Use of Proxies in Paleoceanography

by Fischer, Gerhard; Wefer, Gerold

• ISBN13: 9783540663409
• ISBN10: 3540663401
• Format: Hardcover
• Copyright: 1999-10-01
• Publisher: Springer Verlag

Summary

The book is on methods of reconstruction of past climate, climate changes, oceanography of the South Atlantic (including the Southern Ocean) and the cycling of biochemical components in the ocean. Information about past ocean conditions is provided by so-called paleoceanographic proxies (parameters with approximate unobservable environmental variables, e.g. surface water temperature). Use of proxies and their development has been a major theme of the Collaborative Research Project at the University of Bremen for almost 10 years. In this volume we summarize our results in relation to these proxy studies. Each chapter gives an overview of a specific proxy, provides particular findings obtained in the South Atlantic and ends with an outlook on future perspectives with respect to the proxy described. Therefore it is suitable for lecturers, graduate students and scientists working in the field of climate reconstruction from ocean sediments.

Table of Contents

Introduction
Clues to Ocean History: a Brief Overview of Proxies	1	(68)
Wefer G.
W.H. Berger
J. Bijma
G. Fischer
Surface Water Circulation
Temperature
Sea-Surface Temperature Estimations Using a Modern Analog Technique with Foraminiferal Assemblages from Western Atlantic Quaternary Sediments	69	(22)
Hale W.
U. Pflaumann
The Distribution of Living Planktic Foraminifera in Relation to Southeast Atlantic Oceanography	91	(26)
Kemle-von Mucke S.
H. Oberhansli
Coccolithophores as Indicators of Ocean Water Masses, Surface-Water Temperature, and Paleoproductivity - Examples from the South Atlantic	117	(28)
Baumann K.-H.
M. Cepek
H. Kinkel
Calcareous Dinoflagellate Cysts as Paleo-Environmental Tools	145	(20)
Zonneveld K.A.F.
C. Holl
D. Janofske
B. Karwath
B. Kerntopf
C. Ruhlemann
H. Willems
Oxygen Isotope Values of Planktic Foraminifera: A Tool for the Reconstruction of Surface Water Stratification	165	(26)
Niebler H.-S.
H.-W. Hubberten
R. Gersonde
Stable Isotopes of Pteropod Shells as Recorders of Sub-Surface Water Conditions: Comparison to the Record of G. ruber and to Measured Values	191	(16)
Fischer G.
M. Kalberer
B. Donner
G. Wefer
Salinity
On the Reconstruction of Paleosalinities	207	(22)
Wolff T.
B. Grieger
W. Hale
A Durkoop
S. Mulitza
J. Patzold
G. Wefer
Bottom-and Deep Water Circulation
Stable Carbon Isotopes in Benthic Foraminifera: Proxies for Deep and Bottom Water Circulation and New Production	229	(26)
Mackensen A.
T. Bickert
Carbonate Dissolution in the Deep-Sea: Methods, Quantification and Paleoceanographic Application	255	(30)
Dittert N.
K.-H. Baumann
T. Bickert
R. Henrich
R. Huber
H. Kinkel
H. Meggers
Kaolinite and Chlorite as Tracers of Modern and Late Quaternary Deep Water Circulation in the South Atlantic and the Adjoining Southern Ocean	285	(30)
Diekmann B.
G. Kuhn
A. Mackensen
R. Petschick
D.K. Futterer
R. Gersonde
C. Ruhlemann
H.-S. Niebler
Paleoproductivity and Nutrients
Organic Carbon and Carbonate as Paleoproductivity Proxies: Examples from High and Low Productivity Areas of the Tropical Atlantic	315	(30)
Ruhlemann C.
P.J. Muller
R.R. Schneider
Biogenic Barium as a Proxy for Paleoproductivity: Methods and Limitations of Application	345	(20)
Gingele F.X.
M. Zabel
S. Kasten
W.J. Bonn
C.C. Nurnberg
Variability in Export Production Documented by Downward Fluxes and Species Composition of Marine Planktic Diatoms: Observations from the Tropical and Equatorial Atlantic	365	(28)
Romero O.E.
C.B. Lange
G. Fischer
U.F. Treppke
G. Wefer
Reliability of the 231Pa/230Th Activity Ratio as a Tracer for Bioproductivity of the Ocean	393	(16)
Walter H.-J.
M.M. Rutgers van der Loeff
R. Francois
Sediment Redistribution, 230Thex - Normalization and Implications for the Reconstruction of Particle Flux and Export Paleoproductivity	409	(18)
Frank M.
R. Gersonde
A. Mangini
The South Atlantic Carbon Isotope Record of Planktic Foraminifera	427	(20)
Mulitza S.
H. Arz
S. Kemle-von Mucke
C. Moos
H.-S. Niebler
J. Patzold
M. Segl
Reconstruction of Surface Ocean Nitrate Utilization Using Stable Nitrogen Isotopes in Sinking Particles and Sediments	447	(22)
Holmes M.E.
C. Eichner
U. Struck
G. Wefer
CO2 in Oceans and Atmosphere
Alkenone δ13C as a Proxy for Past PCO2 in Surface Waters: Results from the Late Quaternary Angola Current	469	(20)
Andersen N.
P.J. Muller
G. Kirst
R.R. Schneider
Reassessing Foraminiferal Stable Isotope Geochemistry: Impact of the Oceanic Carbonate System (Experimental Results)	489	(24)
Bijma J.
H.J. Spero
D.W. Lea
Implications of a Carbonate Ion Effect on Shell Carbon and Oxygen Isotopes for Glacial Ocean Conditions	513	(10)
Lea D.W.
J. Bijma
H.J. Spero
D. Archer
Atmospherical Circulation
Pollen and Spores in Marine Sediments from the East Atlantic - A View from the Ocean into the African Continent	523	(24)
Dupont L.M.
Terrestrial Organic Matter in Marine Sediments: Analytical Approaches and Eolian-Marine Records in the Central Equatorial Atlantic	547	(28)
Wagner T.
L.M. Dupont
Environmental Magnetism
The Magnetic View on the Marine Paleoenvironment: Parameters, Techniques, and Potentials of Rock Magnetic Studies as a Key to Paleoclimatic and Paleoceanographic Changes	575	(26)
Frederichs T.
U. Bleil
K. Daumler
T. von Dobeneck
A.M. Schmidt
Using Rock Magnetic Proxy Records for Orbital Tuning and Extended Time Series Analyses into the Super- and Sub-Milankovitch Bands	601	(34)
Dobeneck T. von
F. Schmieder
Geomagnetic Events and Relative Paleointensity Records - Clues to High-Resolution Paleomagnetic Chronostratigraphies of Late Quaternary Marine Sediments?	635	(20)
Bleil U.
T. von Dobeneck
Modelling
Simulation of Oxygen Isotopes in a Global Ocean Model	655	(32)
Paul A.
S. Mulitza
J. Patzold
T. Wolff
Reconstructing and Modelling the Last Glacial Maximum: Beyond CLIMAP	687	(28)
Herteric K.
S. Determann
B. Grieger
I. Hansen
P. Helbig
S. Lorenz
A. Manschke
M. Matthies
A. Paul
R. Schlotte
U. Wyputta
Data Management
Data Management of Proxy Parameters with PANGAEA	715	(14)
Diepenbroek M.
H. Grobe
M. Reinke
R. Schlitzer
R. Sieger
Subject Index	729