Understanding Memory

by Ensley, Carolyn

• ISBN13: 9780199014989
• ISBN10: 0199014981
• Format: Paperback
• Copyright: 2020-03-02
• Publisher: Oxford University Press

Summary

The most engaging, comprehensive, and applied introduction to memory that relates the study of memory to everyday life.

Balancing theory and application, Understanding Memory provides an engaging and comprehensive understanding of human memory with a focus on current models of memory systems and how these models are relevant to our everyday lives.

Author Biography

Carolyn Ensley, Instructor, Wilfrid Laurier University

Carolyn Ensley has taught courses relating sensation and perception, cognition, history and learning at Wilfrid Laurier University since 2004 where she has a standing appointment in the department. She has an M.A. and Ph.D. in Psychology from the University of Waterloo and has an online instruction certification from Conestoga College. Her research interests are in the areas of cognition, perception and memory. Carolyn was responsible for creating the labs for Discovery Labs for Cognition and for the updated boxes in Chaudhuri, Fundamentals of Sensory Perception.

Table of Contents

NOTE: Each chapter includes
- Learning Objectives
- Chapter-Opening Vignette
- Chapter Review
- Memory Activity
- Questions
Key Figures
Part I: Part Name
1. The Study of Memory
Chapter-Opening Vignette: Total Recall?
What is Memory?
The History of the Study of Memory
Trends in Memory Research from 1890 to 1970
Early Research into the Neuroscience of Memory
The Cognitive Revolution
Key Events in Memory Research Following the Cognitive Revolution
Theoretical Approaches to Studying Memory
A Brief Introduction to the Neuroscience of Memory
Chapter Review
Memory Activity: Visualizations Help Memory
2. Sensory Persistence and Information Persistence
Chapter-Opening Vignette: Patient X: A Man with a Deficit in Auditory Sensory Memory
Sensory Memory
Information Persistence
The Neuroscience of Sensory Persistence and Information Persistence of Visual Information
Chapter Review
Memory Activity: Dispelling the Concept of Iconic Memory
3. Short-Term Memory and Working Memory
Chapter-Opening Vignette: Mental Calculators
Short-term Memory
Working Memory
The Neuroscience of Short-Term Memory and Working Memory
Working Memory and Emotional Regulation
Chapter Review
Memory Activity: Generate an Acronym
4. Long-Term Memory
Chapter-Opening Vignette: The Case of H.M. in More Detail
Long-term Memory
Hebbian Plasticity
The Neuroscience of Long-Term Potentiation
Revisiting the Role of the Hippocampus in Long-Term Memory
The Two-Stage Model of Memory
Multiple Trace Theory
Reconsolidation
What Happens in the Brain During Retrieval?
Summary
Chapter Review
Memory Activity: Using Cues to Self-Test
5. Explicit and Implicit Memory
Chapter-Opening Vignette: H.M. versus J.K.
The Implicit-Explicit Memory Distinction
The Neuroscience of Explicit and Implicit Memory
Studying Implicit Memory
Chapter Review
Memory Activity: Using the Link Method to Memorize a Neural Circuit
6. Episodic Memory and Autobiographical Memory
Chapter-Opening Vignette: Extreme Episodic Memory: Hyperthymesia
What is Episodic Memory?
The Neuroscience of Episodic Memory
Retrieving Episodic Memories
Phenomena Related to Episodic Memory
Episodic Memory is Distinct from Classical Conditioning
Autobiographical Memory
Conway's Model of Autobiographical Memory
The Neuroscience of Autobiographical Memory
Flashbulb Memories
Phenomena Related to Autobiographical Memory
Chapter Review
Memory Activity: Make a Table to Aid Your Memory
7. Generic Memory
Chapter-Opening Vignette: Ken Jennings: Extraordinary Recall for Ordinary Things
Introduction
Early Models of Generic Memory
The Compound Cue Model
The Hub-and-Spoke Model
The Neuroscience of Generic Memory
The Neuroscience of Concepts
Concepts and Categorization
Schemas and Scripts
How did Ken Jennings Conquer Jeopardy!?
Chapter Review
Memory Activity: Using a Rhyming Peg Word Mnemonic
8. Forgetting
Chapter-Opening Vignette: Forgetting Is a Good Thing
Introduction
The Seven Sins of Memory
The Time Course of Forgetting
Disruption in Consolidation as a Source of Forgetting
Early Models of Forgetting: Decay Theory and Interference Theory
The Neuroscience of Forgetting
Retrieval-Induced Forgetting
Motivated Forgetting
Summary
Chapter Review
Memory Activity: Remembering the Seven Sins of Memory
9. Memory across the Lifespan
Chapter-Opening Vignette: Jake Hausler
Introduction
Memory before Birth and Memory in Newborns
Infant Memory
Models of Memory Development
Memory in Childhood
Memory and Aging
The Neuroscience of the Aging Brain
Chapter Review
Memory Activity: Using Chunking to Help Remember Long Lists
10. Memory and Our Social Selves
Chapter-Opening Vignette: The Search for Bridey Murphy
Introduction
The Impact of Collaboration on Recall
The Effect of Conversational Remembering on Subsequent Memory
Implicit Memory and Social Behaviour
The Implicit-Association Test
Cognitive Dissonance and Its Influence on Autobiographical Memory
Chapter Review
Memory Activity: Remembering What Can Make Fake News Seem Believable
11. Memory and the Law
Chapter-Opening Vignette: Thomas Sophonow
Eyewitness Memory
Repressed Memory
Memory and False Confessions
Identification Procedures
New Approaches to Suspect Identification
Juries
Brain Fingerprinting
Summary
Chapter Review
Memory Activity: How Good Is Your Eyewitness Memory?
12. Memory and the Marketplace
Chapter-Opening Vignette: Scary Memories Sell Products
Memory and Advertising
Memory and Politics
Chapter Review
Memory Activity: Constructing More Effective Mnemonics
13. Memory, the Body, and Health
Chapter-Opening Vignette: Clive Wearing
Introduction
Dementia
Health Conditions That Can Lead to Memory Loss
Substances That Affect Memory
The Effect of Memory on Health and Healthcare
Chapter Review
Memory Activity: Remember the Causes of the Different Dementias
14. Exceptional Memory, Mnemonics, and Expertise
Chapter-Opening Vignette: Alex Mullen
Memory Athletes
A Demonstration of the Method of Loci
Testing Effects
Expertise
Chapter Review
Memory Activity: The Method of Loci
Glossary
References
Index