
Introduction	p. 47
Latin America
Chicle (Manilkara zapota)	p. 49
Brazil nut (Bertholletia excelsa)	p. 61
Palm heart (Euterpe spp.)	p. 75
Pau d'arco (Tabebuia spp.)	p. 85
Cat's claw (Uncaria guianensis and U. tomentosa)	p. 93
Breu resin (Protium spp.)	p. 110
Titica vine (Heteropsis spp.)	p. 116
Amapa (Parahancornia spp. and Brosimum spp.)	p. 123
Copaiba (Copaifera spp.)	p. 126
Sangre de drago (Croton lechleri)	p. 136
Eastern North America
Fiddlehead ferns (Matteucia struthiopteris)	p. 156
Maple syrup (Acer saccharum)	p. 162
American ginseng (Panax quinquefolius)	p. 172
The Mediterranean region
Mastic gum (Pistacia lentiscus), cork oak (Quercus suber), argan (Argania spinosa), pine nut (Pinus pinea), pine resin (various spp.) and chestnut (Castanea sativa)	p. 183
Sub-Saharan Africa
Griffonia (Griffonia simplicifolia)	p. 200
Baobab bark (Adansonia digitata)	p. 208
Yohimbe (Pausinystalia johimbe)	p. 215
Africa and Asia
Rattan (various spp.)	p. 225
Amla (Phyllanthus emblica)	p. 240
Sumatra benzoin (Styrax spp.)	p. 246
Other initiatives
Sustainable harvesting of epiphytic bromeliads in the highlands of Chiapas, Mexico: a pilot study	p. 257
Reducing the ecological footprint of the 'wooden rhino': the case for certification of Kenyan woodcarvings	p. 259
The core elements of NTFP certification
Ecological issues	p. 267
Social issues	p. 283
Subsistence issues	p. 299
Space outside the market: implications of NTFP certification for subsistence use - a northern case study from the Upper Peninsula Region, US	p. 302
The interface of timber and non-timber resources: declining resources for subsistence livelihoods - a southern case study from Brazilian Amazonia	p. 313
Marketing issues	p. 322
Technical issues	p. 337
Conclusions and recommendations
Conclusions and recommendations	p. 353
Appendices
Generic guidelines for assessing the management of NTFPs	p. 366
Species-specific NTFP certification guidelines for the production of maple syrup	p. 386
Resource directory	p. 399
Acronyms and abbreviations	p. 403
References	p. 407
Index	p. 440
List of figures, tables and boxes
Figures
A value chain of amla fruits: from forest fruits to pickles	p. 245
National and export markets for benzoin	p. 254
NTFP exchange-value continuum	p. 303
Product types and livelihood uses of Michigan NTFPs	p. 307
1986-1995 average annual unemployment: Upper Peninsula (UP), Michigan (MI) and US rates	p. 308
1995 unemployment fluctuations: Upper Peninsula (UP), Michigan (MI) and US rates	p. 309
Number of species extracted by the timber industry in eastern Amazonia, Para, Brazil	p. 318
Fruit consumption in three Capin River communities, Para, Brazil	p. 318
Tables
Comparison of NTFP certification programmes	p. 15
Commercialized Euterpe species	p. 82
Non-commercialized Euterpe species	p. 83
Differences between U. tomentosa and U. guianensis	p. 96
Canadian and US production of maple syrup, 1997 and 1998	p. 169
Annual resin production in Southern Europe, 1982 and 1997	p. 194
Diagnostic bark characters of P. johimbe and P. macroceras	p. 220
The rattan genera: number of species and their distribution	p. 227
Available rattan floras by region to date	p. 228
Some traditional uses of rattans, excluding cane	p. 229
The major commercial species of rattan as identified for Asia by Dransfield and Manokaran (1994), and for Africa by Tuley (1995) and Sunderland (1999)	p. 230
The growth rates of some commercial rattans in cultivation	p. 235
Commercial-scale rattan trials and plantations	p. 237
Estimated fruit production of amla from a south Indian forest	p. 241
The many uses of Phyllanthus emblica	p. 243
Motivational factors in informal and formal economies	p. 304
Multiple uses of Michigan NTFPs	p. 306
Medicinal tree species extracted as timber, Para, Brazil	p. 316
Fifteen of the most useful tree species (> 10cm dbh) to caboclos of the Capim River, Brazil, in a 1ha forest plot (200m x 50m)	p. 317
Markets for selected NTFPs and examples of marketing limitations and opportunities afforded by certification
Boxes
A perspective on NTFP certification from the organic sector
Lessons learned from fairtrade
The Strofilia (Pinus pinea) forest in south-western Greece	p. 192
Irresponsible marketing of Amazonian Viagra	p. 269
Bows and arrows: tools for palm heart management?	p. 273
Marketing success: ecological and social failure	p. 279
Borneo camphor: decline of a historically important NTFP	p. 281
Ethical and legal obligations of commercializing traditional knowledge and resources	p. 287
Ayahuasca (Banisteriopsis spp. and admixtures): appropriation and globalization of a sacred NTFP	p. 297
An industry perspective: Shaman Botanicals' view on the certification of NTFPs	p. 332
Management planning requirements for certification of NTFPs	p. 339
Steps to establish production systems for NTFPs	p. 340
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