Twentieth-Century World History

by Duiker, William J.

• ISBN13: 9780495095927
• ISBN10: 0495095923
• Edition: 4th
• Format: Paperback
• Copyright: 2006-12-06
• Publisher: Wadsworth Publishing

Summary

Duiker's comprehensive, balanced history of the world in the twentieth century provides you with context for interpreting the events that you hear about in the news each day. You'll view history from the broader global perspective, while at the same time gaining insight into the distinctive character of individual civilizations and regions. And to ensure that you'll have a well-rounded understanding of the most decisive moments in recent times, Duiker integrates political, economic, social, and cultural history into a smoothly written narrative. What's more, the text includes a special insert that guides you in using the text's many detailed maps, which help you make important connections between geography and the turn of historic events; timelines that highlight and contrast different cultures and nations, thus giving you an "at-a-glance," holistic perspective on eras and their defining events; photos from William Duiker's own collection that giving you a closer, more personal look at the world we live in; and primary-source documents that illustrate and clarify key points.

Table of Contents

Documents	x
Maps	xi
Preface	xii
PART I NEW WORLD IN THE MAKING	1	(64)
The Rise of Industrial Society in the West	3	(22)
The Industrial Revolution in Great Britain	3	(1)
The Spread of the Industrial Revolution	4	(4)
New Products and New Patterns	6	(2)
Toward a World Economy	8	(1)
The Structure of Mass Society	8	(4)
Social Structures	9	(1)
Changing Roles for Women	10	(2)
Reaction and Revolution: The Decline of the Old Order	12	(3)
Liberalism and Nationalism	12	(1)
The Unification of Germany and Italy	13	(1)
Roots of Revolution in Russia	13	(2)
The Ottoman Empire and Nationalism in the Balkans	15	(1)
Liberalism Triumphant	15	(3)
The United States and Canada	16	(1)
Tradition and Change in Latin America	17	(1)
The Rise of the Socialist Movement	18	(2)
The Rise of Marxism	18	(1)
Capitalism in Transition	19	(1)
Toward the Modern Consciousness: Intellectual and Cultural Developments	20	(5)
Developments in the Sciences: The Emergence of a New Physics	20	(1)
Charles Darwin and the Theory of Evolution	21	(1)
Sigmund Freud and the Emergence of Psychoanalysis	21	(1)
Literature and the Arts: The Culture of Modernity	22	(1)
Conclusion	23	(1)
Chapter Notes	24	(1)
The High Tide of Imperialism: Africa and Asia in an Era of Western Dominance	25	(19)
The Spread of Colonial Rule	25	(2)
The Myth of European Superiority	25	(1)
The Advent of Western Imperialism	26	(1)
The Colonial System	27	(1)
The Philosophy of Colonialism	27	(1)
India Under the British Raj	28	(3)
The Nature of British Rule	30	(1)
The Colonial Takeover of Southeast Asia	31	(5)
The Imposition of Colonial Rule	32	(1)
Colonial Regimes in Southeast Asia	33	(3)
Empire Building in Africa	36	(8)
Africa Before the Europeans	36	(1)
The Growing European Presence in West Africa	36	(1)
Imperialist Shadow over the Nile	37	(1)
The Scramble for Africa	37	(2)
Bantus, Boers, and British in South Africa	39	(1)
Colonialism in Africa	40	(2)
Conclusion	42	(1)
Chapter Notes	43	(1)
Shadows Over the Pacific: East Asia Under Challenge	44	(21)
China at Its Apex	44	(3)
Changeless China?	44	(3)
Traditional China in Decline	47	(6)
Opium and Rebellion	47	(1)
The Taiping Rebellion	48	(1)
Efforts at Reform	48	(1)
The Climax of Imperialism in China	49	(1)
The Collapse of the Old Order	50	(3)
Chinese Society in Transition	53	(2)
The Impact of Western Imperialism	53	(1)
Daily Life	54	(1)
The Status of Women	54	(1)
Traditional Japan and the End of Isolation	55	(1)
A ``Closed Country''	55	(1)
The Opening of Japan	55	(1)
Rich Country, Strong Army	56	(9)
The Transformation of Japanese Politics	56	(1)
Meiji Economics	57	(1)
Building a Modern Social Structure	58	(1)
Joining the Imperialist Club	58	(2)
Conclusion	60	(1)
Chapter Notes	61	(1)
Reflection Part I	62	(3)
PART II CULTURES IN COLLISION	65	(74)
War and Revolution: World War I and Its Aftermath	66	(23)
International Rivalry and the Coming of War	66	(2)
Crises in the Balkans, 1908--1913	67	(1)
The Road to World War I	67	(1)
The War	68	(6)
Illusions and Stalemate, 1914--1915	68	(3)
The Great Slaughter, 1916--1917	71	(1)
The Widening of the War	71	(2)
The Home Front: The Impact of Total War	73	(1)
War and Revolution	74	(6)
The March Revolution in Russia	75	(1)
The Bolshevik Revolution	75	(2)
The Civil War	77	(1)
The Last Year of the War	78	(1)
The Versailles Peace Conference	78	(2)
The Failure of the Peace	80	(5)
The Search for Security	80	(1)
No Return to Normalcy	81	(1)
The Great Depression	82	(2)
Socialism in One Country	84	(1)
The Advance to Socialism	85	(1)
The Search for a New Reality in the Arts	85	(1)
New Schools of Artistic Expression	85	(4)
Culture for the Masses	87	(1)
Conclusion	87	(1)
Chapter Notes	88	(1)
Nationalism, Revolution, and Dictatorship: Africa, Asia, and Latin America from 1919 to 1939	89	(23)
The Rise of Nationalism in Asia and Africa	90	(10)
Traditional Resistance: A Precursor to Nationalism	90	(1)
Modern Nationalism	91	(1)
Gandhi and the Indian National Congress	92	(3)
The Nationalist Revolt in the Middle East	95	(3)
Nationalism and Communism in Asia and Africa	98	(2)
Revolution in China	100	(5)
Mr. Science and Mr. Democracy: The New Culture Movement	100	(1)
The Nanjing Republic	101	(3)
Social Change in Republican China	104	(1)
Japan Between the Wars	105	(2)
Experiment in Democracy	105	(1)
A Zaibatsu Economy	105	(1)
Shidehara Diplomacy	106	(1)
Nationalism and Dictatorship in Latin America	107	(5)
A Changing Economy	107	(1)
The Effects of Dependency	107	(3)
Latin American Culture	110	(1)
Conclusion	110	(1)
Chapter Notes	111	(1)
The Crisis Deepens: The Outbreak of World War II	112	(27)
The Rise of Dictatorial Regimes	112	(5)
The Birth of Fascism	113	(1)
Hitler and Nazi Germany	113	(3)
The Spread of Authoritarianism in Europe	116	(1)
The Rise of Militarism in Japan	116	(1)
The Path to War in Europe	117	(3)
Stalin Seeks a United Front	118	(1)
Decision at Munich	118	(2)
The Path to War in Asia	120	(1)
A Monroe Doctrine for Asia	120	(1)
Tokyo's ``Southern Strategy''	120	(1)
The World at War	121	(10)
The War in Europe	121	(3)
The New Order in Europe	124	(1)
War Spreads in Asia	125	(1)
The New Order in Asia	126	(3)
The Turning Point of the War, 1942--1943	129	(1)
The Last Years of the War	129	(2)
The Home Front: Three Examples	131	(1)
The Soviet Union	131	(1)
The United States	131	(1)
Japan	132	(1)
The Peace Settlement	132	(7)
Conclusion	133	(2)
Chapter Notes	135	(1)
Reflection Part II	136	(3)
PART III ACROSS THE IDEOLOGICAL DIVIDE	139	(98)
East and West in the Grip of the Cold War	140	(20)
The Collapse of the Grand Alliance	141	(4)
The Iron Curtain Descends	141	(1)
The Truman Doctrine and the Beginnings of Containment	141	(2)
Europe Divided	143	(2)
Cold War in Asia	145	(5)
The Chinese Civil War	145	(3)
The Korean War	148	(1)
Conflict in Indochina	149	(1)
From Confrontation to Coexistence	150	(6)
Khrushchev and the Era of Peaceful Coexistence	150	(2)
The Cuban Missile Crisis and the Move Toward Detente	152	(1)
The Sino-Soviet Dispute	153	(1)
The Second Indochina War	154	(2)
An Era of Equivalence	156	(4)
An End to Detente?	156	(1)
Countering the Evil Empire	157	(1)
Toward a New World Order	157	(1)
Conclusion	158	(1)
Chapter Notes	159	(1)
The United States, Canada, and Latin America	160	(21)
The United States Since 1945	160	(5)
An Era of Prosperity	160	(3)
Move to the Right	163	(1)
Seizing the Political Center	164	(1)
The Changing Face of American Society	165	(2)
A Consumer Society, a Permissive Society	165	(1)
The Melting Pot in Action	166	(1)
Women and Society	166	(1)
The Environment	166	(1)
Cultural Trends	167	(3)
The World of Painting	167	(1)
New Concepts in Music and Architecture	167	(2)
New Trends in Literature	169	(1)
Popular Culture	169	(1)
Science and Technology	170	(1)
Canada: In the Shadow of Goliath	170	(1)
Democracy, Dictatorship, and Development in Latin America Since 1945	171	(10)
An Era of Dependency	172	(1)
Nationalism and the Military: The Examples of Argentina and Brazil	173	(2)
The Mexican Way	175	(1)
The Marxist Variant	176	(3)
Trends in Latin American Culture	179	(1)
Conclusion	179	(1)
Chapter Notes	180	(1)
Brave New World: The Rise and Fall of Communism in the Soviet Union and Eastern Europe	181	(18)
The Postwar Soviet Union	181	(6)
From Stalin to Khrushchev	181	(3)
The Brezhnev Years, 1964--1982	184	(3)
Ferment in Eastern Europe	187	(2)
Unrest in Poland	188	(1)
The Hungarian Uprising	188	(1)
The Prague Spring	189	(1)
Culture and Society in the Soviet Bloc	189	(3)
Cultural Expression	189	(2)
Social Changes in the Soviet Union and Eastern Europe	191	(1)
The Disintegration of the Soviet Empire	192	(2)
The Gorbachev Era	193	(1)
Eastern Europe: From Soviet Satellites to Sovereign Nations	194	(1)
End of Empire	194	(2)
The New Russia: From Empire to Nation	196	(3)
Conclusion	197	(1)
Chapter Notes	198	(1)
Postwar Europe: On the Path to Unity?	199	(18)
Western Europe: Recovery and Renewal	199	(2)
The Triumph of Democracy in Postwar Europe	200	(1)
The Modern Welfare State: Three European Models	201	(6)
France	202	(1)
West Germany	203	(2)
Great Britain	205	(2)
Western Europe: The Search for Unity	207	(4)
The Curtain Rises: The Creation of the Common Market	207	(1)
The European Union	208	(1)
The Fall of the Iron Curtain	209	(1)
Europe Reunited	210	(1)
Aspects of Society in Postwar Europe	211	(3)
An Age of Affluence	211	(1)
Expanding Roles for Women	212	(1)
The Environment and the Green Movements	213	(1)
Aspects of Culture in Postwar Europe	214	(3)
Conclusion	216	(1)
The East Is Red: China Under Communism	217	(20)
China Under Mao Zedong	217	(3)
New Democracy	217	(2)
The Transition to Socialism	219	(1)
The Great Proletarian Cultural Revolution	219	(1)
China After Mao	220	(4)
The Four Modernizations	220	(2)
Incident at Tiananmen Square	222	(1)
From Marx to Confucius	223	(1)
Serve the People: Chinese Society Under Communism	224	(6)
The Politics of the Mass Line	224	(1)
Economics in Command	225	(3)
Social Problems	228	(2)
China's Changing Culture	230	(7)
Conclusion	232	(1)
Chapter Notes	233	(1)
Reflection Part III	234	(3)
PART IV THIRD WORLD RISING	237	(74)
Toward the Pacific Century? Japan and the Little Tigers	238	(19)
Japan: Asian Giant	239	(1)
The Transformation of Modern Japan: Politics and Government	240	(8)
The Economy	242	(2)
A Society in Transition	244	(2)
Religion and Culture	246	(2)
South Korea: A Peninsula Divided	248	(1)
The Korean Model	248	(1)
The Transition to Democracy	249	(1)
Taiwan: The Other China	249	(2)
Taiwan Under Nationalist Rule	250	(1)
Crafting a Taiwanese Identity	251	(1)
Singapore and Hong Kong: The Littlest Tigers	251	(3)
On the Margins of Asia: Postwar Australia and New Zealand	254	(3)
Conclusion	255	(1)
Chapter Notes	256	(1)
Nationalism Triumphant: The Emergence of Independent States in South and Southeast Asia	257	(18)
South Asia	257	(9)
The End of the British Raj	257	(1)
Independent India	258	(2)
The Land of the Pure: Pakistan Since Independence	260	(1)
Poverty and Pluralism in South Asia	261	(4)
South Asian Art and Literature Since Independence	265	(1)
Gandhi's Vision	266	(1)
Southeast Asia	266	(4)
The End of the Colonial Era	266	(1)
The Era of Independent States	267	(1)
Recent Trends	268	(2)
Regional Conflict and Cooperation: The Rise of ASEAN	270	(1)
Daily Life: Town and Country in Contemporary Southeast Asia	271	(1)
Cultural Trends	272	(3)
Conclusion: A Region in Flux	273	(1)
Chapter Notes	274	(1)
Emerging Africa	275	(17)
Uhuru: The Struggle for Independence	276	(2)
Colonial Reforms	276	(1)
The Legacy of Colonialism	276	(1)
The Rise of Nationalism	277	(1)
The Era of Independence	278	(6)
Pan-Africanism and Nationalism: The Destiny of Africa	278	(2)
Dream and Reality: Political and Economic Conditions in Independent Africa	280	(2)
The Search for Solutions	282	(2)
Continuity and Change in Modern African Societies	284	(3)
Education	285	(1)
Urban and Rural Life	285	(1)
African Women	285	(2)
African Culture	287	(5)
Literature	287	(2)
African Music	289	(1)
Conclusion: Gathered at the Beach	290	(1)
Chapter Notes	291	(1)
Ferment in the Middle East	292	(19)
Crescent of Conflict	292	(8)
The Question of Palestine	293	(1)
Nasser and Pan-Arabism	293	(1)
The Arab-Israeli Dispute	294	(2)
Revolution in Iran	296	(2)
Crisis in the Gulf	298	(2)
Politics and Society in the Contemporary Middle East	300	(5)
The Economics of Oil	301	(2)
The Islamic Revival	303	(1)
Women and Islam	304	(1)
Contemporary Literature and Art in the Middle East	305	(6)
Conclusion	307	(1)
Chapter Notes	308	(1)
Reflection Part IV	309	(2)
PART V THE NEW MILLENNIUM	311	(14)
Constructing a New World Order	312	(13)
After the Cold War: The End of History?	313	(1)
Contemporary Capitalism and Its Discontents	313	(2)
Europe: Speed Bumps on the Road to Unity	313	(1)
The United States: Capitalism Ascendant	314	(1)
Asian Miracle or Asian Myth?	314	(1)
Eliminating Poverty	315	(1)
From the Industrial to the Technological Revolution	315	(1)
A Transvaluation of Values	316	(2)
The Family	317	(1)
Religion	317	(1)
Technology	318	(1)
Capitalism	318	(1)
One World, One Environment	318	(1)
The Issue of Global Warming	319	(1)
The Population Debate	319	(1)
Global Village or Clash of Civilizations?	320	(2)
The Arts: Mirror of the Age	322	(3)
Chapter Notes	323	(2)
Suggested Reading	325	(8)
Index	333