Twenty Questions: An Introduction to Philosophy

by BOWIE

• ISBN13: 9780155026605
• ISBN10: 0155026607
• Edition: 3rd
• Format: Paperback
• Copyright: 1995-10-20
• Publisher: Wadsworth Publishing

Summary

Bringing philosophy into conversation with other intellectual traditions and activities, Twenty Questions introduces beginning philosophy students to classic philosophical texts both old and new. The essays chosen in the fourth edition reflect a full range of human perspectives and voices so that students may benefit from philosophical reflections of thinkers outside the discipline.

Table of Contents

PART 1 RELIGION AND THE MEANING OF LIFE	1	(86)
Does Religion Give My Life Meaning?	3	(50)
Religion Reconsidered	5	(4)
Steven M. Cahn
The Awakening of a New Consciousness in Zen	9	(4)
Daisetz Suzuki
Many Paths to the Same Summit	13	(2)
Ramakrishna
Why I Am Not a Christian	15	(9)
Bertrand Russell
The Leap Beyond Patriarchal Religion	24	(7)
Mary Daly bell hocks
Cornel West
Black Women and Men: Partnership in the 1990s	31	(14)
bell hooks
Cornel West
Memorial Service	45	(2)
H. L. Mencken
The Absurd	47	(6)
Albert Camus
How Do I Know Whether God Exists?	53	(34)
The Ontological Argument	56	(2)
Saint Anselm
Whether God Exists	58	(2)
Saint Thomas Aquinas
The Teleological Argument	60	(3)
William Paley
Why Does God Let People Suffer?	63	(5)
David Hume
Rebellion	68	(4)
Fyodor Dostoevsky
The Leap of Faith and the Limits of Reason	72	(3)
Soren Kierkegaard
The Will to Believe	75	(5)
William James
Theology and Falsification	80	(7)
Flew
Hare
Mitchell
PART 2 SCIENCE, MIND, AND NATURE	87	(146)
What Does Science Tell Me About The World?	89	(48)
The Deductive-Nomological Model of Science	92	(9)
Carl G. Hempel
Science: Conjectures and Refutations	101	(9)
Karl Popper
The Structure of Scientific Revolutions	110	(8)
Thomas Kuhn
Feminism and Science	118	(8)
Evelyn Fox Keller
Seeking New Laws of Nature	126	(8)
Richard Feynman
Gravity	134	(3)
Susan Griffin
Which Should I Believe: Darwin or Genesis?	137	(46)
Genesis	140	(3)
The Descent of Man	143	(6)
Charles Darwin
Creationist Science and Education	149	(11)
Duane T. Gish
Against Creationism	160	(12)
Philip Kitcher
Armies of the Night	172	(11)
Isaac Asimov
How Is My Mind Connected to My Body?	183	(50)
Mind as Distinct from Body	187	(5)
Rene Descartes
The Concept of Mind	192	(9)
Gilbert Ryle
Robots and Minds	201	(6)
William Lycan
The Myth of the Computer	207	(7)
John R. Searle
Woman as Body	214	(10)
Elizabeth V. Spelman
The Embodied Mind	224	(9)
Francisco Varela
PART 3 THINKING AND KNOWING	233	(94)
What Do I Know?	235	(42)
Meditation	238	(4)
Rene Descartes
Descartes' Evil Genius	242	(8)
O. K. Bouwsma
Knowledge Regained	250	(3)
Norman Malcolm
Through the Looking Glass	253	(1)
Lewis Carroll
The Circular Ruins	254	(4)
Jorge L. Borges
Appearance and Reality	258	(2)
Bertrand Russell
Where Our Ideas Come From	260	(4)
John Locke
To Be Is to Be Perceived	264	(6)
George Berkeley
Is the Sex of the Knower Epistemologically Significant?	270	(7)
Lorraine Code
Does Language Make Me Think the Way I Do?	277	(50)
Getting Rid of Words	280	(1)
Jonathan Swift
Meaning as Use	281	(8)
Ludwig Wittgenstein
Language, Thought, and Reality	289	(10)
Benjamin Whorf
Newspeak	299	(3)
George Orwell
Mentalese	302	(12)
Steven Pinker
How Words Hurt	314	(8)
Stephanie Ross
Communication and Consciousness	322	(2)
Friedrich Nietzsche
Humpty Dumpty	324	(3)
Lewis Carroll
PART 4 THE DILEMMAS OF PERSONHOOD	327	(226)
Who Am I?	329	(50)
The First Night	332	(17)
John Perry
Of Identity and Diversity	349	(5)
John Locke
Persons, Brains, and Bodies	354	(3)
Meredith W. Michaels
How to Build a Person	357	(8)
Justin Leiber
Of Personal Identity	365	(3)
David Hume
The Story-Telling Animal	368	(4)
Alasdair MacIntyre
``But Would That Still Be Me?''	372	(7)
Anthony Appiah
Is It Ok to Be Emotional?	379	(42)
On Anger	381	(3)
Aristotle
The Passions of the Soul	384	(4)
Rene Descartes
On Pride	388	(6)
David Hume
What Is an Emotion?	394	(5)
William James
Emotions as Transformations of the World	399	(3)
Jean-Paul Sartre
Uncivil Rites---The Cultural Rules of Anger	402	(4)
Carol Tavris
Aristophanes' Speech on Love	406	(2)
Plato
What Love Is	408	(4)
Robert C. Solomon
Feminism, Feelings and Philosophy	412	(9)
Morwenna Griffiths
How Should I Feel about Abortion?	421	(44)
The Abortion	424	(7)
Alice Walker
A Defense of Abortion	431	(13)
Judith Jarvis Thomson
Moral Revolution	444	(10)
Kathryn Pyne Addelson
Personhood and the Conception Event	454	(7)
Robert E. Joyce
Is Abortion Really a ``Moral'' Dilemma?	461	(4)
Barbara Ehrenreich
What Is the Meaning of Death?	465	(40)
Death	467	(6)
Thomas Nagel
The Death of Socrates	473	(3)
Plato
Definition of Death	476	(4)
Active and Passive Euthanasia	480	(5)
James Rachels
The International Termination of Life	485	(5)
Bonnie Steinbock
How We Die	490	(5)
Sherwin Nuland
Harvesting the Dead	495	(10)
Willard Gaylin
What Does My Race Have to Do with Me?	505	(48)
Anti-Semite and Jew	508	(2)
Jean-Paul Satre
What Good Am I?	510	(5)
Laurence Thomas
I'm Black, You're White, Who's Innocent?	515	(6)
Shelby Steele
The Erasure of Black Women	521	(7)
Elizabeth V. Spelman
Sex, Race, and Class: Two Cases	528	(9)
Michael Eric Dyson
Talking Liberties	537	(3)
Ira Glasser
The Debates Over Placing Limits on Racist Speech Must Not Ignore the Damage It Does to Its Victims	540	(4)
Charles R. Lawrence
Two Kinds	544	(9)
Amy Tan
PART 5 LIVING A GOOD LIFE	553	(206)
Why Shouldn't I Be Selfish?	555	(36)
get it & feel good	559	(1)
Ntozake Shange
The Ring of Gyges	560	(3)
Plato
The Pursuit of Pleasure	563	(3)
Epicurus
People Are Selfish	566	(2)
Thomas Hobbes
Benevolence and Self-Interest	568	(5)
Joseph Butler
The Selfish Gene	573	(3)
Richard Dawkins
So Cleverly Kind an Animal	576	(5)
Stephen Jay Gould
The Virtue of Selfishness	581	(3)
Ayn Rand
The Culture of Narcissism	584	(7)
Christopher Lasch
Can There Be Sexual Equality?	591	(40)
The Equality of Women	594	(5)
Plato
The Inequality of Women	599	(1)
Aristotle
The Inequality of Women	599	(1)
Immanuel Kant
The Subjection of Women	600	(8)
John Stuart Mill
The Second Sex	608	(6)
Simone de Beauvoir
Sexism	614	(8)
Marilyn Frye
Black Women: Shaping Feminist Theory	622	(9)
bell hooks
What Is the Right Thing for Me to Do?	631	(52)
The Ten Commandments and the Sermon on the Mount	634	(4)
The Analects	638	(1)
Confucius
The Unjust	639	(1)
Happiness and the Good Life	640	(7)
Aristotle
Foundations of the Metaphysics of Morals	647	(5)
Immanuel Kant
Utilitarianism	652	(4)
John Stuart Mill
The Natural History of Morals	656	(4)
Friedrich Nietzsche
Emotivism	660	(3)
A. J. Ayer
On Freedom and Morality	663	(2)
Simone de Beauvoir
Trying Out One's New Sword	665	(4)
Mary Midgley
In a Different Voice	669	(7)
Carol Gilligan
On Morality	676	(3)
Joan Didion
Justice, Care, Gender Bias	679	(4)
Cheshire Calhoun
How Can We Get Along with One Another?	683	(34)
I-Thou	687	(1)
Martin Buber
Friendship	688	(4)
Aristotle
Playfulness, ``World''-Traveling, and Loving Perception	692	(8)
Maria Lugones
Friends and Lovers	700	(8)
Laurence Thomas
Hell Is Other People	708	(2)
Jean-Paul Sartre
What Do Grown Children Owe Their Parents?	710	(5)
Jane English
My Heartbreak kid	715	(2)
Nancy Slonim Aronie
I Like It, But Is It Art?	717	(42)
The Nature of Tragedy	720	(6)
Aristotle
Of the Standard of Taste	726	(4)
David Hume
What Is Art?	730	(4)
Leo Tolstoy
The Music of Our Lives	734	(5)
Kathleen Higgins
The Motion Picture Production Code	739	(3)
The Culture Industry: Enlightenment as Mass Deception	742	(6)
Theodore Adorno
Max Horkheimer
The Worship of Art: Notes on the New God	748	(5)
Tom Wolfe
Arts and the State	753	(4)
Paul Mattick, Jr.
Art and Money	757	(2)
Lawrence Weschler
PART 6 JUSTICE AND RESPONSIBILITY	759	(128)
Am I Free to Choose What I Do?	761	(40)
Agamemnon	764	(3)
Martha Nussbaum
Voluntary and Involuntary Action	767	(3)
Aristotle
Are We Cogs in the Universe?	770	(2)
Baron d'Holbach
Meaning and Free Will	772	(8)
John Hospers
Freedom and Responsibility	780	(3)
Jean-Paul Sartre
Freedom and the Control of Men	783	(5)
B. F. Skinner
A Clockwork Orange	788	(1)
Anthony Burgess
Moral Luck	789	(3)
Bernard Williams
Autonomy and Identity in Feminist Thinking	792	(4)
Jean Grimshaw
Oppression	796	(5)
Iris Young
What Do I Justly Deserve?	801	(48)
Does Might Make Right?	803	(4)
Plato
Justice and the Social Contract	807	(5)
Thomas Hobbes
A Utilitarian Theory of Justice	812	(5)
John Stuart Mill
Justice as Fairness	817	(5)
John Rawls
Fairness versus Entitlement	822	(6)
Robert Nozick
Economic Income and Social Justice	828	(7)
Joel Feinberg
The Myth of Merit	835	(2)
Iris Young
Property and Hunger	837	(8)
Amartya Sen
Human Rights, Civil Rights	845	(4)
Malcolm X
How Should I Make a Living?	849	(38)
On Ethics in Business	852	(2)
Michael D'Antonio
Benefits of the Profit Motive	854	(5)
Adam Smith
The Immorality of Capitalism	859	(5)
Karl Marx
Friedrich Engels
A Primer on Marxian Economics	864	(2)
Paul M. Sweezy
The Social Responsibility of Business Is to Increase Its Profits	866	(3)
Milton Friedman
The Ford-Pinto Memo	869	(1)
Why Shouldn't Corporations Be Socially Responsible?	870	(2)
Christopher D. Stone
A Borderline Case: Sweatshops Cross the Rio Grande	872	(5)
James W. Russell
Honest Work	877	(3)
Joanne Ciulla
A Bill of Rights for Employees and Employers	880	(2)
Patricia H. Werhane
Some Implications of ``Comparable Worth''	882	(3)
Laurie Schrage
The Problem of ``Comparable Worth''	885	(2)
Jean O'Neill
On Business	887
Confucius