Understanding Evidence

by Giannelli, Paul C.

• ISBN13: 9780820564098
• ISBN10: 0820564095
• Edition: 2nd
• Format: Paperback
• Copyright: 2005-12-01
• Publisher: Lexis Nexis Matthew Bender

Table of Contents

Chapter 1 OVERVIEW OF EVIDENCE LAW	1	(16)
§ 1.01 Introduction	1	(1)
§ 1.02 Proof at Trial	1	(3)
§ 1.03 Law of Evidence	4	(4)
[A] Rules Governing the Content of Evidence	4	(1)
[1] Relevance Rules	4	(1)
[2] Competence Rules	5	(1)
[a] Rules Based on Reliability Concerns	5	(1)
[b] Rules Based on External Policies	5	(1)
[B] Rules Governing Witnesses	5	(3)
[1] Competency of Witnesses	5	(1)
[2] Examination of Witnesses	6	(1)
[3] Types of Witnesses	6	(1)
[a] Lay Witnesses	6	(1)
[b] Expert Witnesses	6	(1)
[4] Credibility	7	(1)
[C] Substitutes for Evidence	8	(1)
§ 1.04 Federal Rules of Evidence	8	(2)
[A] Drafting the Rules	8	(1)
[B] Congressional Intervention	9	(1)
[C] Amendment of the Rules	9	(1)
[D] Structure of Federal Rules	9	(1)
§ 1.05 State Adoption of the Federal Rules	10	(1)
§ 1.06 Interpreting the Federal Rules: The "Plain Meaning" Debate	11	(2)
§ 1.07 Themes in the Federal Rules	13	(1)
§ 1.08 Criminal and Civil Trials	14	(1)
§ 1.09 Key Points	15	(2)
Chapter 2 ROLES OF JUDGE AND JURY: FRE 614	17	(6)
§ 2.01 Introduction	17	(1)
§ 2.02 Role of the Judge	17	(1)
§ 2.03 Court-called Witnesses	18	(1)
§ 2.04 Court Questioning of Witnesses	19	(1)
§ 2.05 Judicial Commenting on Evidence	20	(1)
§ 2.06 Jury Questioning of Witnesses	21	(1)
§ 2.07 Key Points	22	(1)
Part A: Procedural Framework at Trial
Chapter 3 STAGES OF TRIAL	23	(20)
§ 3.01 Introduction	23	(1)
§ 3.02 Pretrial Stages: Civil Cases	23	(5)
[A] Pleadings	23	(1)
[B] Pretrial Conference	24	(1)
[C] Discovery	25	(3)
[1] Depositions	25	(1)
[2] Experts	26	(2)
[3] Requests for Admissions	28	(1)
[D] Summary Judgment	28	(1)
§ 3.03 Pretrial Stages: Criminal Cases	28	(6)
[A] Charging Instruments	28	(1)
[B] Preliminary Hearing	29	(1)
[C] Grand Jury	30	(2)
[D] Discovery	32	(2)
§ 3.04 Jury Selection and Voir Dire	34	(1)
§ 3.05 Order of Trial Proceedings	35	(5)
[A] Opening Statment	35	(1)
[B] Case-in-chief	35	(2)
[C] Rebuttal and Surrebuttal	37	(1)
[D] Closing Argument	37	(3)
[E] Jury Instructions	40	(1)
§ 3.06 Jury Deliberation, Verdicts and Posttrial Motions	40	(1)
[A] Exhibits in the Jury Room	40	(1)
[B] Post-verdict Hearings and Motions	41	(1)
§ 3.07 Key Points	41	(2)
Chapter 4 BURDENS OF PROOF	43	(10)
§ 4.01 Introduction	43	(1)
§ 4.02 Allocation of Burdens	43	(1)
§ 4.03 Burden of Persuasion	44	(5)
[A] "Preponderance of Evidence" Standard	44	(1)
[B] "Clear and Convincing Evidence" Standard	45	(1)
[C] "Beyond a Reasonable Doubt" Standard	46	(2)
[D] Affirmative Defenses	48	(1)
§ 4.04 Burden of Production	49	(3)
[A] Directed Verdicts in Civil Cases	49	(1)
[B] Directed Verdicts in Criminal Cases	50	(1)
[C] Affirmative Defenses	51	(1)
§ 4.05 Key Points	52	(1)
Chapter 5 PRESUMPTIONS AND INFERENCES: FRE 301	53	(14)
§ 5.01 Introduction	53	(1)
§ 5.02 Definitions of Presumptions and Inferences	53	(2)
§ 5.03 Rationale for Presumptions	55	(1)
§ 5.04 Effect of Presumptions	56	(2)
[A] Thayer Theory of Presumptions	56	(1)
[B] Morgan Theory of Presumptions	57	(1)
[C] Other Approaches	57	(1)
§ 5.05 Federal Rule 301	58	(1)
§ 5.06 Conflicting Presumptions	59	(1)
§ 5.07 Choice of Law	59	(1)
§ 5.08 Selected Presumptions	60	(1)
§ 5.09 Criminal Presumptions	60	(5)
[A] Criminal Presumptions Defined	61	(1)
[B] Constitutionality of Criminal Presumptions	62	(3)
§ 5.10 Key Points	65	(2)
Chapter 6 OBJECTIONS AND OFFERS OF PROOF: FRE 103	67	(20)
§ 6.01 Introduction	67	(1)
§ 6.02 Objections: Rule 103(a)(1)	67	(5)
[A] Specificity: Grounds	68	(1)
[B] Specificity: Parts of Documents	69	(1)
[C] "Continuing" or "Running" Objections	70	(1)
[D] Timeliness of Objections	70	(2)
[1] Motions to Strike	71	(1)
[2] "Connecting Up"	71	(1)
[3] Motions to Suppress	72	(1)
[4] Depositions	72	(1)
§ 6.03 Offers of Proof: Rule 103(a)(2)	72	(2)
[A] Form of Offer of Proof	73	(1)
[B] Exceptions to Offer-of-proof Requirement	74	(1)
§ 6.04 Motions in Limine	74	(2)
[A] "Definitive" Rulings	75	(1)
[B] Motions to Suppress Compared	76	(1)
§ 6.05 Required Testimony: Luce v. United States	76	(1)
§ 6.06 "Drawing the Sting": Ohler v. United States	77	(1)
§ 6.07 Invited Error Rule	78	(1)
§ 6.08 Meeting "Fire with Fire"	79	(1)
§ 6.09 Record of Offer and Ruling: FRE 103(b)	79	(1)
§ 6.10 Hearings Out of the Jury's Presence: FRE 103(c)	80	(1)
§ 6.11 Plain Error Rule: FRE 103(d)	80	(1)
§ 6.12 Harmless Error	81	(2)
§ 6.13 Appellate Review of Admissibility Decisions	83	(1)
§ 6.14 Bench Trials	83	(1)
§ 6.15 Common Law "Exceptions" to Evidence	84	(1)
§ 6.16 Key Points	84	(3)
Chapter 7 PRELIMINARY QUESTIONS OF ADMISSIBILITY: FRE 104	87	(10)
§ 7.01 Introduction	87	(1)
§ 7.02 Preliminary Questions: General Rule: FRE 104(a)	87	(2)
[A] Application of Evidence Rules	88	(1)
[B] Burden of Proof on Preliminary Issues	89	(1)
§ 7.03 Conditional Relevancy: FRE 104(b)	89	(3)
§ 7.04 Hearing of Jury: FRE 104(c)	92	(1)
[A] Confessions	92	(1)
[B] Other Preliminary Matters	92	(1)
§ 7.05 Testimony by Accused: FRE 104(d)	92	(1)
[A] Scope of Cross-examination	92	(1)
[B] Trial Use	92	(1)
§ 7.06 Weight and Credibility: FRE 104(e)	93	(1)
§ 7.07 Key Points	94	(3)
Chapter 8 LIMITED ADMISSIBILITY: FRE 105	97	(10)
§ 8.01 Introduction	97	(1)
§ 8.02 Evidence Admissible for One Purpose	97	(1)
§ 8.03 Evidence Admissible against One Party	98	(3)
[A] Severance	99	(1)
[B] Redaction	99	(1)
[C] Codefendant's Testimony	100	(1)
[D] Recognized Hearsay Exception	100	(1)
[E] Other Bruton Issues	101	(1)
§ 8.04 Restricting Evidence to Its "Proper Scope"	101	(1)
§ 8.05 Procedural Issues	102	(1)
[A] Mandatory and Discretionary Instructions	102	(1)
[B] Timing of Instructions	102	(1)
[C] Failure to Request Instructions	102	(1)
§ 8.06 Effectiveness of Limiting Instructions	103	(1)
§ 8.07 Relationship with Rule 403 and the Hearsay Rule	104	(1)
§ 8.08 Key Points	104	(3)
Part B: Relevancy
Chapter 9 RELEVANCY AND ITS COUNTERPARTS: FRE 401-403	107	(32)
§ 9.01 Overview of Relevancy Rules	107	(1)
§ 9.02 Consequential ("Material") Facts Defined	108	(2)
§ 9.03 "Relevancy" Defined	110	(6)
[A] Admissibility vs. Sufficiency	112	(1)
[B] Basis for Relevancy Determination	113	(1)
[C] Direct and Circumstantial Evidence	113	(2)
[D] "Inference upon Inference" Rule	115	(1)
[E] "Background" Evidence	115	(1)
§ 9.04 Admissibility of Relevant Evidence: Rule 402	116	(3)
[A] United States Constitution	117	(1)
[B] Federal Statutes	118	(1)
[C] Other Procedural Rules	119	(1)
§ 9.05 Rule 403 "Balancing"	119	(9)
[A] Estimating Probative Value	120	(1)
[B] Rule 403 "Dangers"	120	(3)
[1] Unfair Prejudice	120	(1)
[2] Confusion of Issues	121	(1)
[3] Misleading the Jury	122	(1)
[4] Surprise	123	(1)
[C] Rule 403 "Considerations"	123	(1)
[D] Probative Value vs. Dangers an Considerations	124	(3)
[1] Jury Instructions	125	(1)
[2] Alternative Proof	125	(1)
[3] Stipulations	126	(1)
[E] Appellate Review	127	(1)
§ 9.06 Similar Happenings; Other Accidents	128	(1)
§ 9.07 Adverse Inferences	129	(4)
[A] Admissions by Conduct: Flight, Alias, etc.	130	(1)
[B] Destruction of Evidence (Spoliation)	131	(1)
[C] Failure to Produce Evidence	132	(1)
[D] "Missing Witness" Rule	133	(1)
§ 9.08 Out-of-court Experiments	133	(1)
§ 9.09 Demonstrative Evidence	134	(1)
§ 9.10 Key Points	134	(5)
Chapter 10 CHARACTER EVIDENCE: FRE 404, 405, 412-15	139	(24)
§ 10.01 Introduction	139	(1)
§ 10.02 Rationale for Prohibiting Character Evidence	140	(1)
§ 10.03 Methods of Proof: FRE 405	140	(3)
[A] Reputation Evidence	141	(1)
[B] Opinion Evidence	141	(1)
[C] Specific Instances Reflecting Character	142	(1)
§ 10.04 Accused's Character: FRE 404(a)(1)	143	(4)
[A] Pertinent Trait	144	(1)
[B] Prosecution Rebuttal Character Evidence	144	(1)
[C] Prosecution Cross-examination	145	(2)
[D] Self-defense Cases	147	(1)
§ 10.05 Accused's Character in Sex Offense Cases: FRE 413-15	147	(4)
[A] Sex Offense Cases: FRE 413	148	(2)
[B] Child Molestation Cases: FRE 414	150	(1)
[C] Civil Suits: FRE 415	150	(1)
§ 10.06 Victim's Character in Self-Defense Cases: FRE 404(a)(2)	151	(1)
[A] Special Rule in Homicide Cases	151	(1)
[B] "Communicated" Character Distinguished	152	(1)
§ 10.07 Rape Shield Law: FRE 412	152	(7)
[A] Exception: Origin of Semen, Pregnancy, or Disease	154	(1)
[B] Exception: Past Sexual Activity with Accused	155	(1)
[C] Exception: Constitutionally-required	155	(3)
[D] Procedure	158	(1)
[E] Civil Cases	158	(1)
§ 10.08 Character Evidence in Civil Cases	159	(1)
§ 10.09 Character as Element of a Cause of Action or Defense	159	(1)
§ 10.10 Key Points	160	(3)
Chapter 11 OTHER-ACTS EVIDENCE: FRE 404(b)	163	(16)
§ 11.01 Introduction	163	(1)
[A] Common Misconceptions	163	(1)
§ 11.02 Rule 404(b) Analysis	164	(1)
§ 11.03 Determining "Materiality" under Rule 401	165	(5)
[A] Proof of Identity; Modus Operandi	166	(1)
[B] Proof of Mens Rea: Intent, Knowledge	167	(1)
[C] Proof of Corpus Delicti	168	(1)
[D] Interrelated Acts ("Res Gestae")	169	(1)
§ 11.04 Determining Admissibility Under Rule 403	170	(2)
[A] Disputed Issues	170	(1)
[B] Stipulations	171	(1)
[C] Jury Instructions	171	(1)
§ 11.05 Accused's Participation in Other Act: FRE 104(b)	172	(1)
§ 11.06 Other-acts Evidence Offered by the Accused	172	(1)
§ 11.07 Entrapment Cases	173	(1)
§ 11.08 Notice Requirement	174	(1)
§ 11.09 Double Jeopardy and Collateral Estoppel	175	(1)
§ 11.10 Due Process	176	(1)
§ 11.11 Other-acts Evidence in Civil Cases	177	(1)
§ 11.12 Related Issues	177	(1)
§ 11.13 Key Issues	178	(1)
Chapter 12 HABIT EVIDENCE: FRE 406	179	(6)
§ 12.01 Introduction	179	(1)
§ 12.02 Habit and Character Distinguished	179	(2)
§ 12.03 Routine Business Practices	181	(1)
[A] Custom to Establish Standard of Care	182	(1)
§ 12.04 Determining Admissibility under Rule 403	182	(1)
§ 12.05 Methods of Proof	183	(1)
§ 12.06 Key Points	183	(2)
Chapter 13 SUBSEQUENT REMEDIAL MEASURES: FRE 407	185	(10)
§ 13.01 Introduction	185	(1)
§ 13.02 Rationale	185	(1)
§ 13.03 "Remedial Measures" Defined	186	(1)
§ 13.04 Timing of Remedial Measures	187	(1)
§ 13.05 Third-party Remedial Measures	187	(1)
§ 13.06 Required Remedial Measures	187	(1)
§ 13.07 Strict Liability Cases	188	(2)
§ 13.08 Admissibility for Other Purposes	190	(2)
[A] Ownership and Control	190	(1)
[B] Feasibility of Precautionary Measures	191	(1)
[C] Impeachment	191	(1)
§ 13.09 Key Points	192	(3)
Chapter 14 COMPROMISES AND OFFERS: FRE 408	195	(8)
§ 14.01 Introduction	195	(1)
§ 14.02 Rationale	195	(1)
§ 14.03 Scope of Rule 408	196	(1)
[A] Statements	196	(1)
[B] Criminal Cases	196	(1)
§ 14.04 "Dispute" Requirement	197	(1)
§ 14.05 Third-party Compromises	198	(1)
§ 14.06 Admissibility for Other Purposes	199	(1)
[A] Bias	199	(1)
[B] Obstruction of Justice	199	(1)
[C] Prior Inconsistent Statements	200	(1)
§ 14.07 Discovery	200	(1)
§ 14.08 Key Points	201	(2)
Chapter 15 MEDICAL PAYMENTS: FRE 409	203	(2)
§ 15.01 Introduction	203	(1)
§ 15.02 Rationale	203	(1)
§ 15.03 Admissibility for Other Purposes	204	(1)
§ 15.04 Key Point	204	(1)
Chapter 16 CRIMINAL PLEAS AND OFFERS: FRE 410	205	(8)
§ 16.01 Introduction	205	(1)
§ 16.02 Withdrawn Guilty Pleas	205	(1)
§ 16.03 Nolo Contendere Pleas	206	(1)
§ 16.04 Criminal Rule 11 "Voluntariness" Statements	206	(1)
§ 16.05 Plea Discussions	207	(2)
[A] Statements to Police	207	(1)
[B] Broken Agreements	208	(1)
[C] Offered against Prosecution	208	(1)
§ 16.06 Admissibility against Third Parties	209	(1)
§ 16.07 Exceptions	209	(2)
[A] Rule of Completeness	210	(1)
[B] Perjury and False Statement Prosecutions	210	(1)
[C] Impeachment	210	(1)
§ 16.08 Waiver	211	(1)
§ 16.09 Key Points	212	(1)
Chapter 17 INSURANCE: FRE 411	213	(4)
§ 17.01 Introduction	213	(1)
§ 17.02 Rationale	213	(1)
§ 17.03 Admissibility for Other Purposes	214	(1)
[A] Ownership and Agency	214	(1)
[B] Bias	214	(1)
§ 17.04 Key Points	215	(2)
Part C: Witnesses
Chapter 18 WITNESS COMPETENCY: FRE 601, 603, 605, 606	217	(16)
§ 18.01 Introduction: FRE 601	217	(1)
§ 18.02 Oath Requirement: FRE 603	218	(1)
§ 18.03 Mental Competency	219	(1)
§ 18.04 Ability to Communicate	220	(1)
§ 18.05 Child Competency and Testimony	221	(3)
[A] Closed-circuit Testimony	223	(1)
[B] Videotape Depositions	223	(1)
§ 18.06 Dead Man Statutes	224	(1)
§ 18.07 Competency of Judge: FRE 605	224	(1)
§ 18.08 Competency of Jurors: FRE 606	225	(2)
[A] Juror as Witness	225	(1)
[B] Impeachment of Verdicts and Indictments	226	(1)
§ 18.09 Competency of Attorneys	227	(1)
§ 18.10 Choice of Law	228	(1)
§ 18.11 Key Points	229	(4)
Chapter 19 SEQUESTRATION OF WITNESSES: FRE 615	233	(8)
§ 19.01 Introduction	233	(1)
§ 19.02 Exception: Parties	233	(1)
§ 19.03 Exception: Designated Officers and Employees	234	(1)
§ 19.04 Exception: Essential Persons	235	(1)
§ 19.05 Exception: Crime Victims	236	(1)
§ 19.06 Out-of-court Separation of Witnesses	236	(1)
§ 19.07 Out-of-court Separation of Attorney and Client	237	(1)
§ 19.08 Sanctions	238	(1)
§ 19.09 Key Points	239	(2)
Chapter 20 EXAMINATION OF WITNESSES: FRE 611	241	(10)
§ 20.01 Introduction	241	(1)
§ 20.02 Judicial Control of Trial	241	(2)
[A] Harrassment and Undue Embarrassment	242	(1)
[B] Testimony in Narrative Form	243	(1)
[C] Continuances	243	(1)
§ 20.03 Leading Questions	243	(3)
[A] Direct Examination	243	(3)
[1] Exceptions	245	(1)
[B] Cross-examination	246	(1)
§ 20.04 Scope of Cross-examination	246	(1)
§ 20.05 Redirect and Recross-Examination	247	(1)
§ 20.06 Other Common Objections	247	(1)
§ 20.07 Preparation ("Coaching") of Witnesses	248	(1)
§ 20.08 Key Points	249	(2)
Chapter 21 REFRESHING RECOLLECTION: FRE 612	251	(6)
§ 21.01 Introduction	251	(1)
§ 21.02 Rationale	251	(2)
§ 21.03 Right of Inspection	253	(1)
[A] Pretrial Refreshment	253	(1)
§ 21.04 Jencks Act	254	(1)
§ 21.05 Privileged Material; Work Product	254	(1)
§ 21.06 Sanctions	254	(1)
§ 21.07 Recorded Recollection Distinguished	255	(1)
§ 21.08 Key Points	255	(2)
Chapter 22 WITNESS CREDIBILITY: FRE 607-609, 613	257	(40)
§ 22.01 Introduction	258	(1)
[A] Stages of Credibility	257	(1)
[B] Types of Impeachment	257	(1)
[C] Extrinsic Evidence ("Collateral Matters")	258	(1)
§ 22.02 Prohibition on Bolstering	259	(2)
[A] General Rule	259	(1)
[B] Exceptions	259	(2)
[1] Pretrial Identifications	259	(1)
[2] Fresh Complaints	260	(1)
[3] Cooperation (Plea) Agreements	260	(1)
§ 22.03 Impeachment of Own Witness: FRE 607	261	(2)
[A] Voucher Rule	261	(1)
[B] Problem: Prior Inconsistent Statements	262	(1)
§ 22.04 Bias Impeachment	263	(3)
[A] Right of Confrontation	265	(1)
[B] Foundational Requirement	266	(1)
[C] Extrinsic Evidence	266	(1)
§ 22.05 Impeachment: Sensory and Mental Defects	266	(1)
§ 22.06 Untruthful Character Impeachment: Overview	267	(1)
§ 22.07 Untruthful Character — Reputation and Opinion: FRE 608(a)	268	(1)
§ 22.08 Untruthful Character — Prior Conviction: FRE 609	269	(10)
[A] Overview	269	(1)
[B] Conviction Defined; Arrests; No-contest Pleas	270	(1)
[C] Rationale	270	(1)
[D] "Felony" Convictions: The Accused	271	(2)
[1] Relevant Factors	272	(1)
[2] Balancing of Factors	273	(1)
[E] "Felony" Convictions: Other Witnesses	273	(1)
[F] Crimes of Dishonesty and False Statement ("Crimen Falsi")	274	(1)
[G] Ten-year Limit, FRE 609(b)	275	(1)
[H] Pardon and Annulment: FRE 609(c)	276	(1)
[I] Juvenile Adjudications: FRE 609(d)	276	(1)
[J] Pendency of Appeal: FRE 609(e)	277	(1)
[K] Methods of Proof	277	(1)
[L] Motions in Limine; Appeals	278	(1)
[M] Unconstitutional Convictions	278	(1)
§ 22.09 Untruthful Character — Prior Acts: FRE 608(b)	279	(2)
§ 22.10 Prior Inconsistent Statements: FRE 613	281	(6)
[A] Hearsay Rule and Inconsistent Statements	281	(1)
[B] Inconsistency Requirement	282	(1)
[C] Foundational Requirements	283	(1)
[D] Extrinsic Evidence ("Collateral Matters")	284	(1)
[E] Statements in Opinion Form	285	(1)
[F] Prior Inconsistent Conduct	285	(1)
[G] Impeachment by Silence	285	(1)
[H] Constitutional Issues	286	(1)
§ 22.11 Specific Contradiction	287	(1)
§ 22.12 Learned Treatise	288	(1)
§ 22.13 Religious Belief: FRE 610	288	(1)
§ 22.14 Rehabilitation	289	(1)
[A] Untruthful Character: FRE 608(a)(2)	289	(1)
[B] Prior Consistent Statements	289	(1)
§ 22.15 Key Points	290	(7)
Chapter 23 LAY WITNESSES: FRE 602 AND 701	297	(10)
§ 23.01 Introduction	297	(1)
§ 23.02 Firsthand Knowledge Rule: FRE 602	297	(2)
[A] Standard of Proof: Prima Facie	298	(1)
[B] Relationship to Hearsay Rule	298	(1)
§ 23.03 Opinion Rule: FRE 701	299	(6)
[A] Overview	299	(2)
[B] Common Law "Fact-Opinion" Formulation	301	(1)
[C] Rule 701	302	(2)
[D] Overlap Between Lay and Expert Opinions	304	(1)
[E] Application to Out-of-court Statements	304	(1)
§ 23.04 Key Points	305	(2)
Chapter 24 EXPERT TESTIMONY: FRE 702, 704, 706	307	(44)
§ 24.01 Introduction	307	(1)
§ 24.02 Subject Matter Requirement: An Overview	307	(1)
§ 24.03 Subject Matter: Expertise Not Needed	308	(2)
§ 24.04 Subject Matter: Reliability of Expert Evidence	310	(12)
[A] Frye "General Acceptance" Test	312	(2)
[B] Relevancy Approach	314	(1)
[C] Daubert Reliability Test	314	(10)
[1] Daubert Factors	315	(3)
[2] Appellate Review	318	(1)
[3] Technical Expertise	319	(1)
[4] Impact of Daubert	320	(2)
[5] Procedural Issues	322	(1)
§ 24.05 Qualifications Requirement	322	(2)
§ 24.06 Ultimate Issue Rule: FRE 704	324	(3)
[A] Mental States	326	(1)
§ 24.07 Court-appointed Experts: FRE 706	327	(1)
§ 24.08 Polygraph Evidence	328	(2)
§ 24.09 Hypnotic Evidence	330	(3)
[A] Out-of-court Hypnotic Statements	330	(1)
[B] Hypnotically-refreshed Testimony	330	(2)
[C] Mental Condition Testimony	332	(1)
§ 24.10 Fingerprint Evidence	333	(1)
§ 24.11 Questioned Documents; Handwriting	334	(2)
§ 24.12 DNA Profiling	336	(2)
[A] DNA Technology	336	(1)
[B] Admissibility	337	(1)
§ 24.13 Eyewitness Identifications	338	(1)
§ 24.14 Battered Woman Syndrome	339	(2)
[A] Research	339	(1)
[B] Admissibility	340	(1)
§ 24.15 Rape Trauma Syndrome	341	(3)
[A] Research	341	(1)
[B] Admissibility	342	(2)
§ 24.16 Child Sexual Abuse Accommodation Syndrome	344	(2)
[A] Research	344	(1)
[B] Admissibility	345	(1)
§ 24.17 Right to Defense Experts	346	(1)
§ 24.18 Key Points	347	(4)
Chapter 25 BASES OF EXPERT TESTIMONY: FRE 703 AND 705	351	(10)
§ 25.01 Introduction	351	(1)
§ 25.02 Opinion Based on Personal Knowledge	352	(1)
§ 25.03 Opinion Based on Admitted Evidence ("Record Facts")	352	(2)
[A] Hypothetical Questions	352	(2)
[B] "Modified" Hypothetical Questions	354	(1)
§ 25.04 Opinion Based on Nonrecord Facts: "Reasonable Reliance" Requirement	354	(3)
[A] Determining Admissibility: Judge's Role	356	(1)
[B] Hearsay Use	356	(1)
[C] Right of Confrontation	357	(1)
§ 25.05 Expert Opinions and "Background" Hearsay	357	(2)
§ 25.06 Opinion Based Upon Opinion	359	(1)
§ 25.07 Key Points	359	(2)
Part D: Real and Demonstrative Evidence
Chapter 26 REAL AND DEMONSTRATIVE EVIDENCE	361	(10)
§ 26.01 Introduction	361	(1)
§ 26.02 Real Evidence	361	(5)
[A] Condition of Object	361	(1)
[B] Readily Identifiable Objects: FRE 901(b)(4)	362	(1)
[C] Chain of Custody: FRE 901(b)(1)
[1] Length of Chain of Custody	363	(1)
[2] Links of Chain of Custody	364	(1)
[D] Standard of Proof	365	(1)
§ 26.03 Charts, Models and Maps	366	(1)
§ 26.04 In-court Exhibitions	367	(1)
§ 26.05 In-court Demonstrations	367	(1)
§ 26.06 Jury Views	368	(1)
§ 26.07 Key Points	369	(2)
Chapter 27 PHOTOGRAPHS, TAPES, AND VOICE IDENTIFICATIONS	371	(14)
§ 27.01 Introduction	371	(1)
§ 27.02 Photographs	371	(4)
[A] "Pictorial Communication" Theory	371	(1)
[B] "Silent Witness" Theory	372	(1)
[C] Posed Scenes	373	(1)
[D] Digital Enhancement	373	(1)
[E] Internet Downloading	374	(1)
[F] Gruesome Photographs	374	(1)
§ 27.03 Videotapes and Movies	375	(1)
[A] Videotape Evidence	375	(1)
[B] "Day-in-the-life" Videotapes	376	(1)
§ 27.04 Computer Animations and Simulations	376	(3)
[A] Computer Animations	376	(2)
[B] Computer Simulations	378	(1)
§ 27.05 Voice Identification: FRE 901(b)(5)	379	(1)
§ 27.06 Telephone Conversations: FRE 901(b)(6)	380	(1)
[A] Outgoing Calls	380	(1)
[B] Incoming Calls	381	(1)
§ 27.07 Sound Recordings	381	(2)
[A] Inaudibility	382	(1)
[B] Transcripts	382	(1)
§ 27.08 Key Points	383	(2)
Part E: Writings
Chapter 28 AUTHENTICATION OF WRITINGS: FRE 901-903	385	(12)
§ 28.01 Introduction	385	(1)
§ 28.02 General Rule	385	(1)
[A] Standard of Proof: Prima Facie	386	(1)
[B] Relationship with Civil Rules	386	(1)
§ 28.03 Witness with Knowledge: FRE 901(b)(1)	386	(1)
§ 28.04 Nonexpert Opinion on Handwriting: FRE 901(b)(2)	387	(1)
§ 28.05 Comparison by Trier or Expert: FRE 901(b)(3)	387	(1)
§ 28.06 Distinctive Characteristics: FRE 901(b)(4)	388	(1)
[A] Reply Rule	389	(1)
§ 28.07 Public Records and Reports: FRE 901(b)(7)	389	(1)
§ 28.08 Ancient Documents: FRE 901(b)(8)	390	(1)
§ 28.09 Process or System: FRE 901(b)(9)	390	(1)
§ 28.10 Statute or Rule Methods: FRE 901(b)(10)	391	(1)
§ 28.11 Self-authenticating Documents: FRE 902	391	(4)
[A] General Rule	391	(1)
[B] Domestic Public Documents with Seal	391	(1)
[C] Domestic Public Documents without Seal	392	(1)
[D] Foreign Public Documents	392	(1)
[E] Certified Copies of Public Records	392	(1)
[F] Official Publications	393	(1)
[G] Newspapers and Periodicals	393	(1)
[H] Trade Inspections and the Like	394	(1)
[I] Acknowledged Documents	394	(1)
[J] Commercial Paper and Related Documents	394	(1)
[K] Presumptions Created by Law	394	(1)
[L] Certified Domestic Business Records	395	(1)
[M] Certified Foreign Business Records	395	(1)
§ 28.12 Subscribing Witnesses: FRE 903	395	(1)
§ 28.13 Key Points	396	(1)
Chapter 29 RULE OF COMPLETENESS: FRE 106	397	(6)
§ 29.01 Introduction	397	(1)
§ 29.02 Rationale	397	(1)
§ 29.03 Oral Conversations	397	(1)
§ 29.04 "Ought in Fairness" Standard	398	(1)
§ 29.05 "Inadmissible Evidence" Problem	399	(1)
§ 29.06 Key Points	400	(3)
Chapter 30 "BEST EVIDENCE" RULE: FRE 1001-1008	403	(16)
§ 30.01 Introduction	403	(1)
§ 30.02 Rationale	403	(1)
§ 30.03 Proving Contents	404	(3)
[A] Written Events; Independent Events	404	(1)
[B] Written Method of Proof	405	(1)
[C] Related Issues	405	(2)
§ 30.04 Definition of "Writing" and "Original"	407	(1)
[A] "Writings" Defined	407	(1)
[B] "Originals" Defined	407	(1)
§ 30.05 Exception — Duplicates: FRE 1003 ("Xerox"™ Rule)	408	(2)
[A] "Duplicates" Defined	409	(1)
[B] Exceptions to Duplicate Rule	409	(1)
§ 30.06 Exception — Original Lost or Destroyed: FRE 1004(1)	410	(1)
§ 30.07 Exception — Original Not Obtainable: FRE 1004(2)	411	(1)
§ 30.08 Exception — Original in Opponent's Possession: FRE 1004(3)	411	(1)
§ 30.09 Exception — Collateral Matters: FRE 1004(4)	411	(1)
§ 30.10 Exception — Public Records: FRE 1005	412	(1)
§ 30.11 Exception — Summaries: FRE 1006	412	(2)
§ 30.12 Exception — Opponent Admission: FRE 1007	414	(1)
§ 30.13 Function of Judge and Jury: FRE 1008	415	(1)
§ 30.14 Degrees of Secondary Evidence	415	(1)
§ 30.15 Key Points	416	(3)
Part F: Hearsay
Chapter 31 HEARSAY RULE: FRE 801(a)-(c), 805, 806	419	(26)
§ 31.01 Overview of Article VIII	419	(1)
§ 31.02 Rationale for Hearsay Rule	420	(1)
§ 31.03 Hearsay Definitions	421	(1)
[A] Declarant-focused Definition	421	(1)
[B] Assertion-focused Definition	421	(1)
§ 31.04 "Declarant" Defined: FRE 801(b)	422	(1)
§ 31.05 "Out-of-court" (Extrajudicial) Requirement	422	(1)
§ 31.06 Statements Offered for Their Truth	423	(7)
[A] To Show Effect on Listener — Not Hearsay	424	(2)
[B] Verbal Acts — Not Hearsay	426	(1)
[C] Verbal Parts of Acts — Not Hearsay	427	(1)
[D] Prior Inconsistent Statements for Impeachment —Not Hearsay	428	(1)
[E] To Circumstantially Prove Declarant's State of Mind — Not Hearsay	429	(1)
[F] To Prove Personal Knowledge — Not Hearsay	429	(1)
§ 31.07 "Statement" Defined; "Implied Assertions" — FRE 801(a)	430	(5)
[A] Assertive Conduct	430	(1)
[B] Nonassertive Conduct	431	(15)
[1] Nonverbal and Verbal Nonassertive Conduct	434	(1)
[2] Silence	434	(1)
[3] Questions and Commands	434	(1)
§ 31.08 Constitutional Issues	435	(1)
§ 31.09 Procedural Issues	436	(1)
§ 31.10 Double Hearsay: FRE 805	436	(1)
§ 31.11 Calling Hearsay Declarants: FRE 806	437	(1)
§ 31.12 Impeachment of Declarants: FRE 806	437	(2)
§ 31.13 "Res Gestae"	439	(1)
§ 31.14 Key Points	440	(5)
Chapter 32 HEARSAY EXEMPTIONS: FRE 801(d)	445	(24)
§ 32.01 Introduction	445	(1)
§ 32.02 Prior Inconsistent Statements: FRE 801(d)(1)(A)	445	(1)
§ 32.03 Prior Consistent Statements: FRE 801(d)(1)(B)	446	(2)
[A] "Premotive" Requirement	447	(1)
[B] Rehabilitation	447	(1)
§ 32.04 Statements of Identification: FRE 801(d)(1)(C)	448	(2)
[A] Cross-examination Requirement	449	(1)
[B] Constitutional Requirements	449	(1)
§ 32.05 Admissions of Party-opponents: Overview	450	(1)
[A] Rationale	450	(1)
[B] Evidential and Judicial Admissions Distinguished	451	(1)
[C] Firsthand Knowledge and Opinion Rules	451	(1)
§ 32.06 Individual Admissions: FRE 801(d)(2)(A)	451	(2)
[A] Pleas of Guilty	452	(1)
[B] Confessions	452	(1)
[C] "Privity" Admissions	452	(1)
[D] "Declarations against Interest" Distinguished	453	(1)
§ 32.07 Adoptive Admissions: FRE 801(d)(2)(B)	453	(3)
[A] Adoption by Use	454	(1)
[B] Adoption by Silence	454	(1)
[C] Correspondence	455	(1)
§ 32.08 Authorized Admissions: FRE 801(d)(2)(C)	456	(1)
§ 32.09 Agent Admissions: FRE 801(d)(2)(D)	456	(4)
[A] Admissions by Police	458	(1)
[B] Admissions by Attorneys	459	(1)
[C] Admissions by Experts	460	(1)
§ 32.10 Co-conspirator Admissions: FRE 801(d)(2)(E)	460	(5)
[A] Proof of Conspiracy	462	(1)
[B] "During the Course" Requirement	462	(1)
[C] "In Furtherance" Requirement	463	(1)
[D] Procedure Issues	464	(1)
§ 32.11 Key Points	465	(4)
Chapter 33 HEARSAY EXCEPTIONS: FRE 803	469	(42)
§ 33.01 Introduction	469	(1)
§ 33.02 Rationale for Hearsay Exceptions	469	(1)
§ 33.03 Firsthand Knowledge and Opinion Rules	470	(1)
§ 33.04 Present Sense Impressions: FRE 803(1)	470	(2)
[A] Time Requirement	471	(1)
[B] Subject Matter Requirement	472	(1)
[C] Verification	472	(1)
§ 33.05 Excited Utterances: FRE 803(2)	472	(6)
[A] "Startling Event" Requirement	473	(1)
[B] "Under Stress" Requirement	474	(2)
[C] Declarants; "Unidentified" Declarants	476	(1)
[D] Subject Matter Requirement	477	(1)
[E] Present Sense Impressions Distinguished	477	(1)
§ 33.06 Present Mental Condition: FRE 803(3)	478	(5)
[A] To Prove a State of Mind that is a Material Fact	479	(1)
[B] To Prove Future Conduct: Hillmon Doctrine	480	(1)
[C] To Prove Past Conduct: Shepard v. United States	481	(2)
[1] Exception for Will Cases	482	(1)
§ 33.07 Present Physical Condition: FRE 803(3)	483	(1)
§ 33.08 Medical Treatment-Diagnosis: FRE 803(4)	483	(3)
[A] Subject Matter Requirement	484	(2)
[B] Statements to Nonphysician	486	(1)
§ 33.09 Recorded Recollection: FRE 803(5)	486	(3)
[A] Time Requirement	487	(1)
[B] Preparation Requirement; Joint Records	487	(1)
[C] Accuracy Requirement	488	(1)
[D] Memory Lapse Requirement	488	(1)
[E] Trial Use	488	(1)
§ 33.10 Business Records: FRE 803(6)	489	(5)
[A] Regular Practice; "Routine" Records	490	(1)
[B] Acts, Events, Conditions, Opinions, and Diagnoses	491	(1)
[C] Time Requirement	491	(1)
[D] Firsthand Knowledge	491	(1)
[E] Business Duty Requirement	492	(1)
[F] Lack of Trustworthiness Clause	493	(1)
[G] Foundation Requirements for Business Records	494	(1)
§ 33.11 Absence of Business Records: FRE 803(7)	494	(1)
§ 33.12 Public Records: FRE 803(8)	495	(5)
[A] Activities of Agency	496	(1)
[B] Matters Observed Per Legal Duty	496	(2)
[1] Police Records Exclusion	497	(1)
[2] Business Records	498	(1)
[3] Offered by Defense	498	(1)
[C] Investigative Reports	498	(2)
[D] Trustworthiness Clause	500	(1)
[E] Business Records Compared	500	(1)
§ 33.13 Absence of Public Records: FRE 803(10)	500	(1)
§ 33.14 Ancient Documents: FRE 803(16)	500	(1)
§ 33.15 Market Reports; Commercial Lists: FRE 803(17)	501	(1)
§ 33.16 Learned Treatises: FRE 803(18)	501	(1)
§ 33.17 Judgment of Previous Conviction: FRE 803(22)	502	(2)
§ 33.18 Other Exceptions	504	(1)
§ 33.19 Key Points	504	(7)
Chapter 34 HEARSAY EXCEPTIONS UNAVAILABLE DECLARANT: FRE 804	511	(22)
§ 34.01 Introduction	511	(1)
§ 34.02 Unavailability	511	(3)
[A] Claim of Privilege: FRE 804(a)(1)	512	(1)
[B] Refusal to Testify: FRE 804(a)(2)	512	(1)
[C] Lack of Memory: FRE 804(a)(3)	512	(1)
[D] Death or Illness: FRE 804(a)(4)	513	(1)
[E] Unable to Procure Testimony: FRE 804(a)(5)	513	(1)
§ 34.03 Former Testimony: FRE 804(b)(1)	514	(7)
[A] Type of Proceeding	515	(1)
[B] Opportunity to Examine	515	(1)
[C] "Against Whom" Requirement	516	(1)
[D] "Predecessor in Interest"	516	(2)
[E] "Similar Motive" Requirement	518	(2)
[F] Method of Proof	520	(1)
§ 34.04 Dying Declarations: FRE 804(b)(2)	521	(2)
[A] "Imminent Expectation of Death" Requirement	521	(1)
[B] Subject Matter Requirement	522	(1)
[C] Type of Case	522	(1)
§ 34.05 Statements against Interest: FRE 804(b)(3)	523	(5)
[A] "Against Interest" Requirement	524	(1)
[B] Declarations against Penal Interests	524	(2)
[1] Corroboration Requirement	525	(1)
[C] Collateral Statements	526	(1)
[D] Right of Confrontation	527	(1)
§ 34.06 Forfeiture by Wrongdoing: FRE 804(b)(6)	528	(1)
§ 34.07 Key Points	529	(4)
Chapter 35 RESIDUAL EXCEPTION: FRE 807	533	(6)
§ 35.01 Introduction	533	(1)
§ 35.02 Rationale	533	(1)
§ 35.03 "Equivalent Guarantee of Trustworthiness" Requirement	534	(2)
[A] "Near Miss" Issue	534	(1)
[B] Grand Jury Testimony	535	(1)
[C] Reliability Factors	535	(1)
§ 35.04 Best Available Evidence	536	(1)
§ 35.05 Notice	537	(1)
§ 35.06 Key Points	537	(2)
Chapter 36 RIGHT OF CONFRONTATION	539	(20)
§ 36.01 Introduction	539	(1)
§ 36.02 Right to be Present at Trial	539	(2)
[A] Forfeiture by Disruptive Behavior	540	(1)
[B] Forfeiture by Voluntary Absence	541	(1)
§ 36.03 Right to "Face-to-Face" Confrontation	541	(1)
§ 36.04 Right to Cross-examination	542	(3)
[A] Supreme Court Cases	543	(2)
[B] Fifth Amendment Conflicts	545	(1)
§ 36.05 Confrontation and Hearsay	545	(12)
[A] Available Declarant: Cross-examination at Trial	547	(1)
[B] Unavailable Declarant: Crawford v. Washington	547	(15)
[1] Scope of Crawford	550	(1)
[2] "Testimonial" Statements	551	(1)
[a] Definitions	551	(1)
[b] Types of Statements	552	(1)
[c] Hearsay Exceptions	554	(3)
[3] Nontestimonial Statements	557	(1)
§ 36.06 Key Points	557	(2)
Part G: Privileges
Chapter 37 PRIVILEGES: FRE 501	559	(12)
§ 37.01 Introduction	559	(1)
§ 37.02 Federal Rule 501	559	(3)
§ 37.03 Rationale for Privileges	562	(4)
[A] Instrumental Justification	563	(2)
[B] Privacy Rationale	565	(1)
§ 37.04 Source of Privileges	566	(1)
§ 37.05 Procedural Issues	566	(2)
[A] Standing to Assert and Waive Privileges	566	(1)
[B] Appeals	567	(1)
[C] Burden of Proof	567	(1)
[D] In Camera Inspection	567	(1)
[E] Comment on Exercise of a Privilege	568	(1)
§ 37.06 Choice of Law	568	(1)
§ 37.07 Key Points	569	(2)
Chapter 38 ATTORNEY-CLIENT PRIVILEGE	571	(26)
§ 38.01 Introduction	571	(1)
§ 38.02 Professional Responsibility Distinguished	572	(1)
§ 38.03 Holder	573	(1)
§ 38.04 Professional Relationship Requirement	573	(1)
§ 38.05 Communications Defined	574	(3)
[A] Documents	575	(1)
[B] Client Identity; Fee Arrangements	575	(1)
[C] Physical Evidence	576	(1)
[D] Attorney's Impressions of Client	577	(1)
§ 38.06 Confidentiality Requirement	577	(2)
[A] Presence of Third-parties	578	(1)
[B] Eavesdroppers	578	(1)
§ 38.07 Attorneys and Their Agents Defined	579	(3)
§ 38.08 Clients and Their Agents Defined	582	(2)
§ 38.09 Joint Defense Agreements	584	(1)
§ 38.10 Duration of the Privilege	584	(1)
§ 38.11 Exceptions	585	(3)
[A] Crime-Fraud Exception	585	(1)
[B] Joint Clients	586	(1)
[C] Breach of Duty by Attorney or Client	587	(1)
[D] Claimant through Same Deceased Client	587	(1)
[E] Document Attested by Lawyer	588	(1)
§ 38.12 Waiver	588	(3)
[A] Client's or Attorney's Testimony	588	(1)
[B] Placing the Communication in issue	589	(1)
[C] Voluntary Disclosure	589	(1)
[D] Inadvertent Waiver	590	(1)
§ 38.13 Procedural Issues	591	(1)
[A] Burden of Proof	591	(1)
[B] In Camera Hearings	591	(1)
§ 38.14 Work Product Privilege	591	(1)
§ 38.15 Key Points	592	(5)
Chapter 39 SPOUSAL AND FAMILY PRIVILEGES	597	(12)
§ 39.01 Introduction	597	(1)
§ 39.02 Spousal Testimonial Privilege	597	(4)
[A] Type of Case	598	(1)
[B] Scope and Duration of Privilege	598	(1)
[C] Holder	599	(1)
[D] Exceptions	600	(1)
[1] Crimes against Spouse or Child	600	(1)
[2] Joint Participation in Crime	600	(1)
[E] Waiver	601	(1)
[F] Procedural Issues	601	(1)
§ 39.03 Spousal Communication Privilege	601	(5)
[A] Type of Case	602	(1)
[B] Scope and Duration of Privilege	602	(1)
[C] Holder	603	(1)
[D] Communications and Acts	603	(1)
[E] Confidentiality	604	(1)
[F] Exceptions	605	(1)
[1] Crimes against Spouse or Child	605	(1)
[2] Joint Participation in Crime	605	(1)
[G] Waiver	605	(1)
§ 39.04 Parent-Child Privilege	606	(1)
§ 39.05 Key Points	607	(2)
Chapter 40 DOCTOR AND PSYCHOTHERAPIST PRIVILEGES	609	(12)
§ 40.01 Introduction	609	(1)
§ 40.02 Physician-Patient Privilege	609	(4)
[A] Holder	611	(1)
[B] Physician Defined	611	(1)
[C] Professional Relationship Requirement	611	(1)
[D] Communications	611	(1)
[E] Confidentiality	612	(1)
Exceptions	612	(1)
[G] Waiver	613	(1)
§ 40.03 Psychotherapist-Patient Privilege	613	(5)
[A] Holder	614	(1)
[B] Psychotherapist Defined	615	(1)
[C] Professional Relationship Requirement	615	(1)
[D] Communications	616	(1)
[E] Confidentiality	616	(1)
[F] Exceptions	616	(2)
[G] Waiver	618	(1)
[H] Procedural Issues	618	(1)
§ 40.04 Key Points	618	(3)
Chapter 41 OTHER PRIVATE PRIVILEGES	621	(8)
§ 41.01 Introduction	621	(1)
§ 41.02 Clergy-Penitent Privilege	621	(3)
§ 41.03 Journalist's Privilege	624	(2)
§ 41.04 Miscellaneous Privileges	626	(1)
§ 41.05 Key Points	626	(3)
Chapter 42 GOVERNMENTAL PRIVILEGES	629	(10)
§ 42.01 Introduction	629	(1)
§ 42.02 Informant's Privilege	629	(5)
[A] Holder	630	(1)
[B] Scope of Privilege	630	(1)
[C] Exceptions	630	(2)
[D] In Camera Proceedings	632	(1)
[E] Burden of Proof	633	(1)
[F] Supression Hearings	633	(1)
§ 42.03 Surveillance Location Privilege	634	(1)
§ 42.04 State Secrets and Executive Privilege	635	(1)
§ 42.05 Miscellaneous Governmental Privileges	636	(1)
§ 42.06 Key Points	637	(2)
Chapter 43 PRIVILEGE AGAINST SELF-INCRIMINATION	639	(12)
§ 43.01 Introduction	639	(1)
§ 43.02 "Compulsion" Requirement	639	(1)
§ 43.03 "Testimonial-Real" Evidence Distinction	640	(2)
§ 43.04 "Criminal Liability" Requirement	642	(2)
[A] Immunity	642	(2)
[1] Scope of Immunity	643	(1)
[2] Trial Use	643	(1)
§ 43.05 Accused's Privilege at Trial	644	(2)
[A] Comment Upon Failure to Testify	644	(2)
[B] Jury Instructions	646	(1)
§ 43.06 Other Witnesses Privilege at Trial	646	(2)
§ 43.07 Key Points	648	(3)
Part H: Substitutes for Evidence
Chapter 44 JUDICIAL NOTICE: FRE 201	651	(16)
§ 44.01 Introduction	651	(1)
§ 44.02 Adjudicative and Legislative Facts: FRE 201(a)	651	(3)
§ 44.03 Types of Facts Subject to Notice: FRE 201(b)	654	(5)
[A] Indisputability Requirement	654	(1)
[B] "Generally Known Facts"	655	(2)
[C] "Accurately and Readily Determinable" Facts	657	(2)
§ 44.04 Procedural Issues	659	(3)
[A] Discretionary and Mandatory Notice: FRE 201(c) and (d)	659	(1)
[B] Opportunity to be Heard: FRE 201(e)	659	(1)
[C] Time of Taking Judicial Notice: FRE 201(f)	660	(1)
[D] Jury Instructions: FRE 201(g)	661	(1)
§ 44.05 Criminal Cases	662	(1)
§ 44.06 Judicial Notice of Law	663	(1)
§ 44.07 Key Points	664	(3)
Chapter 45 STIPULATIONS	667	(6)
§ 45.01 Introduction	667	(1)
§ 45.02 Stipulations of Fact	668	(1)
§ 45.03 Stipulations of Expected Testimony	669	(1)
§ 45.04 Stipulations Concerning Procedural and Evidentiary Rules	670	(1)
§ 45.05 Enforceability of Stipulations	671	(1)
§ 45.06 Key Points	672	(1)
APPENDIX A FEDERAL RULES OF EVIDENCE	673	(34)
APPENDIX B TITLE 18 U.S.C. § 3509	707	(10)
APPENDIX C TITLE 18 U.S.C. § 3510	717	(2)
APPENDIX D TITLE 18 U.S.C. § 3771	719	(4)
APPENDIX E FRE PROPOSED AMENDMENTS	723
Table of Cases	TC-1
Index	I-1