In Vitro Fertilization

by Kay Elder , Brian Dale

• ISBN13: 9780521778633
• ISBN10: 0521778638
• Edition: 2nd
• Format: Paperback
• Copyright: 2000-05-29
• Publisher: Cambridge University Press

Summary

This comprehensively updated and expanded second edition builds on its successful and popular predecessor, retaining the practical features which made the first edition such an essential guide to IVF. The edition describes additions to the range of ART clinical treatments, including the use of testicular and epididymal sperm, blastocyst stage transfer, and new perspectives in cryobiology and cryopreservation techniques. By incorporating laboratory techniques and protocols, with an even greater emphasis on quality control, it provides an indispensable and practical account. The introductory chapters covering the scientific background that underpins effective laboratory practice have been substantially expanded, derived from research in mammalian systems into the molecular biology of oogenesis, oocyte maturation, and early embryo metabolism. This second edition distils a wealth of practical and scientific detail for the benefit of all IVF practitioners.

Table of Contents

Preface	xi
Acknowledgments	xii
Introduction	1	(7)
Further reading	7	(1)
Producing gametes	8	(26)
Oocyte growth	8	(1)
Follicle development	9	(3)
Storing information	12	(3)
The regional organization of the oocyte: polarization	15	(2)
Oogenesis in the human	17	(4)
Meiotic arrest and resumption of meiosis	21	(6)
Spermatogenesis in mammals	27	(5)
Further reading	32	(2)
Sperm--oocyte interaction	34	(32)
The acrosome and the vitelline coat	34	(3)
Sperm--oocyte fusion	37	(2)
Activation of the spermatozoon	39	(4)
Sperm--oocyte interaction in mammals	43	(5)
Oocyte activation	48	(4)
The cortical reaction	52	(5)
Fusion, centrosomes and pronuclei	57	(6)
Syngamy	63	(1)
Further reading	63	(3)
First stages of development	66	(22)
Activation of the zygote genome	68	(5)
Imprinting	73	(1)
Compaction	74	(3)
Causes of embryonic arrest	77	(2)
Metabolic requirements of the early mammalian embryo in vitro	79	(2)
Y Ves Menezo
Cleavage patterns	81	(2)
Cytoplasmic segregation and the formation of cell lines	83	(2)
Further reading	85	(3)
Endocrine control of reproduction	88	(5)
Further reading	92	(1)
Assisted reproductive technology in farm animals	93	(16)
Artificial insemination	93	(2)
Bovine IVF	95	(6)
Gender selection	101	(1)
Microsurgery in mammalian embryos	102	(5)
Further reading	107	(2)
The clinical in vitro fertilization laboratory	109	(21)
Introduction	109	(1)
Setting up a laboratory: equipment and facilities	110	(7)
Tissue culture media	117	(3)
Quality control procedures	120	(3)
Tissue culture systems	123	(2)
Basic equipment required for the IVF laboratory	125	(2)
Further reading	127	(3)
Semen analysis and preparation for assisted reproductive techniques	130	(22)
Semen assessment	131	(4)
Preparation of sperm for in vitro fertilization/GIFT/intrauterine insemination	135	(8)
Sperm preparation for ICSI	143	(2)
Retrograde ejaculation and electroejaculation: sperm preparation	145	(1)
Obstructive and nonobstructive azoospermia: epididymal and testicular sperm	146	(2)
Sperm preparation: equipment and materials	148	(2)
Further reading	150	(2)
Oocyte retrieval and embryo culture	152	(40)
Programmed superovulation protocols	152	(3)
Preparation for each case	155	(2)
Oocyte retrieval (OCR) and identification	157	(5)
Insemination	162	(1)
Scoring of fertilization on Day 1	163	(4)
Embryo quality and selection for transfer	167	(7)
Embryo transfer	174	(6)
Gamete intrafallopian transfer (GIFT)	180	(1)
Transport IVF and transport ICSI	181	(2)
Coculture systems	183	(3)
Further reading	186	(6)
Cryopreservation	192	(36)
Benefits and concerns of an embryo cryopreservation programme	192	(1)
Principles of cryobiology	193	(10)
Storage of cryopreserved samples	203	(1)
Embryo freezing and thawing	204	(6)
Blastocyst freezing	210	(2)
Clinical aspects of frozen embryo transfer	212	(3)
Oocyte cryopreservation	215	(2)
Ovarian tissue cryopreservation	217	(1)
Semen cryopreservation	218	(2)
Cryoprotective medium (CPM)	220	(1)
Freezing of testicular and epididymal samples	221	(2)
Cryopreservation of semen for cancer patients	223	(1)
Further reading	224	(4)
Micromanipulation techniques	228	(43)
Introduction	228	(1)
Intracytoplasmic sperm injection	229	(15)
Assisted hatching	244	(3)
Equipment for ICSI	247	(2)
Adjustment of Narishige manipulators for ICSI	249	(5)
Microtool preparation	254	(10)
Appendix: Causes of azoospermia	264	(4)
Further reading	268	(3)
Preimplantation genetic diagnosis	271	(25)
Joyce Harper
The genetics of inherited disease	272	(8)
Serum screening	280	(1)
Ultrasound	280	(1)
Prenatal diagnosis of inherited disorders	280	(4)
Preimplantation genetic diagnosis	284	(5)
PGD of age-related aneuploidy	289	(1)
Problems with PGD	290	(2)
Mosaicism and PGD	292	(1)
Ethics and laws	293	(1)
The future of PGD	293	(2)
Further reading	295	(1)
Index	296