Transgender and HIV: Risks, Prevention, and Care

by Coleman; Edmond J

• ISBN13: 9780789012685
• ISBN10: 0789012685
• Edition: 1st
• Format: Nonspecific Binding
• Copyright: 2001-06-15
• Publisher: Routledge

Summary

Deliver effective services to this growing population! This volume presents the first collection of reports on the impact of HIV/AIDS on the transgender community worldwide. It includes a thorough description of the unique HIV risks of transgender people and exposes their largely neglected health and social service needs. This unique book also reports on the first generation of prevention interventions targeting this community, discusses guidelines for providing sex reassignment services to HIV-positive transsexuals, and encourages collaboration between communities at risk, researchers, and people in the helping professions. The social stigma faced by this population adds to their risk of HIV infection. Low self-esteem, rejection, neglect, employment discrimination, disenfranchisement, and a desire for acceptance and validation are all contributing factors. Yet, as the editors point out, "On the positive side, the transgender community has been able to mobilize and empower itself, and has found a voice that no longer can be ignored. We call on transgender and nontransgender people alike to work together to advance HIV prevention and promote our sexual health." In Transgender and HIV you'll encounter: extensive discussions of the health, social service, and HIV prevention needs of the transgender community tips on how to work with marginalized communities in an empowering way explorations of the sexuality of both male-to-female and female-to-male transsexuals first-ever findings on sex reassignment surgery on HIV-positive individuals guidelines for surgery on HIV-positive transsexuals Transgender and HIV provides much-needed and often-requested information on HIV prevalence, risks, prevention, and care for this increasingly visible community.

Table of Contents

About the Editors	xi
Contributors	xiii
Foreword	xvii
Eli Coleman
Preface	xix
Sex, Drugs, and the Culture of Travestismo in Rio de Janeiro	1	(12)
James A. Inciardi
Hilary L. Surratt
Paulo R. Telles
Binh H. Pok
Methods	3	(2)
Findings	5	(6)
Discussion	11	(2)
Transgenders, HIV/AIDS, and Substance Abuse: From Risk Group to Group Prevention	13	(26)
Nina Kammerer
Theresa Mason
Margaret Connors
Rebecca Durkee
Transgenders: Understandings and Misunderstandings	15	(4)
HIV/AIDS and Substance Abuse Risks	19	(2)
Conceptualizing Risk	21	(4)
Beyond Individual and Psychological Risk: Historical and Contemporary Risk Structures	25	(5)
Toward Group Prevention	30	(9)
Transgender Health and Social Service Needs in the Context of HIV Risk	39	(20)
Nina Kammerer
Theresa Mason
Margaret Connors
Rebecca Durkee
Introduction	39	(2)
Research Methods	41	(1)
Health and Social Services Needs	42	(5)
Problems in Obtaining Appropriate Services	47	(4)
Implications and Recommendations for HIV Prevention	51	(8)
HIV Risk Behaviors of Male-to-Female Transgenders in a Community-Based Harm Reduction Program	59	(10)
Cathy J. Reback
Emilia L. Lombardi
Overview of the Community-Based Program	59	(2)
Method	61	(5)
Conclusion and Discussion	66	(3)
HIV Prevention and Health Service Needs of the Transgender Community in San Francisco	69	(22)
Kristen Clements-Nolle
Willy Wilkinson
Kerrily Kitano
Rani Marx
Background	69	(1)
Methods	70	(2)
Results	72	(15)
Discussion of Findings	87	(1)
Limitations and Conclusions	88	(3)
HIV/AIDS and Female-to-Male Transsexuals and Transvestites: Results from a Needs Assessment in Quebec	91	(10)
Viviane K. Namaste
Introduction	91	(1)
Background of the Project	92	(1)
Methods	93	(2)
Results	95	(2)
Conclusion	97	(4)
Education and Soul-Searching: The Enterprise HIV Prevention Group	101	(18)
Douglas Hein
Michael Kirk
Introduction	101	(1)
A Brief History of Enterprise	102	(1)
Paradigm Shifts in HIV Prevention	103	(1)
The Enterprise Prevention Workshops	104	(7)
Key Issues for Workshop Participants	111	(3)
Conclusion	114	(5)
Transgender HIV Prevention: Community Involvement and Empowerment	119	(26)
Walter O. Bockting
B. R. Simon Rosser
Eli Coleman
Introduction	119	(5)
Planning	124	(1)
Needs Assessment	125	(1)
Recruitment	126	(1)
Intervention	127	(7)
Evaluation	134	(2)
Celebration	136	(1)
Replication	136	(1)
Discussion	137	(2)
Recommendations for Future Collaboration	139	(1)
Conclusion	140	(5)
Sex, Truth, and Videotape: HIV Prevention at the Gender Identity Project in New York City	145	(8)
Barbara E. Warren
Introduction	145	(2)
Program Participants	147	(1)
Peer-Driven Assessment of Needs	148	(1)
Prevention Strategies	148	(2)
Training, Advocacy, and Empowerment	150	(3)
Sex Reassignment Surgery in HIV-Positive Transsexuals	153	(8)
A. Neal Wilson
Introduction	153	(1)
Review of Literature	154	(1)
Findings	155	(4)
Conclusion	159	(2)
Guidelines for Selecting HIV-Positive Patients for Genital Reconstructive Surgery	161	(8)
Sheila Kirk
Introduction	161	(2)
Guidelines	163	(2)
My Personal Experience	165	(2)
Conclusion	167	(2)
Index	169