Therapeutic Modalities For Musculoskeletal Injuries

by Denegar, Craig R., Ph.D.; Saliba, Ethan, Ph.D.; Saliba, Susan Foreman, Ph.D.

• ISBN13: 9780736055826
• ISBN10: 0736055827
• Edition: 2nd
• Format: Hardcover
• Copyright: 2005-11-22
• Publisher: Human Kinetics

Summary

>Therapeutic Modalities for Musculoskeletal Injuries, Second Edition,> is an introductory text to the theory and application of therapeutic modalities in the rehabilitation of athletic injuries. Like its predecessor, >Therapeutic Modalities for Athletic Injuries,> the text provides a clear perspective of the physics and physiological responses to the modalities discussed, and the new edition also prepares readers for the challenges arising in the ever-changing health care system.Part of Human Kinetics' Athletic Training Education Series, this text has been revised and updated to present current research related to therapeutic modalities. Additional insight from two experts also helps to expand the content of this second edition and encourage more diverse thinking among students. New chapters have been added on the use of therapeutic laser treatment and the basic concepts of evidence-based practice.>Therapeutic Modalities for Musculoskeletal Injuries, Second Edition,> goes beyond the how of modality application to ask why and when. Specific treatment for individual problems is not prescribed, but reference is made to specific guidelines, summary papers, and research papers. The text prepares students to search this type of literature and apply the information, so as clinicians they can seek evidence to find the optimal treatment strategy and support the clinical decisions they make.Human Kinetics' Athletic Training Education Series contains five textbooks, each with its own supporting instructional resources. Featuring the work of respected athletic training authorities, the series was created to parallel and expound on the content areas established by the National Athletic Trainers' Association (NATA) Educational Council. >Therapeutic Modalities for Musculoskeletal Injuries, Second Edition,> addresses the following NATA content areas: Therapeutic Modalities and Psychosocial Intervention and Referral.To learn more about the books in this series, visit the Athletic Training Education Series Web site atwww.HumanKinetics.com/AthleticTrainingEducationSeries.

Author Biography

Ethan Saliba has been teaching therapeutic modalities at the University of Virginia in Charlottesville for over 18 years. Susan Foreman Saliba is a senior associate athletic trainer and a clinical instructor at the University of Virginia in Charlottesville, where she has taught therapeutic modalities for over 12 years. Craig R. Denegar is associate professor of orthopedics and rehabilitation and kinesiology at Pennsylvania State University.

Table of Contents

Introduction to the Athletic Training Education Series	ix
Preface	xi
Acknowledgments	xiii
Credits	xv
The Contemporary Use of Therapeutic Modalities	1	(12)
Legal Aspects of Therapeutic Modality Application: Practice Acts and Negligent Treatment	3	(3)
The Rehabilitation Plan of Care	6	(5)
Learning Aids	11	(2)
Psychological Aspects of Rehabilitation	13	(14)
Psychological Response to Injury	15	(2)
Maximizing Compliance With a Rehabilitation Plan of Care	17	(3)
Barriers to Successful Rehabilitation	20	(3)
Clinical Outcomes and Efficacy of Therapeutic Modalities	23	(1)
A Word About Placebo	24	(1)
Learning Aids	24	(3)
Tissue Injury, Inflammation, and Repair	27	(16)
Healing Tissues and Inflammation: An Overview	28	(1)
Acute Phase of the Inflammatory Response	29	(6)
Repair Phase of the Inflammatory Response	35	(1)
Maturation Phase of the Inflammatory Response	35	(1)
Chronic Inflammation	36	(1)
Swelling	36	(3)
Learning Aids	39	(4)
Pain and Pain Relief	43	(26)
What Is Pain?	44	(1)
Pain and the Physical Exam	45	(1)
Pain Assessment	46	(3)
Transmission of the Pain Sensation	49	(10)
Pain Control Theories	59	(7)
Learning Aids	66	(3)
Persistent Pain and Chronic Pain	69	(14)
Sources of Persistent Pain	71	(8)
Sources of Chronic Pain	79	(1)
Learning Aids	80	(3)
Impact of Injury and Pain on Neuromuscular Control	83	(10)
Integration of Components of Neuromuscular Control Into a Rehabilitation Plan of Care	84	(2)
Why Is Neuromuscular Control Lost?	86	(4)
The Role of Therapeutic Modalities in Restoring Neuromuscular Control	90	(1)
Learning Aids	91	(2)
Evidence-Based Application of Therapeutic Modalities	93	(12)
The Need for Evidence-Based Practice	94	(1)
Tools Necessary for Assessing Outcomes	95	(4)
Finding and Assessing the Evidence	99	(3)
Learning Aids	102	(3)
Cold and Superficial Heat	105	(24)
Energy Transfer	106	(2)
Cryotherapy and Cryokinetics	108	(11)
Superficial Heat	119	(4)
Heat and Cold: Contrast Therapy	123	(1)
Heat, Cold, and Contrast Therapy: Deciding What to Apply	124	(1)
Learning Aids	125	(4)
Principles of Electrotherapy	129	(20)
Basics of Electricity	130	(2)
Types of Electrical Current: Alternating, Direct, and Pulsatile	132	(2)
Parameters of Electrical Stimulation	134	(8)
Electrode Considerations	142	(5)
Learning Aids	147	(2)
Clinical Uses of Electrical Stimulation	149	(28)
Pain Relief: Transcutaneous Electrical Nerve Stimulation	150	(12)
Muscle Reeducation: Neuromuscular Electrical Stimulators	162	(4)
Iontophoresis and Stimulation of Denervated Muscle: Direct Current Stimulator	166	(6)
Wound Healing: Microcurrent Electrical Nerve Stimulator	172	(1)
Learning Aids	173	(4)
Ultrasound, Diathermy, and Electromagnetic Fields	177	(20)
Application of Acoustic Energy: Ultrasound	178	(9)
Efficacy of Ultrasound Therapy for Musculoskeletal Conditions	187	(1)
Application of Electromagnetic Energy: Diathermy and Pulsed Electromagnetic Fields	188	(2)
Efficacy of Diathermy and PEMF Therapy for Musculoskeletal Conditions	190	(1)
Stimulation of Fracture Healing	191	(1)
Learning Aids	192	(5)
Low-Level Laser Therapy	197	(20)
Electromagnetic Energy	199	(1)
Laser Production	200	(2)
Properties of Laser Light	202	(1)
Laser Classification	203	(1)
Laser Parameter Selection	203	(3)
Comparing Low-Level Laser Therapy Treatments	206	(5)
Biological Effects of Laser	211	(2)
Safety Considerations	213	(1)
Contraindications and Precautions	213	(1)
Learning Aids	214	(3)
Mechanical Energy	217	(24)
Manual Therapies	219	(8)
Is Manual Therapy Effective?	227	(1)
Traction	228	(7)
Intermittent Compression	235	(1)
Traction and Intermittent Compression: Effective Therapies?	236	(1)
Learning Aids	237	(4)
Treatment Plans for Acute Musculoskeletal Injuries	241	(12)
Management in the Acute Stage: Rest, Ice, Compression, Elevation	245	(1)
Modalities Used in Addition to RICE	246	(1)
Repair Phase	247	(1)
Maturation	248	(3)
Learning Aids	251	(2)
Neuromuscular Control and Biofeedback	253	(12)
Volitional Control and Biofeedback	255	(2)
Clinical Applications: Restoring Control of Volitional Contraction	257	(1)
Clinical Applications: Functional Progression	258	(3)
Learning Relaxation	261	(2)
Learning Aids	263	(2)
Clinical Management of Persistent Pain	265	(14)
Treating Persistent Pain	268	(2)
Diagnosis and Plan of Care Problems	270	(6)
Treating Chronic Pain	276	(1)
Learning Aids	277	(2)
Glossary	279	(6)
Index	285	(10)
About the Authors	295