The Turkish Language Reform A Catastrophic Success

by Lewis, Geoffrey

• ISBN13: 9780198238560
• ISBN10: 0198238568
• Format: Hardcover
• Copyright: 2000-03-16
• Publisher: Oxford University Press

Summary

This is the first full acount of the transformation of Ottoman Turkish into modern Turkish. It is based on the authors knowledg, experience and continuing study of the language, history, and people of Turkey. That transformation of the Turkish language is probably the most thorough-going piece of linguistics engineering in history. Its prelude came in 1928, when the Arabo-Persian alphabet was outlawed and replaced by the Latin alphabet. It began in earnest in 1930 when Ataturk declared: Turkish is one of the richest of languages. It needs only to be used with discrimination. The Turkish nation, which is well able to protect its territory and its sublime indedependence, must also liberate its language from the yoke of foreign languages. All Arabic and Persian voabulary wwas replaced forthwith by words collected from popular speech, or resurrected from ancient texts, or coined from native roots and suffixes. The snag - indenitified by the author as one element in the catastrophic aspect of the reform - was that when these sources failed to provide the needed words, the reformers simply invented them. The reform was central to the young republic's aspiration to be western and secular, but it did not please those who remained wedded to their mother tongue or to the Islamic past. The controversy is by no means over, but Ottoman Turkish is dead. Geoffrey Lewis both acquain the general reader with the often bizarre, sometimes tragi-comic but never dull story of the reform, and provides a stimulating and incisive account for students of Turkish and the relations between culture, politics and language with some stimulating reading. The author draws on his own wide experience of Turkey and his personal knowledge of many of the leading actors. He has left no word, phrase, or sentence of Turkish has been left untranslated, apart from the names of books and articles. This book is important for the light it throws on twentieth-century Turkish politics and society, as much as it is for the study of linguistic change. It is not only scholarly and accessible; it is also a thoroughly good read.

Table of Contents

Abbreviations	viii
Note on the Text	ix
Introduction	1	(4)
Ottoman Turkish	5	(22)
The New Alphabet	27	(13)
Ataturk and the Language Reform until 1936	40	(17)
The Sun-Language Theory and After	57	(18)
Atay, Atac, Sayili	75	(19)
Ingredients	94	(13)
Concoctions	107	(17)
Technical Terms	124	(9)
The New Yoke	133	(7)
The New Turkish	140	(13)
What Happened to the Language Society	153	(16)
References	169	(8)
General Index	177	(6)
Index of Words, Phrases, and Suffixes	183