Welding Metallurgy

by Kou, Sindo

• ISBN13: 9781119524816
• ISBN10: 1119524814
• Edition: 3rd
• Format: Hardcover
• Copyright: 2020-10-06
• Publisher: Wiley

Summary

Discover the extraordinary progress that welding metallurgy has experienced over the last two decades

Welding Metallurgy, 3^rd Edition is the only complete compendium of recent, and not-so-recent, developments in the science and practice of welding metallurgy. Written by Dr. Sindo Kou, this edition covers solid-state welding as well as fusion welding, which now also includes resistance spot welding. It restructures and expands sections on Fusion Zones and Heat-Affected Zones. The former now includes entirely new chapters on microsegregation, macrosegregation, ductility-dip cracking, and alloys resistant to creep, wear and corrosion, as well as a new section on ternary-alloy solidification. The latter now includes metallurgy of solid-state welding. Partially Melted Zones are expanded to include liquation and cracking in friction stir welding and resistance spot welding. New chapters on topics of high current interest are added, including additive manufacturing, dissimilar-metal joining, magnesium alloys, and high-entropy alloys and metal-matrix nanocomposites.    

Dr. Kou provides the reader with hundreds of citations to papers and articles that will further enhance the reader’s knowledge of this voluminous topic. Undergraduate students, graduate students, researchers and mechanical engineers will all benefit spectacularly from this comprehensive resource.

The new edition includes new theories/methods of Kou and coworkers regarding:

·         Predicting the effect of filler metals on liquation cracking

·         An index and analytical equations for predicting susceptibility to solidification cracking

·         A test for susceptibility to solidification cracking and filler-metal effect

·         Liquid-metal quenching during welding

·         Mechanisms of resistance of stainless steels to solidification cracking and ductility-dip cracking

·         Mechanisms of macrosegregation

·         Mechanisms of spatter of aluminum and magnesium filler metals,  

·         Liquation and cracking in dissimilar-metal friction stir welding,

·         Flow-induced deformation and oscillation of weld-pool surface and ripple formation

·         Multicomponent/multiphase diffusion bonding

Dr. Kou’s Welding Metallurgy has been used the world over as an indispensable resource for students, researchers, and engineers alike. This new Third Edition is no exception.

 

Author Biography

SINDO KOU, PhD, is Professor and Chair of the Department of Materials Science and Engineering at the University of Wisconsin. He graduated from MIT with a doctorate in metallurgy. He is a Fellow of American Welding Society and ASM International.

Table of Contents

Part I Introduction

1. Welding Processes

1.1 Overview

1.2 Gas Welding

1.3 Arc Welding

1.4 High Energy Beam Welding

1.5 Resistance Spot Welding

1.6 Solid State Welding

Examples

References

Further Reading

Problems

2. Heat Flow

2.1 Heat Sources

2.2 Heat Flow in Fusion Welding

2.3 Effect of Fusion Welding Parameters

2.4 Weld Thermal Insulator

Examples

References

Further Reading

Problems

3. Fluid Flow

3.1 Fluid Flow in Arcs

3.2 Effect of Metal Vapor on Arcs

3.3 Arc Power- and Current-Density Distributions

3.4 Fluid Flow in Weld Pools

3.5 Flow Oscillation and Ripple Formation

3.6Active Flux GTAW

Examples

References

Further Reading

Problems

4. Mass Transfer

4.1 Convective Mass Transfer in Weld Pools

4.2 Evaporation of Volatile Solutes

4.3 Filler-Metal-Drop Explosion and Spatter

4.4 Spatter in GMAW of Magnesium

4.5 Diffusion Bonding

Examples

References

Further Reading

Problems

5. Chemical Reactions in Welding

5.1 Overview

5.2 Gas-Metal Reactions

5.3 Slag-Metal Reactions

Examples

References

Further Reading

Problems

6. Residual Stresses, Distortion and Fatigue

6.1 Residual Stresses

6.2 Distortion

6.3 Fatigue

Examples

References

Further Reading

Problems

Part II The Fusion Zone

7. Introduction to Solidification

7.1 Solute Redistribution during Solidification

7.2 Constitutional Supercooling

7.3 Solidification Modes

7.4 Microsegregation Caused by Solute Redistribution

7.5 Secondary Dendrite Arm Spacing

7.6 Effect of Dendrite Tip Undercooling

7.7 Effect of Growth Rate

7.8 Solidification of Ternary Alloys

Examples

References

Further Reading

Problems

8. Solidification Modes

8.1 Solidification Modes of Weld Metal

8.2 Dendrite Spacing and Cell Spacing

8.3 Effect of Welding Parameters

8.4 Refining Microstructure within Grains

Examples

References

Further Reading

Problems

9. Nucleation and Growth of Grains

9.1 Epitaxial Growth at Fusion Line

9.2 Non-Epitaxial Growth at Fusion Line

9.3 Growth of Columnar Grains

9.4 Effect of Welding Parameters on Columnar Grains

9.5 Control of Columnar Grains

9.6 Nucleation Mechanisms of Equiaxed Grains

9.7 Grain Refining

9.8 Identifying Grain Refining Mechanisms

9.9 Grain-Boundary Migration

Examples

References

Further Reading

Problems

10. Microsegregation

10.1 Case III Solute Redistribution and Microsegregation

10.2 Effect of Travel Speed on Microsegregation

10.3 Effect of Primary Solidification Phase on Microsegregation

10.4 Effect of Maximum Solid Solubility on Microsegregation

Examples

References

Further Reading

Problems

11. Macrosegregation

11.1 Macrosegregation in Fusion Zone

11.2 Quick Freezing of One Liquid Metal in Another

11.3 Macrosegregation in Dissimilar-Filler Welds

11.4 Macrosegregation in Dissimilar-Metal Welds

11.5 Reduction of Macrosegregation

11.6 Macrosegregation in Multiple-Pass Welds

Examples

References

Further Reading

Problems

12. Some Alloy-Specific Microstructures and Properties

12.1 Austenitic Stainless Steels

12.2 Low-Carbon, Low-Alloy Steels

12.3 Ultralow Carbon Bainitic Steels

 

12.4 Creep Resistant Steels

12.5 Hardfacing of Steels

Examples

References

Further Reading

Problems

13. Solidification Cracking

13.1 Characteristics of Solidification Cracking

13.2 Theories of Solidification Cracking

13.3 Analytical Equations for Crack Susceptibility

13.4 Solidification Cracking Tests

13.5 Solidification Cracking of Stainless Steels

13.6 Factors Affecting Solidification Cracking

13.7 Reducing Solidification Cracking

Examples

References

Further Reading

Problems

14. Ductility-Dip Cracking

14.1 Characteristics of Ductility-Dip Cracking

14.2 Theories of Ductility-Dip Cracking

14.3 Test Methods

14.4 Ductility-Dip Cracking of Ni-Base Alloys

14.5 Ductility-Dip Cracking of Stainless Steels

Examples

References

Further Reading

Problems

Part III Partially Melted Zone

15. Liquation in Partially Melted Zone

15.1 Evidence of Liquation

15.2 Liquation Mechanisms

15.3 Solidification of Grain-Boundary Liquid

15.4 Grain-Boundary Segregation

Examples

References

Further Reading

Problems

16. Liquation Cracking

16.1 Liquation Cracking in Arc Welding

16.2 Liquation Cracking in Resistance Spot Welding

16.3 Liquation Cracking in Friction-Stir Welding

16.4 Liquation Cracking in Dissimilar-Metal Friction-Stir Welding

Examples

References

Further Reading

Problems

Part IV Heat-Affected-Zone

17. Introduction to Solid-State Transformations

17.1 Work-Hardened Materials

17.2 Heat-Treatable Al Alloys

17.3 Heat-Treatable Ni-base Alloys

17.4 Steels

17.5 Stainless Steels

Examples

References

Further Reading

Problems

18. Heat-Affected-Zone Degradation of Mechanical Properties

18.1 Grain Coarsening

18.2 Recrystallization and Grain Growth

18.3 Overaging in Al Alloys

18.4 Dissolution of Precipitates in Ni-Base Alloys

18.5 Martensite Tempering in Dual-Phase Steels

Examples

References

Further Reading

Problems

19. Heat-Affected-Zone Cracking

19.1 Hydrogen Cracking in Steels

19.2 Lamellar Tearing in Steels

19.3 Stress-Relief Cracking in Steels

19.4 Type-IV Cracking in Grade 91 Steel

19.5 Strain-Age Cracking in Ni-base Alloys

Examples

References

Further Reading

Problems

20. Heat-Affected-Zone Corrosion

20.1 Weld Decay of Stainless Steels

20.2 Weld Decay of Ni-base alloys

20.3 Knife-Line Attack of Stainless Steels

20.4 Sensitization of Ferritic Stainless Steels

20.5 Stress Corrosion Cracking of Austenitic Stainless Steels

Examples

References

Further Reading

Problems

Part V Special Topics

21. Additive Manufacturing

21.1 Heat and Fluid Flow

21.2 Residual Stress and Distortion

21.3 Lack of fusion and porosity

21.4 Grain Structure

21.5 Solidification Cracking

21.6 Liquation Cracking

21.7 Graded Transition Joints

Examples

References

Further Reading

Problems

22. Dissimilar-Metal Joining

22.1 Arc and Laser Joining

22.2 Resistance Spot Welding

22.2 Friction Stir Welding

22.3 Solid-State Welding

Examples

References

Further Reading

Problems

23. Welding of Magnesium Alloys

23.1 Spatter

23.2 Porosity

23.3 Internal Oxide Films

23.4 High Crowns

Examples

References

Further Reading

Problems

24. Welding of High-Entropy Alloys and Metal-Matrix Nanocomposites

24.1 High Entropy Alloys

24.2 Metal-matrix Nanocomposites

Examples

References

Further Reading

Problems

Index