Tourism: Principles, Practices, Philosophies

by Goeldner, Charles R.; Ritchie, Brent J. R.; McIntosh, Robert W.; Ritchie, J. R. Brent

• ISBN13: 9780471322108
• ISBN10: 0471322105
• Edition: 8th
• Format: Hardcover
• Copyright: 1999-08-01
• Publisher: John Wiley & Sons Inc

Summary

Tourism/Hospitality Management The #1 introduction to tourism principles and practices, updated and expanded for today's growing industry Now in its eighth edition, Tourism provides a comprehensive introduction to the world's most rapidly growing industry. Tens of thousands of hospitality and tourism students worldwide have used previous editions of this classic text to launch their professional careers. Written by three internationally recognized experts, the book looks at the travel and tourism industry from a global perspective, offering insights into the economic, political, and social forces that drive and shape tourism. Important changes in the Eighth Edition of Tourism include an increased emphasis on the economic impact of tourism around the world, a new chapter devoted to the important topic of formulating tourism policy, and greater coverage of environmental issues. New student-focused pedagogy has also been added, such as many new readings, Internet excerises, and a directory of Internet sites in each chapter. In six parts, Tourism looks at how different components of the industry work together to create a unified, successful travel experience: * Overview and career opportunities * Tourism businesses and services * Understanding travel behavior * Tourism supply and demand; planning and development * Tourism marketing and research * Tourism prospects

Table of Contents

Dedication	v
Preface	vii
PART ONE TOURISM OVERVIEW	3	(96)
Tourism in Perspective	5	(38)
Introduction	6	(1)
The Study of Tourism	6	(1)
Economic Importance	7	(6)
What is Tourism?	13	(8)
Basic Approaches to the Study of Tourism	21	(4)
Components of Tourism and Tourism Management	25	(7)
Benefits and Costs of Tourism	32	(2)
The Age of Travel	34	(1)
Summary	35	(2)
What World Leaders Have to Say	35	(2)
Key Concepts	37	(1)
Internet Sites	37	(1)
Internet Exercise	38	(1)
Questions for Review and Discussion	38	(1)
Case Problems	38	(1)
Selected References	39	(4)
Tourism Through the Ages	43	(32)
Introduction	44	(1)
Early Beginnings	44	(11)
Early (and Later) Tourist Attractions	55	(2)
Early Economic References	57	(1)
The First Travel Agents	57	(1)
Historic Transportation	57	(4)
Accommodation	61	(1)
Chronologies of Travel	61	(4)
Summary	65	(6)
Newport, Rhode Island---America's First Resort	66	(5)
Key Concepts	71	(1)
Internet Sites	72	(1)
Internet Exercises	72	(1)
Questions for Review and Discussion	72	(1)
Selected References	73	(2)
Career Opportunities	75	(24)
Introduction	76	(1)
Job Forecasts	76	(1)
Job Requirements	77	(1)
Career Possibilities	78	(6)
Career Paths in Tourism	84	(4)
Internships	88	(2)
Summary	90	(5)
From Humble Beginnings to Major Success	91	(1)
Launching Your Career: Experience Reflects Desire	92	(3)
Key Concepts	95	(1)
Internet Sites	95	(1)
Internet Exercises	96	(1)
Questions for Review and Discussion	96	(1)
Case Problems	96	(1)
Selected References	96	(3)
PART TWO HOW TOURISM IS ORGANIZED	99	(152)
World, National, Regional, and Other Organizations	101	(34)
Introduction	102	(1)
International Organizations	102	(5)
Developmental Organizations (International and National)	107	(1)
Regional International Organizations	107	(2)
National Organizations	109	(7)
Regional Organizations	116	(1)
State and City Organizations	116	(4)
Summary	120	(10)
United States Tourism Industries	121	(2)
Canadian Tourism Commission	123	(3)
Australia Office of National Tourism	126	(3)
Pacific Asia Travel Association	129	(1)
Key Concepts	130	(1)
Internet Sites	130	(1)
Internet Exercises	131	(1)
Questions for Review and Discussion	131	(1)
Case Problems	132	(1)
Selected References	132	(3)
Passenger Transportation	135	(30)
Introduction	136	(2)
The Airline Industry	138	(5)
The Rail Industry	143	(3)
The Motorcoach Industry	146	(3)
The Automobile	149	(5)
The Cruise Industry	154	(4)
Summary	158	(2)
Australia's Olympic Park Station and Rail Link	159	(1)
Key Concepts	160	(1)
Internet Sites	160	(1)
Internet Exercises	161	(1)
Questions for Review and Discussion	161	(1)
Case Problems	162	(1)
Selected References	162	(3)
Hospitality and Related Services	165	(26)
Introduction	166	(1)
The Lodging Industry	166	(11)
The Food Service Industry	177	(5)
Meeting Planners	182	(1)
Meetings and Conventions	182	(1)
Summary	183	(1)
Key Concepts	184	(1)
Internet Sites	184	(1)
Internet Exercises	185	(1)
Questions for Review and Discussion	185	(1)
Case Problems	186	(1)
Selected References	186	(5)
Organizations in the Distribution Process	191	(24)
Introduction	192	(1)
Travel Agents	192	(8)
Internet	200	(2)
Consolidators	202	(1)
The Tour Wholesaler	202	(3)
Specialty Channelers	205	(2)
Choosing Channels	207	(1)
Summary	207	(3)
Why Use an ASTA Travel Agent?	208	(2)
Key Concepts	210	(1)
Internet Sites	210	(1)
Internet Exercises	211	(1)
Questions for Review and Discussion	211	(1)
Case Problems	212	(1)
Selected References	212	(3)
Attractions, Recreation, Entertainment,and Other	215	(36)
Introduction	216	(1)
Attractions	216	(6)
Gaming	222	(3)
Recreation	225	(8)
Entertainment	233	(1)
Festivals and Events	234	(3)
Shopping	237	(1)
Education	238	(2)
Publishing	240	(1)
Marketing and Publicity Organizations	240	(1)
Miscellaneous Services	241	(1)
Summary	241	(4)
History of Amusement Parks	242	(3)
Key Concepts	245	(1)
Internet Sites	245	(1)
Internet Exercises	246	(1)
Questions for Review and Discussion	247	(1)
Case Problem	247	(1)
Selected References	247	(4)
PART THREE UNDERSTANDING TRAVEL BEHAVIOR	251	(110)
Pleasure Travel Motivation	253	(24)
Introduction	254	(1)
A Focus on Consumers	254	(7)
The Need for a Theory	261	(3)
Summary	264	(9)
Climbing Ayers Rock	265	(8)
Key Concepts	273	(1)
Internet Exercise	274	(1)
Questions for Review and Discussion	274	(1)
Case Problems	275	(1)
Selected References	275	(2)
Cultural and International Tourism for Life's Enrichment	277	(42)
Introduction	278	(1)
Importance	278	(3)
The Romance of Pleasure Travel	281	(1)
Developmental and Promotional Measures	282	(3)
Anthropography (Georgraphy of Humankind)	285	(1)
Types of Destinations---Travel Experiences	285	(4)
Other Tourist Appeals	289	(9)
Tourism and Peace	298	(4)
Summary	302	(12)
Community Interpretation: The Key to Appropriate Tourism	303	(4)
Cultural Tourism: No Joke	307	(1)
Mashantucket Pequot Museum & Research Center	308	(1)
Tourism: The World's Peace Industry?	309	(5)
Key Concepts	314	(1)
Internet Sites	314	(1)
Internet Exercise	314	(1)
Questions for Review and Discussion	315	(1)
Case Problems	315	(1)
Selected References	315	(4)
Sociology of Tourism	319	(42)
Introduction	320	(1)
Effects on the Individual	320	(1)
Effects on the Family	320	(1)
Effects on Society	321	(3)
Life Characteristics and Travel	324	(6)
Emergence of Group Travel Patterns	330	(2)
Social (Subsidized) Tourism	332	(2)
Summary of the Principal Social Effects of Tourism	334	(1)
The International Tourist	335	(3)
Barriers to Travel	338	(1)
Summary	339	(17)
Toward A Sociology of International Tourism	340	(8)
Making Tourists Feel Safe: Whose Responsibility Is It?	348	(8)
Key Concepts	356	(1)
Internet Exercises	356	(1)
Questions for Review and Discussion	357	(1)
Case Problems	357	(1)
Selected References	358	(3)
PART FOUR TOURISM SUPPLY, DEMAND, POLICY, PLANNING, AND DEVELOPMENT	361	(226)
Tourism Components and Supply	363	(32)
Introduction	364	(1)
Supply Components	365	(1)
Natural Resources	366	(1)
Infrastructure and Superstructure	367	(9)
Transportation	376	(3)
Hospitality and Cultural Resources	379	(5)
Matching Supply with Demand	384	(7)
Summary	391	(1)
Key Concepts	391	(1)
Internet Sites	391	(1)
Internet Exercises	392	(1)
Questions for Review and Discussion	392	(1)
Case Problems	393	(1)
Selected References	393	(2)
Measuring and Forecasting Demand	395	(16)
Introduction	396	(1)
Why Demand Is Important	396	(1)
Demand to a Destination	396	(3)
Measuring Demand	399	(2)
Projection Methodology	401	(5)
Summary	406	(1)
Key Concepts	407	(1)
Internet Sites	407	(1)
Internet Exercises	407	(1)
Questions for Review and Discussion	408	(1)
Case Problems	408	(1)
Selected References	408	(3)
Tourism's Economic Impact	411	(32)
Introduction	412	(1)
Number of Visitors and Receipts	412	(2)
Employment	414	(1)
Tourism Satellite Acounts	415	(1)
Optimization	416	(10)
Economic Multipliers	426	(8)
Summary	434	(4)
Measuring Travel and Tourism's Impact on the Economy	436	(2)
Key Concepts	438	(1)
Internet Sites	439	(1)
Internet Exercises	439	(1)
Questions for Review and Disussion	439	(1)
Case Problems	440	(1)
Selected References	440	(3)
Tourism Policy: Structure, Content, and Process	443	(70)
Introduction	444	(1)
Tourism Policy: A Definition	445	(2)
The Focus of Tourism Policy: The Competitive/Sustainable Destination	447	(6)
Tourism Policy: Structure, Content, and Process	453	(4)
Tourism Destination Development Strategies	457	(12)
The Process of Tourism Policy Formulation	469	(7)
Summary	476	(32)
California Tourism Policy Act	477	(16)
A Model For The Evaluation of National Tourism Destination Marketing Programs	493	(15)
Key Concepts	508	(1)
Internet Sites	508	(1)
Internet Exercises	509	(1)
Questions for Review and Discussion	509	(1)
Selected References	510	(3)
Tourism Planning, Development, and Social Considerations	513	(30)
Introduction	514	(1)
Relating Tourism Planning to Tourism Policy	514	(1)
Why Tourism Planning is Necessary	515	(2)
The Planning Process	517	(3)
Goals of Tourism Development	520	(5)
Political Aspects of Tourism Development	525	(1)
Development of Tourist Potential	526	(6)
Summary	532	(6)
Special Places in Special Places	533	(5)
Key Concepts	538	(1)
Internet Exercises	538	(1)
Questions for Review and Discussion	539	(1)
Case Problems	539	(1)
Selected References	539	(4)
Tourism and the Environment	543	(44)
Introduction	544	(1)
Does Tourism Threaten the Environment?---The WTTC Position	544	(4)
Sustainable Development	548	(7)
Ecotourism: Common Terms Used	555	(8)
Current Tourism Industry Practices	563	(11)
A Closing Note	574	(1)
Summary	575	(5)
Ecotourism: Nature's Ally	576	(1)
The World Travel and Tourism Council Environmental Guidelines	577	(1)
Hyatt ``Green Team'' Leads with Environmental Vision	578	(2)
Key Concepts	580	(1)
Internet Sites	580	(1)
Internet Exercises	580	(1)
Questions for Review and Discussion	581	(1)
Case Problems	581	(1)
Selected References	582	(5)
PART FIVE ESSENTIALS OF TOURISM RESEARCH AND MARKETING	587	(88)
Travel and Tourism Research	589	(30)
Introduction	590	(1)
Illustrative Uses of Travel Research	590	(1)
The State of the Art	591	(1)
The Travel Research Process	591	(3)
Sources of Information	594	(3)
Basic Research Methods	597	(5)
Who Does Travel Research?	602	(3)
The U.S. Travel Data Center and the Travel and Tourism Research Association	605	(2)
Summary	607	(7)
The American Tourism Market Evolution to 2010	608	(2)
Using Tourism Research	610	(4)
Key Concepts	614	(1)
Internet Sites	614	(1)
Internet Exercise	615	(1)
Questions for Review and Discussion	615	(1)
Selected References	615	(4)
Tourism Marketing	619	(56)
Introduction	620	(1)
Marketing Concept	620	(1)
The Marketing Mix	621	(14)
Market Segmentation	635	(12)
Marketing Planning: The Tourism Marketing Plan	647	(1)
Joint Marketing Efforts	648	(1)
Summary	648	(20)
The Branding of Tourism Destinations	649	(8)
Summary Overview of The California Marketing Plan (FY 1998/99)	657	(11)
Key Concepts	668	(1)
Internet Sites	668	(1)
Internet Exercises	669	(1)
Questions for Review and Discussion	670	(1)
Case Problem	670	(1)
Selected References	671	(4)
PART SIX TOURISM PROSPECTS	675	(32)
Tourism's Future	677	(30)
Introduction	678	(1)
Tourism in the Third Millennium	678	(1)
The World Tourism of 2020	679	(1)
The Nature of Future Growth	680	(1)
Leisure, Tourism, and Society in the Third Millennium	681	(1)
The Future Shape of Tourism	682	(16)
Summary	698	(4)
The New Tourism and Leisure Environment	699	(3)
Key Concepts	702	(1)
Internet Sites	702	(1)
Internet Exercises	702	(1)
Questions for Review and Discussion	703	(1)
Selected References	704	(3)
Appendix A Key Travel Industry Contacts	707	(8)
Appendix B. Some Suggested Information Sources	715	(6)
Glossary	721	(8)
Index	729