Theory of the Stability of Lyophobic Colloids

by Verwey, E. J. W.; Overbeek, J. Th. G.

• ISBN13: 9780486409290
• ISBN10: 0486409295
• Format: Paperback
• Copyright: 1999-07-07
• Publisher: Dover Publications

Summary

This chemistry classic offers an excellent, highly relevant account of the stability of lyophobic colloids and suspensions and develops a quantitative theory on the subject. Major topics consist of the theory of a single double layer (with considerations of the distribution of the electric charge and the free energy of a double layer system); the interaction of two parallel flat plates (including the potential energy via free energy and the force, and the Van Der Waals-London attractive forces); and the interaction of spherical colloidal particles. 1948 edition.

Table of Contents

Preface	v
Summary	vi
Part I Theory of a single double layer
Introduction	1	(21)
Lyophobic and lyophilic colloids	1	(3)
The electric double layer surrounding the particles	4	(1)
The stability of lyophobic colloids	5	(5)
Gelation and thixotropy	10	(3)
Suspensions	13	(5)
Emulsions	18	(1)
Van Der Waals---London attraction forces	19	(1)
The interaction of colloidal particles	20	(2)
Distribution of the electric charge and potential in the electrochemical double layer	22	(29)
Fundamentals	22	(3)
Theory of the flat double layer	25	(9)
The double layer at the interface of two liquid phases	34	(3)
The double layer around a spherical particle	37	(4)
Stern's theory for a flat double layer	41	(5)
The value of the surface potential and the significance of potential determining ions. The zetapotential	46	(5)
The free energy of a double layer system	51	(15)
Introduction	51	(1)
First method	52	(4)
Second method	56	(4)
On double layer interaction	60	(3)
Appendix. On the equivalence of the two methods	63	(3)
Part II On the interaction of two parallel flat plates
Charge and potential for the case of two flat double layers in interaction	66	(11)
Interaction of two simple double layers	66	(9)
Interaction of two double diffuse double layers	75	(2)
The potential energy due to the interaction of two flat double layers	77	(21)
Introduction	77	(1)
Potential energy via free energy	77	(13)
Potential energy via the force	90	(8)
The Van Der Waals---London attractive forces	98	(8)
The attraction between two atoms	98	(2)
The attraction between two flat plates	100	(4)
Relativity correction to the theory of London---Van Der Waals forces	104	(2)
Total potential energy (repulsion + attraction) for two plates, and application to colloid stability	106	(29)
Examples of potential energy curves	106	(9)
Graphical survey of the stability conditions	115	(8)
Correction of the theory in respect of thermal motion of the particles	123	(1)
The minimum in the potential curves for large distances between the plates	124	(2)
Theory of two flat double layers on the basis of Stern's picture of the double layer	126	(7)
Stability of emulsions	133	(2)
Part III On the interaction of spherical colloidal particles
Introduction	135	(2)
The potential energy of interaction for large particles with a relatively thin double layer	137	(6)
Introduction	137	(1)
The repulsion for large χ a	137	(3)
Application of the complete Gouy-Chapman equations	140	(3)
The potential energy of interaction. when χ a is small (liner approximation)	143	(17)
Principle of the method	143	(1)
The distribution of the electric field and the relation between charge and potential of two interacting spherical particles	144	(5)
Potential energy of interaction of two spherical double layers	149	(7)
Convergency and accuracy of the method used	156	(1)
Comparison of the equations for small and large values of χ a and evaluation of the repulsion for intermediate values of χ a	157	(3)
The attractive force and the total potential energy of interaction	160	(4)
Stability of colloids	164	(22)
Kinetics of coagulation	164	(5)
Application to the stability of colloids and related problems	169	(11)
Introduction of the Stern correction	180	(1)
Repeptization phenomena	181	(1)
The minimum in the potential curves for great distances	182	(4)
Appendix
Theoretical work on the stability of lyophobic colloids by previous authors	186	(15)
Introduction	186	(1)
Force methods	187	(1)
Energy methods	188	(7)
Langmuir's method	195	(6)
Index to authors	201	(2)
Index to subjects	203