Understanding Microwaves

by Scott, Allan W.

• ISBN13: 9780471745334
• ISBN10: 0471745332
• Edition: 1st
• Format: Paperback
• Copyright: 2005-06-24
• Publisher: Wiley-Interscience

Summary

A complete and accessible introduction to the important field of microtechnology Understanding Microwaves covers all the important microwave terminology, devices, and systems, and provides an understanding of how everything fits together to make communications, navigation, and radar equipment. The text is geared toward engineers new to the microwave industry, as well as technicians, managers, and students. This field-tested book presents material the author has used in industrial training courses for thousands of students. It is easy to understand and avoids complex mathematics. With extensive exercises at the end of each chapter, and answers at the end of the book, it is suitable for self-study or as a text for industrial seminars and college courses. First, the coverage details the special language of microwaves. Then, it outlines all of the unique devices that are used in microwave equipment and explains how these types fit together to make a typical microwave system, describing what they do, how they work, and what their important performance characteristics are. Finally, the book covers all of the important types of microwave systems, including their structure, function, and applications. Understanding Microwaves is a complete introduction to this important field.

Author Biography

ALLAN W. SCOTT operates his own engineering consulting and training business. He received his BS in physics from Stanford University and MS in physics from Caltech. He has forty years' experience in the development and manufacture of microwave equipment for radar, missile guidance, electronic warfare, and satellite communications, including affiliations with Bell Labs, the U.S. Navy, Hughes Network Systems, Sylvania Electronics, and Teledyne Technologies. Mr. Scott has trained over 2,500 engineers and managers through his in-plant microwave seminars. He holds several patents, and has written two textbooks and many trade journal articles.

Table of Contents

PART I MICROWAVE FUNDAMENTALS
A Survey of Microwave Systems and Devices	3	(16)
The Relationship of Microwaves to Other Electronic Equipment	3	(2)
Microwave Systems	5	(1)
The Microwave Spectrum	6	(1)
Why Microwave Devices Are Needed	7	(2)
Basic Microwave System Design	9	(1)
Microwave Transmission Lines	10	(1)
Signal Control Components	11	(1)
Semiconductor Amplifiers and Oscillators	11	(1)
Microwave Tubes	12	(2)
Low Noise Microwave Receivers	14	(1)
Microwave Antennas	15	(4)
Annotated Bibliography	17	(1)
Exercises	17	(2)
Microwave Fields	19	(20)
Electric and Magnetic Fields	19	(2)
Electromagnetic Waves	21	(2)
Characteristics of Electromagnetic Waves	23	(6)
Microwaves in Transmission Lines	29	(6)
Skin Depth	35	(4)
Annotated Bibliography	36	(1)
Exercises	36	(3)
Microwave Power---dB and dBm	39	(14)
Microwave Power	39	(2)
dB Terminology	41	(3)
dBm Terminology	44	(1)
Equipment for Measuring Microwave Power	45	(8)
Annotated Bibliography	48	(1)
Exercises	48	(5)
Insertion Loss, Gain, and Return Loss	53	(20)
Insertion Loss	53	(3)
Insertion Loss of Components in Cascade	56	(1)
Gain	57	(1)
Cascaded Insertion Loss and Gain	58	(1)
Mismatches and Return Loss	59	(2)
Alternative Ways of Specifying Reflected Power	61	(4)
S-Parameters	65	(2)
Equipment for Measuring Insertion Loss and Return Loss	67	(6)
Annotated Bibliography	68	(1)
Exercises	69	(4)
Matching with the Smith Chart	73	(40)
Derivation of the Smith Chart	76	(5)
Plotting Mismatches on the Smith Chart	81	(5)
Matching Calculations with the Smith Chart	86	(5)
Moving toward the Load	91	(101)
Lumped Inductance in Series	192
Matching Elements in Parallel	94	(6)
Matching Stubs	100	(2)
Quarter-Wave Transformer	102	(4)
Lumped Elements in Combination	106	(1)
Selecting the Best Matching Technique	106	(7)
Annotated Bibliography	109	(1)
Exercises	109	(4)
PART II MICROWAVE DEVICES
Microwave Transmission Lines	113	(25)
Comparison of Transmission Lines	113	(9)
Guide Wavelength and Characteristic Impedance	122	(3)
Coaxial Cable	125	(1)
Waveguide	126	(1)
Stripline and Microstrip	126	(7)
Connectors and Adapters	133	(5)
Annotated Bibliography	134	(1)
Exercises	135	(3)
Microwave Signal Control Components	138	(34)
Microwave Semiconductors	138	(5)
Microwave Ferrites	143	(2)
Terminations	145	(1)
Directional Couplers	145	(4)
Combiners	149	(3)
Isolators and Circulators	152	(4)
Filters	156	(5)
Attenuators	161	(3)
Switches	164	(1)
Phase Shifters	165	(1)
Detectors	166	(6)
Annotated Bibliography	167	(1)
Exercises	168	(4)
Microwave Semiconductor Amplifiers	172	(41)
Amplifier Performance Characteristics	173	(6)
Types of Microwave Semiconductor Amplifiers	179	(1)
Bipolar Transistors	180	(8)
Field-Effect Transistors	188	(3)
HEMTs	191	(2)
Transistor Packaging and Mounting	193	(1)
S-Parameters	194	(4)
Transistor Biasing and Matching	198	(5)
IMPATT Amplifiers	203	(10)
Annotated Bibliography	206	(1)
Exercises	207	(6)
Microwave Oscillators	213	(25)
Oscillator Principles	213	(6)
Oscillator Performance Requirements	219	(4)
Fixed-Tuned and Mechanically Tuned Oscillators	223	(3)
Electronically Tuned Oscillators	226	(3)
Harmonic Multipliers	229	(1)
Phase-Locked Oscillators	230	(5)
Up-converters	235	(3)
Annotated Bibliography	236	(1)
Exercises	236	(2)
Low-Noise Receivers	238	(26)
The Significance of Low-Noise Receivers	238	(3)
Sources of Noise	241	(4)
Noise Units	245	(5)
Mixers	250	(7)
Low-Noise Transistors	257	(3)
Parametric Amplifiers	260	(4)
Annotated Bibliography	262	(1)
Exercises	263	(1)
Microwave Integrated Circuits	264	(18)
Types of Microwave Integrated Circuits	264	(2)
Hybrid Microwave Integrated Circuits	266	(1)
Microstrip Materials and Design	266	(3)
Microstrip Circuit Elements	269	(3)
Components Added after Microstrip Fabrication	272	(4)
Mounting and Packaging	276	(1)
Monolithic Microwave Integrated Circuits	277	(5)
Annotated Bibliography	280	(1)
Exercises	280	(2)
Microwave Tubes	282	(36)
Advantages and Disadvantages	282	(3)
Comparison	285	(3)
Gridded Tubes	288	(4)
Klystrons	292	(8)
Traveling Wave Tubes	300	(7)
Crossed-Field Amplifiers	307	(6)
Magnetrons	313	(2)
High Power Microwave Tubes	315	(3)
Annotated Bibliography	315	(1)
Exercises	315	(3)
Microwave Antennas	318	(23)
Requirements	318	(3)
Types	321	(3)
Arrays	324	(3)
Parabolic	327	(4)
Phased Array	331	(10)
Annotated Bibliography	336	(1)
Exercises	336	(5)
PART III MICROWAVE SYSTEMS
Introduction to Microwave Systems	341	(31)
Spectrum Analysis of Electronic Signals	341	(2)
Communication System Signals	343	(8)
Signal-to-Noise Requirements	351	(1)
Pulse Code Modulation	352	(7)
Baseband Signals	359	(1)
Transmission Systems	359	(3)
Modulation	362	(5)
Carrier Modulation with Digital Baseband Signals	367	(5)
Annotated Bibliography	368	(1)
Exercises	369	(3)
Microwave Relay	372	(24)
Introduction	372	(2)
Block Diagrams	374	(7)
Antennas	381	(3)
Path Loss Calculations	384	(6)
Diversity Systems	390	(1)
Diffraction and Troposcatter Systems	390	(3)
Wireless Local Area Networks	393	(3)
Annotated Bibliography	394	(1)
Exercises	394	(2)
Satellite Communications	396	(24)
Introduction	396	(9)
Path Loss Calculations (ERP and G/T)	405	(2)
International Satellites	407	(1)
Domestic Satellites	408	(5)
Ship-to-Shore Communication by Satellite	413	(1)
Direct Broadcast Satellites	414	(1)
Comparison of Communication Satellites	415	(2)
Remote-Sensing Satellites	417	(3)
Annotated Bibliography	418	(1)
Exercises	418	(2)
Radar Systems	420	(34)
Introduction	420	(1)
Velocity Measurement	421	(4)
Range Measurement	425	(1)
Combined Range and Velocity Measurement	426	(10)
Angle Measurement	436	(2)
Techniques to Improve Angular Resolution	438	(6)
Phased Array Radar	444	(2)
Block Diagrams	446	(3)
The Radar Equation	449	(5)
Annotated Bibliography	451	(1)
Exercises	451	(3)
Electronic Warfare Systems	454	(17)
Introduction	454	(2)
Stealth	456	(1)
Antiradiation Missiles	457	(1)
Chaff and Decoys	458	(1)
Noise Jamming	458	(2)
Deceptive Jamming	460	(8)
Electronic Counter-Countermeasures	468	(3)
Annotated Bibliography	468	(1)
Exercises	469	(2)
Navigation and Other Microwave Systems	471	(11)
Global Positioning System	471	(3)
Cellular Telephones	474	(3)
Microwave Ovens	477	(1)
Medical Applications of Microwaves	478	(2)
Scientific Applications of Microwaves	480	(2)
Annotated Bibliography	481	(1)
Exercises	481	(1)
Exercise Answers	482	(57)
Index	539