The Western Experience, Volume B, with Powerweb

by CHAMBERS MORTIMER

• ISBN13: 9780072565492
• ISBN10: 0072565497
• Edition: 8th
• Format: Paperback
• Copyright: 2002-07-30
• Publisher: McGraw-Hill Humanities/Social Sciences/Languages

Summary

In an age when so many people only look forward, THE WESTERN EXPERIENCE combines new and traditional approaches to the past that, combined with an interpretive approach, challenge, stimulate, and engage students. The approach of the authors is appealing to those who want students to come away from their course with more than a grasp of the “facts”, but instead wish students to analyze assumptions and use critical thinking skills. To further this goal, the authors not only see their book as a collection of interpretive essays that can serve as an example of historical writing, but they show and exemplify how historians struggle and deal with the past, for instance by discussing various controversies in history such as the Black Athena question.

In addition, while the text presents a chronological survey of the history of Western Civilization, the narrative weaves several recurring themes that are strengthened and highlighted in new ways in this edition. The themes of social structure, the body politic, organization of production and the impact of technology, evolution of the family and changing gender roles, war, religion and cultural expression are laid out at the beginning of each chapter in the form of a color coded grid that the student and instructor will find easy to follow through the narrative.

Table of Contents

List of Maps	xv
List of Boxes	xvii
Preface	xix
Introduction	xxix
Breakdown and Renewal in an Age of Plague	341	(60)
Population Catastrophes	362	(3)
Demographic Decline	362	(1)
Plague	363	(2)
Economic Depression and Recovery	365	(12)
Agricultural Specialization	366	(1)
Protectionism	367	(1)
Technological Advances	368	(4)
The Standard of Living	372	(5)
Popular Unrest	377	(2)
Rural Revolts	377	(1)
Urban Revolts	377	(2)
The Seeds of Discontent	379	(1)
Challenges to the Governments of Europe	379	(13)
Roots of Political Unrest	379	(1)
The Nobility and Factional Strife	380	(2)
England, France, and the Hundred Years' War	382	(1)
The Tides of Battle	383	(3)
The Effects of the Hundred Years' War	386	(2)
The States of Italy	388	(4)
The Fall of Byzantium and the Ottoman Empire	392	(9)
The Fall of Constantinople	394	(1)
The Ottoman Empire	394	(7)
Tradition and Change in European Culture, 1300---1500	401	(34)
The New Learning	402	(6)
The Founding of Humanism	402	(2)
Humanism in the Fifteenth Century	404	(3)
The Florentine Neoplatonists	407	(1)
The Heritage of the New Learning	407	(1)
Art and Artists in the Italian Renaissance	408	(10)
Three Friends	408	(2)
The High Renaissance	410	(5)
Status and Perception	415	(3)
The Culture of the North	418	(5)
Chivalry and Decay	418	(3)
Contemporary Views of Northern Society	421	(1)
Art and Music	421	(2)
Scholastic Philosophy, Religious Thought, and Piety	423	(2)
The ``Modern Way''	423	(1)
Social and Scientific Thought	424	(1)
The State of Christendom	425	(10)
The Revival of the Papacy	426	(2)
Styles of Piety	428	(2)
Movements of Doctrinal Reform	430	(5)
Reformations in Religion	435	(38)
Piety and Dissent	436	(10)
Doctrine and Reform	436	(2)
Causes of Discontent	438	(1)
Popular Religion	439	(3)
Piety and Protest in Literature and Art	442	(2)
Christian Humanism	444	(2)
The Lutheran Reformation	446	(10)
The Conditions for Change	446	(1)
Martin Luther	447	(1)
The Break with Rome	447	(3)
Lutheran Doctrine and Practice	450	(2)
The Spread of Lutheranism	452	(2)
Lutheranism Established	454	(2)
The Spread of Protestantism	456	(6)
Zwingli and the Radicals	456	(1)
Persecution of the Radicals	457	(1)
John Calvin	458	(1)
Calvinism	459	(2)
The Anglican Church	461	(1)
The Catholic Revival	462	(11)
Strengths and Weaknesses	462	(2)
The Council of Trent	464	(1)
The Aftermath of Trent	465	(2)
Ignatius Loyola	467	(1)
The Jesuits	468	(2)
Religion and Politics	470	(3)
Economic Expansion and a New Politics	473	(40)
Expansion at Home	474	(6)
Population Increase	474	(1)
Economic Growth	474	(3)
Social Change	477	(3)
Expansion Overseas	480	(8)
The Portuguese	481	(1)
The Spaniards	482	(2)
The First Colonial Empire	484	(4)
The Centralization of Political Power	488	(12)
Tudor England	488	(3)
Valois France	491	(1)
Louis XI and Charles VIII	492	(2)
The Growth of Government Power	494	(1)
United Spain	495	(3)
Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor	498	(2)
The Splintered States	500	(7)
The New Statecraft	507	(6)
New International Relations	507	(1)
Machiavelli and Guicciardini	507	(6)
War and Crisis	513	(38)
Rivalry and War in the Age of Philip II	514	(8)
Philip II of Spain	514	(1)
Elizabeth I of England	515	(1)
The Dutch Revolt	516	(3)
Civil War in France	519	(3)
From Unbounded War to International Crisis	522	(6)
The Thirty Years' War	523	(2)
The Peace of Westphalia	525	(3)
The Military Revolution	528	(3)
Weapons and Tactics	528	(1)
The Organization and Support of Armies	529	(1)
The Life of the Soldier	530	(1)
Revolution in England	531	(7)
Pressures for Change	531	(2)
Parliament and the Law	533	(1)
Rising Antagonisms	534	(1)
Civil War	534	(2)
England under Cromwell	536	(2)
Revolts in France and Spain	538	(6)
The France of Henry IV	538	(1)
Louis XIII	539	(1)
Political and Social Crisis	540	(1)
Sources of Discontent in Spain	541	(2)
Revolt and Secession	543	(1)
Political Change in an Age of Crisis	544	(7)
The United Provinces	544	(2)
Sweden	546	(1)
Eastern Europe and the Crisis	547	(4)
Culture and Society in the Age of the Scientific Revolution	551	(38)
Scientific Advance from Copernicus to Newton	552	(7)
Origins of the Scientific Revolution	552	(2)
The Breakthroughs	554	(1)
Kepler and Galileo Address the Uncertainties	555	(3)
The Climax of the Scientific Revolution: Isaac Newton	558	(1)
The Effects of the Discoveries	559	(6)
A New Epistemology	559	(1)
The Wider Influence of Scientific Thought	560	(1)
Bacon and Descartes	560	(2)
Pascal's Protest Against the New Science	562	(1)
Science Institutionalized	562	(3)
The Arts and Literature	565	(12)
Unsettling Arts	565	(1)
Unsettling Writers	565	(2)
The Return of Assurance in the Arts	567	(6)
Stability and Restraint in the Arts	573	(4)
Social Patterns and Popular Culture	577	(12)
Population Trends	577	(1)
Social Status	578	(1)
Mobility and Crime	578	(1)
Change in the Villages and Cities	579	(1)
Belief in Magic and Rituals	580	(3)
Forces of Restraint	583	(6)
The Emergence of the European State System	589	(44)
Absolutism in France	590	(10)
The Rule of Louis XIV	590	(2)
Government	592	(1)
Foreign Policy	593	(3)
Domestic Policy	596	(2)
The End of An Era	598	(1)
France after Louis XIV	598	(2)
Other Patterns of Absolutism	600	(12)
The Habsburgs at Vienna	601	(1)
The Hohenzollerns at Berlin	602	(2)
Rivalry and State Building	604	(1)
The Prussia of Frederick William I	604	(1)
Frederick the Great	605	(1)
The Habsburg Empire	606	(2)
Habsburgs and Bourbons at Madrid	608	(2)
Peter the Great at St. Petersburg	610	(2)
Alternatives to Absolutism	612	(12)
Aristocracy in the United Provinces, Sweden, and Poland	612	(2)
The Triumph of the Gentry in England	614	(4)
Politics and Prosperity	618	(2)
The Growth of Stability	620	(2)
Contrasts in Political Thought	622	(2)
The International System	624	(9)
Diplomacy and Warfare	624	(1)
Armies and Navies	625	(2)
The Seven Years' War	627	(6)
The Wealth of Nations	633	(34)
Demographic and Economic Growth	634	(4)
A New Demographic Era	634	(2)
Profit Inflation: The Movement of Prices	636	(1)
Protoindustrialization	637	(1)
The New Shape of Industry	638	(5)
Toward a New Economic Order	638	(2)
The Roots of Economic Transformation in England	640	(2)
Cotton: The Beginning of Industrialization	642	(1)
Innovation and Tradition in Agriculture	643	(9)
Convertible Husbandry	645	(1)
The Enclosure Movement in Britain	645	(2)
Serfs and Peasants on the Continent	647	(5)
Eighteenth-Century Empires	652	(15)
Mercantile and Naval Competition	652	(2)
The Profits of Empire	654	(1)
Slavery, the Foundation of Empire	655	(3)
Mounting Colonial Conflicts	658	(1)
The Great War for Empire	658	(3)
The British Foothold in India	661	(6)
The Age of Enlightenment	667	(32)
The Enlightenment	668	(12)
The Broadening Reverberations of Science	668	(2)
Beyond Christianity	670	(2)
The Philosophes	672	(3)
Diderot and the Encyclopedia	675	(2)
Jean-Jacques Rousseau	677	(3)
Eighteenth-Century Elite Culture	680	(9)
Cosmopolitan High Culture	680	(3)
Publishing and Reading	683	(2)
Literature, Music, and Art	685	(4)
Popular Culture	689	(10)
Popular Literature	690	(1)
Literacy and Primary Schooling	691	(2)
Sociability and Recreation	693	(6)
The French Revolution	699	(38)
Reform and Political Crisis	700	(5)
Enlightened Absolutism in Central and Eastern Europe	700	(1)
Joseph II and the Limits of Absolutism	701	(1)
Constitutional Crises in the West	702	(1)
Upheavals in the British Empire	703	(2)
1789: The French Revolution	705	(9)
Origins of the Revolution	705	(1)
Fiscal Crisis and Political Deadlock	706	(3)
From the Estates General to the National Assembly	709	(2)
The Convergence of Revolutions	711	(3)
The Reconstruction of France	714	(7)
The Declaration of the Rights of Man and Citizen	714	(2)
The New Constitution	716	(3)
The Revolution and the Church	719	(1)
Counterrevolution, Radicalism, and War	719	(2)
The Second Revolution	721	(16)
The National Convention	721	(2)
The Revolutionary Crisis	723	(1)
The Jacobin Dictatorship	724	(3)
The Sans-culottes: Revolution from Below	727	(3)
The Revolutionary Wars	730	(7)
The Age of Napoleon	737
From Robespierre to Bonaparte	738	(7)
The Thermidorian Reaction (1794--1795)	738	(1)
The Directory (1795--1799)	739	(3)
The Rise of Bonaparte	742	(2)
The Brumaire Coup	744	(1)
The Napoleonic Settlement in France	745	(4)
The Napoleonic Style	745	(1)
Political and Religious Settlements	745	(2)
The Era of the Notables	747	(2)
Napoleonic Hegemony in Europe	749	(7)
Military Supremacy and the Reorganization of Europe	749	(3)
Naval War with Britain	752	(2)
The Napoleonic Conscription Machine	754	(2)
Opposition to Napoleon	756
The ``Spanish Ulcer''	756	(4)
The Russian Debacle	760	(3)
German Resistance and the Last Coalition	763	(1)
The Napoleonic Legend	764
Recommended Films	1	(1)
Text Credits	1	(1)
Index	1