What is included with this book?
Exercises | p. xi |
Preface | p. xiii |
Tire Characteristics and Vehicle Handling and Stability | |
Introduction | p. 2 |
Tire and Axle Characteristics | p. 3 |
Introduction to Tire Characteristics | p. 3 |
Effective Axle Cornering Characteristics | p. 7 |
Vehicle Handling and Stability | p. 16 |
Differential Equations for Plane Vehicle Motions | p. 17 |
Linear Analysis of the Two-Degree-of-Freedom Model | p. 22 |
Nonlinear Steady-State Cornering Solutions | p. 35 |
The Vehicle at Braking or Driving | p. 49 |
The Moment Method | p. 51 |
The Car-Trailer Combination | p. 53 |
Vehicle Dynamics at More Complex Tire Slip Conditions | p. 57 |
Basic Tire Modeling Considerations | |
Introduction | p. 59 |
Definition of Tire Input Quantities | p. 61 |
Assessment of Tire Input Motion Components | p. 68 |
Fundamental Differential Equations for a Rolling and Slipping Body | p. 72 |
Tire Models (Introductory Discussion) | p. 81 |
Theory of Steady-State Slip Force and Moment Generation | |
Introduction | p. 87 |
Tire Brush Model | p. 90 |
Pure Side Slip | p. 92 |
Pure Longitudinal Slip | p. 97 |
Interaction between Lateral and Longitudinal Slip (Combined Slip) | p. 100 |
Camber and Turning (Spin) | p. 112 |
The Tread Simulation Model | p. 128 |
Application: Vehicle Stability at Braking up to Wheel Lock | p. 140 |
Semi-Empirical Tire Models | |
Introduction | p. 150 |
The Similarity Method | p. 150 |
Pure Slip Conditions | p. 152 |
Combined Slip Conditions | p. 158 |
Combined Slip Conditions with Fx as Input Variable | p. 163 |
The Magic Formula Tire Model | p. 165 |
Model Description | p. 165 |
Full Set of Equations | p. 176 |
Extension of the Model for Turn Slip | p. 183 |
Ply-Steer and Conicity | p. 191 |
The Overturning Couple | p. 196 |
Comparison with Experimental Data for a Car, a Truck, and a Motorcycle Tire | p. 202 |
Non-Steady-State Out-of-Plane String-Based Tire Models | |
Introduction | p. 212 |
Review of Earlier Research | p. 212 |
The Stretched String Model | p. 215 |
Model Development | p. 216 |
Step and Steady-State Response of the String Model | p. 225 |
Frequency Response Functions of the String Model | p. 232 |
Approximations and Other Models | p. 240 |
Approximate Models | p. 241 |
Other Models | p. 256 |
Enhanced String Model with Tread Elements | p. 258 |
Tire Inertia Effects | p. 268 |
First Approximation of Dynamic Influence (Gyroscopic Couple) | p. 269 |
Second Approximation of Dynamic Influence (First Harmonic) | p. 271 |
Side Force Response to Time-Varying Load | p. 277 |
String Model with Tread Elements Subjected to Load Variations | p. 277 |
Adapted Bare String Model | p. 281 |
The Force and Moment Response | p. 284 |
Theory of the Wheel Shimmy Phenomenon Introduction | p. 287 |
Introduction | p. 287 |
The Simple Trailing Wheel System with Yaw Degree of Freedom | p. 288 |
Systems with Yaw and Lateral Degrees of Freedom | p. 295 |
Yaw and Lateral Degrees of Freedom with Rigid Wheel/Tire (Third Order) | p. 296 |
The Fifth-Order System | p. 297 |
Shimmy and Energy Flow | p. 311 |
Unstable Modes and the Energy Circle | p. 311 |
Transformation of Forward Motion Energy into Shimmy Energy | p. 317 |
Nonlinear Shimmy Oscillations | p. 320 |
Single-Contact-Point Transient Tire Models | |
Introduction | p. 329 |
Model Development | p. 330 |
Linear Model | p. 330 |
Semi-Non-Linear Model | p. 335 |
Fully Nonlinear Model | p. 336 |
Nonlagging Part | p. 345 |
The Gyroscopic Couple | p. 348 |
Enhanced Nonlinear Transient Tire Model | p. 349 |
Applications of Transient Tire Models | |
Vehicle Response to Steer Angle Variations | p. 356 |
Cornering on Undulated Roads | p. 356 |
Longitudinal Force Response to Tire Nonuniformity, Axle Motions, and Road Unevenness | p. 366 |
Effective Rolling Radius Variations at Free Rolling | p. 367 |
Computation of the Horizontal Longitudinal Force Response | p. 371 |
Frequency Response to Vertical Axle Motions | p. 374 |
Frequency Response to Radial Run-out | p. 376 |
Forced Steering Vibrations | p. 379 |
Dynamics of the Unloaded System Excited by Wheel Unbalance | p. 380 |
Dynamics of the Loaded System with Tire Properties Included | p. 382 |
ABS Braking on Undulated Road | p. 385 |
In-Plane Model of Suspension and Wheel/Tire Assembly | p. 386 |
Antilock Braking Algorithm and Simulation | p. 390 |
Starting from Standstill | p. 394 |
Short Wavelength Intermediate Frequency Tire Model | |
Introduction | p. 404 |
The Contact Patch Slip Model | p. 406 |
Brush Model Non-Steady-State Behavior | p. 406 |
The Model Adapted to the Use of the Magic Formula | p. 426 |
Parking Maneuvers | p. 436 |
Tire Dynamics | p. 444 |
Dynamic Equations | p. 444 |
Constitutive Relations | p. 453 |
Dynamic Tire Model Performance | p. 462 |
Dedicated Dynamic Test Facilities | p. 463 |
Dynamic Tire Simulation and Experimental Results | p. 466 |
Dynamic Tire Response to Short Road Unevennesses | |
Model Development | p. 475 |
Tire Envelopment Properties | p. 476 |
The Effective Road Plane Using Basic Functions | p. 478 |
The Effective Road Plane Using the 'Cam' Road Feeler Concept | p. 485 |
The Effective Rolling Radius When Rolling Over a Cleat | p. 487 |
The Location of the Effective Road Plane | p. 493 |
SWIFT on Road Unevennesses (Simulation and Experiment) | p. 497 |
Two-Dimensional Unevennesses | p. 497 |
Three-Dimensional Unevennesses | p. 504 |
Motorcycle Dynamics | |
Introduction | p. 506 |
Model Description | p. 508 |
Geometry and Inertia | p. 509 |
The Steer, Camber, and Slip Angles | p. 511 |
Air Drag, Driving or Braking, and Fore-and-Aft Load Transfer | p. 514 |
Tire Force and Moment Response | p. 515 |
Linear Equations of Motion | p. 520 |
The Kinetic Energy | p. 521 |
The Potential Energy and the Dissipation Function | p. 523 |
The Virtual Work | p. 524 |
Complete Set of Linear Differential Equations | p. 525 |
Stability Analysis and Step Responses | p. 529 |
Free Uncontrolled Motion | p. 529 |
Step Responses of Controlled Motion | p. 536 |
Analysis of Steady-State Cornering | p. 539 |
Linear Steady-State Theory | p. 540 |
Non-Linear Analysis of Steady-State Cornering | p. 555 |
Modes of Vibration at Large Lateral Accelerations | p. 563 |
The Magic Formula Tire Model | p. 565 |
Tire Steady-State and Dynamic Test Facilities | p. 567 |
Outlines of Three Advanced Dynamic Tire Models | |
Introduction | p. 577 |
The RMOD-K Tire Model (Christian Oertel) | p. 578 |
The Nonlinear FEM Model | p. 578 |
The Flexible Belt Model | p. 579 |
Comparison of Various RMOD-K Models | p. 581 |
The FTire Tire Model (Michael Gipser) | p. 582 |
Introduction | p. 582 |
Structure Model | p. 583 |
Tread Model | p. 584 |
Model Data and Parametrization | p. 586 |
The MF-Swift Tire Model (Igo Besselink) | p. 586 |
Introduction | p. 586 |
Model Overview | p. 587 |
MF-Tire/MF-Swift | p. 588 |
Parameter Identification | p. 589 |
Test and Model Comparison | p. 589 |
References | p. 593 |
List of Symbols | p. 603 |
Sign Conventions for Force and Moment and Wheel Slip | p. 609 |
Online Information | p. 611 |
MF-Tire/MF-Swift Parameters and Estimation Methods | p. 613 |
Index | p. 627 |
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