Unix and Shell Programming

by Forouzan, Behrouz A.; Gilberg, Richard F.

• ISBN13: 9780534951597
• ISBN10: 0534951597
• Format: Paperback
• Copyright: 2002-02-01
• Publisher: Course Technology Ptr

Table of Contents

PART I
Introduction	3	(38)
Why UNIX?	3	(1)
Portable	3	(1)
Multiuser	3	(1)
Multitasking	3	(1)
Networking	4	(1)
Organized File System	4	(1)
Device Independence	4	(1)
Utilities	4	(1)
Services	4	(1)
Computer System	4	(2)
Hardware	5	(1)
Software	5	(1)
The Operating System	6	(1)
The UNIX Environment	6	(2)
Personal Environment	6	(1)
Time-Sharing Environment	7	(1)
Client/Server Environment	7	(1)
UNIX Structure	8	(2)
The Kernel	8	(1)
The Shell	8	(1)
Utilities	9	(1)
Applications	10	(1)
Accessing UNIX	10	(3)
User ID	10	(1)
Passwords	10	(1)
Interactive Session	11	(2)
Commands	13	(2)
Basic Concepts	13	(2)
Common Commands	15	(9)
Date and Time (date) Command	15	(2)
Calendar (cal) Command	17	(1)
Who's Online (who) Command	18	(2)
whoami	20	(1)
Change Password (passwd) Command	20	(1)
Print Message (echo) Command	21	(1)
Online Documentation (man) Command	22	(1)
Print (lpr) Command	23	(1)
Other Useful Commands	24	(8)
Terminal (tty) Command	24	(1)
Clear Screen (clear) Command	25	(1)
Set Terminal (stty) Command	25	(2)
Record Session (script) Command	27	(1)
System Name (uname) Command	28	(1)
Calculator (bc) Command	29	(3)
Key Terms	32	(1)
Tips	32	(1)
Commands	33	(1)
Summary	34	(1)
Practice Set	35	(2)
Review Questions	35	(1)
Exercises	36	(1)
Lab Sessions	37	(4)
Basic vi Editor	41	(24)
Editor Concepts	41	(1)
Line Editors	41	(1)
Screen Editors	41	(1)
The vi Editor	42	(1)
Modes	42	(2)
Command Mode	43	(1)
Text Mode	43	(1)
Changing Modes	43	(1)
Commands	44	(11)
Add Commands	44	(2)
Cursor Move Commands	46	(4)
Deletion Commands	50	(1)
Join Command	50	(1)
Scrolling Commands	51	(2)
Undo Commands	53	(1)
Saving and Exit Commands	54	(1)
Two Practice Sessions	55	(2)
Key Terms	57	(1)
Tips	57	(1)
Commands	57	(1)
Summary	58	(2)
Practice Set	60	(2)
Review Questions	60	(1)
Exercises	60	(2)
Lab Sessions	62	(3)
File Systems	65	(56)
Filenames	65	(3)
Wildcards	66	(2)
File Types	68	(1)
Regular Files	69	(1)
Text Files	69	(1)
Binary Files	69	(1)
Directories	70	(5)
Special Directories	70	(1)
Paths and Pathnames	71	(1)
Relative Pathname Abbreviations	72	(3)
File System Implementation	75	(5)
File Systems	76	(1)
Directory Contents	77	(1)
Links	77	(3)
Operations Unique to Directories	80	(9)
Locate Directory (pwd) Command	80	(1)
List Directory (ls) Command	81	(5)
Make Directory (mkdir) Command	86	(2)
Change Directory (cd) Command	88	(1)
Remove Directory (rmdir) Command	89	(1)
Operations Unique to Regular Files	89	(4)
Create File	89	(1)
Edit File	89	(1)
Display File (more) Command	90	(2)
Print File	92	(1)
Operations Common to Both	93	(19)
Copy (cp) Command	93	(7)
Move (mv) Command	100	(2)
Rename (mv) Command	102	(1)
Link (ln) Command	102	(4)
Remove (rm) Command	106	(6)
Key Terms	112	(1)
Tips	112	(1)
Commands	113	(1)
Summary	114	(1)
Practice Set	115	(4)
Review Questions	115	(1)
Exercises	116	(3)
Lab Sessions	119	(2)
Security and File Permission	121	(22)
Users and Groups	121	(1)
Group (groups) Command	121	(1)
Security Levels	122	(4)
System Security	122	(1)
Permission Codes	123	(3)
Checking Permissions	126	(1)
Changing Permissions	126	(5)
Symbolic Codes	127	(1)
Octal Codes	128	(2)
Option	130	(1)
User Masks	131	(1)
Basic Concept	131	(1)
User Mask (umask) Command	132	(1)
Changing Ownership and Group	132	(2)
Change Ownership (chown) Command	133	(1)
Change Group (chgrp) Command	133	(1)
Key Terms	134	(1)
Commands	134	(1)
Tips	135	(1)
Summary	135	(1)
Practice Sets	136	(4)
Review Questions	136	(2)
Exercises	138	(2)
Lab Sessions	140	(3)
Introduction to Shells	143	(58)
UNIX Session	144	(2)
Login Shell Verification	145	(1)
Current Shell Verification	145	(1)
Shell Relationships	145	(1)
Logout	146	(1)
Standard Streams	146	(1)
Redirection	147	(4)
Redirecting Input	147	(1)
Redirecting Output	148	(1)
Redirecting Errors	149	(2)
Pipes	151	(2)
tee Command	153	(1)
Command Execution	154	(2)
Sequenced Commands	155	(1)
Grouped Commands	155	(1)
Chained Commands	156	(1)
Conditional Commands	156	(1)
Command-Line Editing	156	(3)
Command-Line Editing Concept	157	(1)
Editor Selection	157	(1)
vi Command-Line Editor	157	(2)
Using the Command-Line Editor	159	(1)
Quotes	159	(5)
Backslash	160	(1)
Double Quotes	161	(2)
Single Quotes	163	(1)
Command Substitution	164	(1)
Job Control	165	(5)
Jobs	165	(1)
Foreground and Background Jobs	165	(3)
jobs Command	168	(2)
Process ID	170	(1)
Aliases	170	(6)
Aliases in the Korn and Bash Shells	171	(3)
Aliases in the C Shell	174	(2)
Alias Summary	176	(1)
Variables	176	(2)
User-Defined Variables	176	(1)
Predefined Variables	177	(1)
Storing Data in Variables	177	(1)
Accessing a Variable	178	(1)
Predefined Variables	178	(5)
Handling Variables	181	(2)
Options	183	(2)
Handling Options	184	(1)
Shell/Environment Customization	185	(3)
Temporary Customization	185	(1)
Permanent Customization	185	(2)
Summary	187	(1)
Key Terms	188	(1)
Tips	188	(1)
Commands	189	(2)
Summary	191	(1)
Practice Set	192	(5)
Review Questions	192	(1)
Exercises	193	(4)
Lab Sessions	197	(4)
Filters	201	(56)
Filters and Pipes	202	(1)
Concatenating Files	202	(5)
Catenate (cat) Command	202	(3)
cat Options	205	(2)
Display Beginning and End of Files	207	(3)
head Command	207	(1)
tail Command	208	(2)
Cut and Paste	210	(7)
cut Command	210	(4)
paste Command	214	(3)
Sorting	217	(13)
sort Command	217	(1)
Sort by Lines	217	(2)
Sort by Fields	219	(3)
Options	222	(5)
Multiple-Pass Sorting	227	(3)
Translating Characters	230	(3)
tr Command	230	(1)
Simple Translate	230	(1)
Nonmatching Translate Strings	231	(1)
Delete Characters	231	(1)
Squeeze Output	231	(1)
Complement	232	(1)
Files with Duplicate Lines	233	(4)
uniq Command	233	(1)
Output Format	234	(2)
Skip Leading Fields	236	(1)
Skip Leading Characters	236	(1)
Count Characters, Words, or Lines	237	(1)
wc Command	237	(1)
Comparing Files	238	(6)
Compare (cmp) Command	238	(2)
Difference (diff) Command	240	(3)
Common (comm) Command	243	(1)
Key Terms	244	(1)
Tips	244	(1)
Commands	245	(1)
Summary	246	(1)
Practice Set	247	(5)
Review Questions	247	(1)
Exercises	248	(4)
Lab Sessions	252	(5)
Communications	257	(34)
User Communication	257	(5)
talk Command	257	(3)
write Command	260	(2)
Electronic Mail	262	(14)
Mail Addresses	262	(3)
Mail Mode	265	(1)
mail Command	265	(1)
Send Mail	265	(5)
Read Mode	270	(5)
Read Mail Options	275	(1)
Mail Files	275	(1)
Remote Access	276	(3)
The telnet Concept	276	(2)
Connecting to the Remote Host	278	(1)
File Transfer	279	(3)
The ftp Command	279	(1)
Establishing ftp Connection	280	(1)
Closing an ftp Connection	280	(1)
Transferring Files	281	(1)
Key Terms	282	(1)
Commands	283	(1)
Tips	283	(1)
Summary	284	(1)
Practice Set	285	(2)
Review Questions	285	(1)
Exercises	286	(1)
Lab Sessions	287	(4)
vi and ex	291	(40)
vi Editor	292	(1)
Commands	292	(1)
Command Categories	293	(1)
Local Commands in vi	293	(6)
Insert Text Commands (i, I)	293	(1)
Append Text Commands (a, A)	293	(1)
Newline Commands (o, O)	294	(1)
Replace Text Commands (r, R)	294	(1)
Substitute Text Commands (s, S)	295	(1)
Delete Character Commands (x, X)	295	(1)
Mark Text Command (m)	296	(1)
Change Case Command (~)	296	(1)
Put Commands (p, P)	297	(1)
Join Command (J)	298	(1)
Range Commands in vi	299	(8)
Text Object	299	(5)
Text Object Commands	304	(2)
Yank Command	306	(1)
Range Command Summary	307	(1)
Global Commands in vi	307	(2)
Scroll Commands	307	(1)
Undo Commands	307	(1)
Repeat Command	308	(1)
Screen Regeneration Commands	308	(1)
Display Document Status Line	308	(1)
Save and Exit Commands	309	(1)
Rearrange Text in vi	309	(2)
Move Text	309	(1)
Copy Text	309	(1)
Named Buffers	310	(1)
ex Editor	311	(9)
ex Instruction Format	311	(1)
Addresses	312	(4)
Commands	316	(4)
Key Terms	320	(1)
Tips	320	(1)
Commands	321	(2)
Summary	323	(1)
Practice Set	324	(2)
Review Questions	324	(1)
Exercises	325	(1)
Lab Sessions	326	(5)
Regular Expressions	331	(20)
Atoms	331	(4)
Single Character	332	(1)
Dot	332	(1)
Class	333	(1)
Anchors	334	(1)
Back References	335	(1)
Operators	335	(8)
Sequence	335	(2)
Alternation	337	(1)
Repetition	337	(4)
Group Operator	341	(1)
Save	342	(1)
Key Terms	343	(1)
Tips	343	(1)
Summary	344	(1)
Practice Set	344	(7)
Review Questions	344	(1)
Exercises	345	(6)
grep	351	(22)
Operation	351	(3)
grep Flowchart	352	(1)
grep Operation Example	352	(2)
grep Family	354	(5)
grep	355	(1)
Fast grep	356	(1)
Extended grep	356	(3)
Examples	359	(3)
Searching for File Content	362	(2)
Search a Specific Directory	362	(1)
Search All Directories in a Path	363	(1)
Key Terms	364	(1)
Tips	364	(1)
Commands	365	(1)
Summary	365	(1)
Practice Set	366	(2)
Review Questions	366	(1)
Exercises	366	(2)
Lab Sessions	368	(5)
sed	373	(52)
Scripts	373	(2)
Script Formats	374	(1)
Instruction Format	374	(1)
Comments	374	(1)
Operation	375	(2)
Addresses	377	(4)
Single-Line Addresses	378	(1)
Set-of-Line Addresses	379	(1)
Range Addresses	380	(1)
Nested Addresses	381	(1)
Commands	381	(25)
Line Number Command	381	(1)
Modify Commands	382	(4)
Substitute Command (s)	386	(5)
Substitute Flags	391	(2)
Transform Command (y)	393	(1)
Input and Output Commands	394	(5)
File Commands	399	(2)
Branch Commands	401	(3)
Hold Space Commands	404	(1)
Quit	405	(1)
Applications	406	(3)
Delete Lines	406	(2)
Delete Text	408	(1)
grep and sed	409	(2)
Lines That Match a Regular Expression	409	(1)
Lines That Do Not Match a Regular Expression	410	(1)
Key Terms	411	(1)
Tips	411	(1)
Commands	412	(1)
Summary	413	(1)
Practice Set	414	(7)
Review Questions	414	(2)
Exercises	416	(5)
Lab Sessions	421	(4)
awk	425	(74)
Execution	425	(1)
Fields and Records	426	(2)
Buffers and Variables	426	(1)
Variables	427	(1)
Scripts	428	(1)
Initialization Processing (BEGIN)	428	(1)
Body Processing	429	(1)
End Processing (END)	429	(1)
Operation	429	(2)
Patterns	431	(7)
Simple Patterns	432	(4)
Nothing (No Pattern)	436	(1)
Range Patterns	436	(2)
Actions	438	(15)
Expression Statement	439	(1)
Output Statements	440	(4)
Decision Statements	444	(2)
Control Actions	446	(3)
Loops	449	(4)
Associative Arrays	453	(6)
Processing Arrays	454	(5)
Delete Array Entry	459	(1)
String Functions	459	(8)
Length	460	(1)
Index	460	(1)
Substring	461	(2)
Split	463	(1)
Substitution	464	(1)
Global Substitution	465	(1)
Match	466	(1)
Toupper and Tolower	466	(1)
Mathematical Functions	467	(1)
User-Defined Functions	468	(1)
Using System Commands in awk	469	(3)
Using Pipes	469	(2)
Using the System Function	471	(1)
Applications	472	(3)
Phone List	472	(1)
Count Lines and Words	473	(1)
Print Line Following a Blank Line	473	(1)
Print Line Before a Blank Line	474	(1)
Merge Files	474	(1)
awk and grep	475	(2)
Find the Line That Matches a Regular Expression	475	(1)
Find the Line That Does Not Match a Regular Expression	476	(1)
sed and awk	477	(4)
Print Line Numbers	477	(1)
Modify a Line	478	(1)
Substitute	479	(1)
Transform	479	(1)
Input/Output	480	(1)
Files	480	(1)
Branch	480	(1)
Quit	480	(1)
Key Terms	481	(1)
Tips	481	(1)
Commands	482	(1)
Summary	483	(1)
Practice Set	484	(4)
Review Questions	484	(2)
Exercises	486	(2)
Lab Sessions	488	(11)
PART II
Interactive Korn Shell	499	(48)
Korn Shell Features	499	(3)
Korn Shell Sessions	499	(1)
Standard Streams	499	(1)
Redirection	499	(1)
Pipes	500	(1)
tee Command	500	(1)
Combining Commands	501	(1)
Command-Line Editing	501	(1)
Quotes	501	(1)
Command Substitution	501	(1)
Job Control	501	(1)
Aliases	502	(1)
Two Special Files	502	(2)
Trash File (/dev/null)	502	(1)
Terminal File (/dev/tty)	503	(1)
Variables	504	(10)
User-Defined Variables	504	(1)
Predefined Variables	505	(1)
Storing Values in Variables	505	(1)
Accessing the Value of a Variable	506	(1)
Null Variables	507	(1)
Unsetting a Variable	508	(1)
Storing Filenames	508	(1)
Storing File Contents	508	(1)
Storing Commands in a Variable	509	(1)
Read-Only Variables	509	(1)
Exporting Variables	510	(2)
Variable Attribute: The typeset Command	512	(2)
Output	514	(2)
Input	516	(2)
Reading Word by Word	517	(1)
Reading Line by Line	517	(1)
Reading from a File	518	(1)
Exit Status of a Command	518	(1)
eval Command	519	(2)
Environmental Variables	521	(7)
Change Directory Path (CDPATH)	522	(1)
History File Path (HISTFILE)	522	(1)
Home Path (HOME)	523	(1)
Login Name (LOGNAME)	523	(1)
Mailbox Pathname (MAIL)	523	(1)
Mail Check Interval (MAILCHECK)	524	(1)
Incoming Mail Paths (MAILPATH)	524	(1)
Directory Search Paths (PATH)	524	(1)
Primary Prompt (PSI)	524	(2)
Secondary Prompt (PS2)	526	(1)
Third Prompt (PS3)	526	(1)
Fourth Prompt (PS4)	526	(1)
User Input Default Variable (REPLY)	526	(1)
Login Shell Path (SHELL)	527	(1)
Terminal Description (TERM)	527	(1)
Handling Environmental Variables	527	(1)
Options	528	(2)
Export All (allexport)	528	(1)
Command-Line Editor (emacs and vi)	528	(1)
Ignore End-of File (ignoreeof)	529	(1)
No Clobber in Redirection (noclobber)	529	(1)
No Execute (noexec)	529	(1)
No Global (noglob)	529	(1)
Verbosity (verbose)	529	(1)
Execute Trace (xtrace)	530	(1)
Handling Options	530	(1)
Startup Scripts	530	(2)
System Profile File	530	(1)
Personal Profile File	531	(1)
Environment File	531	(1)
Startup Process	532	(1)
Command History	532	(4)
History File	532	(1)
History Command	533	(2)
Redo Command (r)	535	(1)
Substitution in Redo Command	536	(1)
Command Execution Process	536	(1)
Execution Steps	536	(1)
Command Execution Example	537	(1)
Key Terms	537	(1)
Tips	538	(1)
Commands	539	(1)
Summary	540	(1)
Practice Set	541	(3)
Review Questions	541	(1)
Exercises	542	(2)
Lab Sessions	544	(3)
Korn Shell Programming	547	(70)
Basic Script Concepts	547	(8)
Script Components	547	(2)
Making Scripts Executable	549	(1)
Executing the Script	549	(4)
Script Termination (exit Command)	553	(1)
Arguments and Positional Parameters	554	(1)
Expressions	555	(7)
Mathematical Expressions	556	(1)
Relational Expressions	557	(2)
File Expressions	559	(1)
Logical Expressions	560	(2)
Expression Type Summary	562	(1)
Decisions: Making Selections	562	(9)
if-then-else	562	(5)
Multiway Selection	567	(4)
Repetition	571	(14)
Command-Controlled and List-Controlled Loops	571	(9)
Background Loops	580	(1)
Loop Redirection	580	(5)
Special Parameters and Variables	585	(4)
Special Parameters	585	(3)
Special Variables	588	(1)
Special Parameter and Variable Summary	588	(1)
Changing Positional Parameters	589	(4)
shift Command	591	(2)
Argument Validation	593	(4)
Number of Arguments Validation	593	(1)
Type of Argument Validation	594	(3)
Debugging Scripts	597	(4)
Debug Options Included in the Script	597	(1)
Debug Options on the Command Line	598	(3)
Script Examples	601	(3)
Cat	601	(2)
Copy	603	(1)
Key Terms	604	(1)
Tips	605	(1)
Commands	605	(2)
Summary	607	(1)
Practice Set	608	(5)
Review Questions	608	(1)
Exercises	609	(4)
Lab Sessions	613	(4)
Korn Shell Advanced Programming	617	(54)
Variable Evaluation and Substitution	617	(5)
Variable Evaluation	617	(1)
Variable Substitution	618	(4)
String Manipulation	622	(6)
Compress Strings	622	(1)
String Length	623	(1)
Locating a Substring in a String	624	(1)
Extract Substring	625	(1)
Stripping Strings	626	(1)
Using Other Utilities	627	(1)
Here Document	628	(1)
Functions	629	(6)
Writing Functions	629	(2)
Returning Values	631	(1)
Comparing Strings	632	(1)
Functions in Files	633	(2)
Arrays	635	(1)
Signals	636	(3)
Signal Types	636	(1)
Response to Signals	637	(1)
trap Command	638	(1)
Built-in Commands	639	(2)
Sleep Command	640	(1)
Dot Command	641	(1)
Scripting Techniques	641	(14)
Reading Strings	641	(1)
User Interaction	642	(2)
Parsing Options	644	(4)
Parsing Pathnames	648	(3)
Opening and Closing Files	651	(4)
Shell Environment and Script	655	(1)
Script Examples	656	(5)
Calculate	656	(2)
Reverse	658	(1)
Add Column	659	(2)
Key Terms	661	(1)
Tips	661	(1)
Commands	662	(1)
Summary	663	(1)
Practice Set	664	(2)
Review Questions	664	(1)
Exercises	665	(1)
Lab Sessions	666	(5)
Interactive C Shell	671	(44)
C Shell Features	671	(5)
C Shell Sessions	671	(1)
Standard Streams	671	(1)
Redirection	671	(1)
Pipes	672	(1)
tee Command	672	(1)
Combining Commands	673	(1)
Command-Line Editing	673	(1)
Quotes	673	(1)
Command Substitution	673	(1)
Job Control	674	(1)
Aliases in the C Shell	674	(2)
Two Special Files	676	(3)
Trash File (/dev/null)	676	(1)
Terminal File (/dev/tty)	677	(2)
Variables	679	(7)
User-Defined Variables	679	(1)
Predefined Variables	679	(1)
Storing Values in Variables	680	(1)
Accessing the Value of a Variable	681	(1)
Null Variables	681	(1)
Unsetting a Variable	682	(1)
Storing Filenames	682	(1)
Storing File Contents	683	(1)
Storing Commands in a Variable	683	(1)
Exporting Variables	684	(2)
Output	686	(2)
Input	688	(1)
Reading Line by Line	688	(1)
Reading Word by Word	688	(1)
Exit Status of a Command	688	(1)
eval Command	689	(1)
Environmental Variables	690	(5)
Handling Environmental Variables	694	(1)
On-Off Variables	695	(2)
Handling On-Off Variables	697	(1)
Startup and Shutdown Scripts	697	(2)
System Startup Files	698	(1)
Personal Startup Files	698	(1)
Startup Process	698	(1)
Shutdown Files	698	(1)
Command History	699	(5)
History File	699	(1)
History Command	699	(1)
Reexecuting Previous Commands	700	(1)
Substitute and Reexecute	701	(1)
Using Arguments from Previous Command	702	(1)
History Modifier	702	(1)
Pathname Modifier	703	(1)
History Command Summary	703	(1)
Command Execution Scripts	704	(2)
Execution Steps	704	(1)
Command Execution Example	705	(1)
Key Terms	706	(1)
Tips	706	(1)
Commands	707	(1)
Summary	707	(2)
Practice Set	709	(2)
Review Questions	709	(1)
Exercises	710	(1)
Lab Sessions	711	(4)
C Shell Programming	715	(54)
Basic Script Concepts	715	(8)
Script Components	715	(2)
Making Scripts Executable	717	(1)
Executing the Script	717	(4)
Script Termination (exit Command)	721	(1)
Arguments and Positional Parameters	722	(1)
Expressions	723	(5)
Mathematical Expressions	724	(1)
Relational Expressions	725	(1)
File Expressions	726	(1)
Logical Expressions	727	(1)
Decisions: Making Selections	728	(8)
if then-else	728	(4)
Multiway Selection	732	(4)
Repetition	736	(6)
C Shell Loops	736	(6)
Special Parameters	742	(2)
Script Name ($0)	743	(1)
Number of Arguments ($#argv)	743	(1)
All Parameters ($argv)	743	(1)
Special Parameter Summary	744	(1)
Changing Positional Parameters	744	(3)
shift Command	746	(1)
Argument Validation	747	(5)
Number of Arguments Validation	748	(1)
Type of Argument Validation	749	(3)
Debugging Scripts	752	(4)
Debug Options Included in the Script	752	(1)
Debug Options on the Command Line	753	(3)
Script Examples	756	(2)
Copy	756	(2)
Key Terms	758	(1)
Tips	758	(1)
Commands	759	(1)
Summary	760	(1)
Practice Set	761	(3)
Review Questions	761	(1)
Exercises	761	(3)
Lab Sessions	764	(5)
C Shell Advanced Programming	769	(30)
Variable Evaluation	769	(1)
String Manipulation	769	(3)
Compress Strings	770	(1)
Using Other Utilities	771	(1)
Here Document	772	(1)
Signals	773	(2)
Signal Types	773	(1)
Response to Signals	774	(1)
On Interrupt Command	774	(1)
Built-in Commands	775	(2)
Sleep Command	776	(1)
Source Command	777	(1)
Scripting Techniques	777	(3)
Reading Strings	778	(1)
User Interaction	778	(1)
Parsing Pathnames	779	(1)
Shell Environment and Script	780	(1)
Arrays	781	(3)
Creating an Array	782	(1)
Parsing Input	783	(1)
Script Examples	784	(6)
Simulate find Command	784	(2)
General Ledger System	786	(3)
Eliminate Duplicates	789	(1)
Key Terms	790	(1)
Tips	790	(1)
Commands	791	(1)
Summary	791	(1)
Practice Set	792	(1)
Review Questions	792	(1)
Exercises	792	(1)
Lab Sessions	793	(6)
Appendix A ASCII Table	799	(5)
Appendix B A Short History	804	(3)
B.1 The Early Years	804	(1)
B.2 The Modern Era	804	(1)
B.3 Descendants of System V and BSD4	805	(1)
B.4 POSIX	806	(1)
Appendix C emacs	807	(14)
C.1 Loading the File	807	(2)
C.2 Editing the Text	809	(7)
C.3 Saving and Leaving emacs	816	(1)
C.4 Miscellaneous Command	817	(4)
Appendix D Numbering Systems	821	(5)
D.1 Computer Numbering Systems	821	(3)
D.2 Integer Transformations	824	(2)
Appendix E Predefined Variables	826	(2)
Appendix F UNIX Commands	828	(8)
Appendix G Shell Metacharacters	836	(1)
Appendix H Korn and C Shell Differences	837	(7)
H.1 Variables	837	(1)
H.2 Command-Line Editing	837	(1)
H.3 Command Substitution	838	(1)
H.4 Aliases	838	(1)
H.5 Input/Output	838	(1)
H.6 Environmental Variables	839	(1)
H.7 Startup Files	839	(1)
H.8 Shutdown Files	839	(1)
H.9 Options and On-Off Variables	840	(1)
H.10 History	840	(1)
H.11 Parameters	840	(1)
H.12 Special Variables	841	(1)
H.13 Expressions	841	(1)
H.14 Selection	841	(1)
H.15 Repetition	842	(1)
H.16 Arrays	843	(1)
H.17 Functions	843	(1)
Glossary	844